1、BS ISO 18935:2016Imaging materials Colourimages Determination ofwater resistance of printedcolour imagesBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18935:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18935:2016
2、. It supersedes BS ISO 18935:2005 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
3、necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90979 5ICS 37.100.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard
4、 was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18935:2016 ISO 2016Imaging materials Colour images Determination of water resistance of printed colour imagesMatriaux pour limage
5、 Images en couleurs sur impressions en papier Dtermination de la rsistance interne de la couleur leauINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18935Second edition2016-10-15Reference numberISO 18935:2016(E)BS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Publishe
6、d in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
7、can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)Foreword i
8、vIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Categories of water resistance . 14.1 General . 14.2 Water resistant 14.3 Moderately water resistant 14.4 Not water resistant 25 Water resistance estimating procedures 25.1 General considerations 25.2 Control sample 26 Te
9、st methods . 26.1 General . 26.2 Method 1 Standing water evaporation 36.3 Method 2 Standing water plus wiping effects . 36.4 Method 3 Water soak . 36.5 Method 4 Edge immersion 37 Test pattern preparation 47.1 General considerations 47.2 Example test patterns . 58 Test report . 5Annex A (informative)
10、 Determination of resistance to other liquids. 7Bibliography 8 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepa
11、ring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in l
12、iaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC D
13、irectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that
14、 some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent dec
15、larations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information
16、about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18
17、935:2005 and ISO 18935:2005, Cor. 1:2007), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)IntroductionWater resistance is not an important consideration in the normal storage of colour prints. However, in a disaster situation, such as floods, eart
18、hquakes or water main breaks, this property can be of critical importance if the print is to be salvaged. A wide variety of materials are used for digital colour prints and the colorants used in some digital prints are water soluble. The degree of their water resistance varies depending upon the col
19、orants used and if the print has a water-resistant overcoat. In addition, the paper or other substrate may be of equal importance. The same colorants may exhibit very good water resistance on one substrate but can be completely washed off from a different substrate. Even print systems that use water
20、-insoluble colorants may be damaged by water exposure if the substrate is not also water resistant. This document provides a standardized method to evaluate the qualitative water resistance of colour prints. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18935:2016BS ISO 18935:2016Imaging materials Colour ima
21、ges Determination of water resistance of printed colour images1 ScopeThis document specifies tests to determine the relative water resistance of printed colour images. This document is applicable to both digital and analogue prints.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this docu
22、ment.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available a
23、t http:/www.electropedia.org/3.1ambient conditionsenvironmental conditions of (23 1) C and (50 5) % RH3.2mordantsubstance that combines with a dye, used to fix it in a material4 Categories of water resistance4.1 GeneralThe water resistance of a print is categorized into one of three categories, i.e.
24、 water resistant, moderately water resistant and not water resistant as defined in 4.2 to 4.4.4.2 Water resistantWater-resistant print is print that is not noticeably affected by exposure to liquid water.NOTE No significant degradation of the colorant (bleeding, smearing, hue change), of the support
25、 (curl, cockle, delamination) or of the image surface (gloss changes, water rings, etc.) is found.4.3 Moderately water resistantModerately water-resistant print is print that exhibits some change or damage by water but is still considered usable for its intended application.NOTE The damage can manif
26、est itself as slight media curl, partial delamination along an edge, or ring-like watermarks due to gloss changes or a minor amount of colorant migration. This damage can be mitigated by the rapid removal of the water (careful blotting, shaking off the water, etc.).INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18935:2
27、016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)4.4 Not water resistantPrint that is not water-resistant is print that is easily damaged by contact with water, even when incidental (e.g. a water mist) and is considered unsuitable for applications involving contact with water.N
28、OTE Such damage can manifest itself as appreciable curl, delamination of the image layer, colorant bleed into non-imaged areas or from colour to colour, or image degradation (hue and gloss changes, surface marks, etc.). It is strongly advisable to users of these materials to prevent water contact.5
29、Water resistance estimating procedures5.1 General considerationsWater resistance is the ability of a print to resist water damage which may manifest itself in a number of ways, such as migration of colorants; changes in the size and/or optical density of image elements; degradation of the image laye
30、r, as well as cockle, curl or loss of gloss. The water resistance of prints made by current methods varies considerably. For example, some ink-jet prints sustain no observable damage when the surface is rubbed immediately after water has been poured over the image. While others that do not show any
31、water damage after soaking for hours, lose a portion of their image layer if it is wiped off before drying.For dye-based inkjet, water resistance of many systems is dependent on three interdependent variables: ink absorption, coating solubility, and effectiveness of mordant1. For other systems where
32、 the ink is not absorbed into the substrate, water resistance is dependent on adhesion of the colorant to the substrate. In both cases, water-resistant laminates will improve water resistance.Extensive tests have shown that full characterization of water resistance requires several different methods
33、. Many attempts were made to quantify the test data generated by these methods in interlaboratory comparison, but none were successful. It is likely that within a given laboratory, the tests described in this document are sufficiently reproducible to yield statistically reliable data. However, this
34、is not enough to adopt fixed evaluation criteria. For these reasons, qualitative analysis of the test results is prescribed. This entails grouping of the results obtained from different print materials into water-resistant (no change) or not water-resistant categories. An intermediate level of moder
35、ate water resistance is also recognized, although its boundaries cannot be determined exactly.This document requires the use of deionized or distilled water for all of the tests. The pH of this water is not controlled (unless it is certified, which will be at pH 7) but pH will have little effect on
36、the tests. This is because any water-soluble components in the media coating will dissolve into the water and rapidly change the pH. The final value of this will depend on the media used.5.2 Control sampleThe evaluation of test results based on qualitative criteria for water resistance (as defined i
37、n Clause 4) requires that untreated control specimens be used for comparison with water-treated specimens.6 Test methods6.1 GeneralFour test methods are given for water resistance. Method 1 models the effect of water spilt on an image and left to dry. Method 2 tests the physical integrity of the col
38、orant receptive layer. This may be an important feature, as it is possible to have images that may resist smearing and other defects when in sustained contact with water, but will be destroyed if touched before fully drying. Method 3 indicates how images will behave under catastrophic conditions (e.
39、g. flood damage). Method 4 explores the effect of water penetration from an exposed edge, such as an upright book on a flooded shelf.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18935:2016ISO 18935:2016(E)The test methods discussed in 6.2 to 6.5 all involve the cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue and bl
40、ack colours. For black, the processed black generated by the printer with the user specified driver settings (see 7.1 for more information and warnings) shall be used. As an option, the user may also use black generated in a different manner (e.g. 3- or 4-colour composite, pure black, etc.) if the o
41、ption is available to the user. Some printer systems utilize more than cyan, magenta and yellow primary colours (e.g. systems that also use additional spot or process colours, such as red, green, blue, orange, and violet). In such a case, the user of this document may include these extra colours in
42、the tests. All print specimens shall be allowed to dry at ambient conditions for at least 24 h prior to proceeding with the test.NOTE Figure 1 shows some example test patterns that were generated using a simple drawing program on a computer.6.2 Method 1 Standing water evaporationThe test target cons
43、ists of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, red, green and blue colour blocks of convenient size (2 cm2) with a chequered board fill pattern (1,5 mm2) printed at the maximum density for that colour allowable by the printing system. Another set of chequered board squares is also printed at 0,5 0,1 density
44、above dmin. A 0,1 ml drop of water is then placed onto the centre of each colour patch and allowed to dry for at least 24 h at ambient conditions.6.3 Method 2 Standing water plus wiping effectsThe test target and initial procedure is the same as Method 1, except that the 0,1 ml water drop is applied
45、 only to the maximum density patches. After allowing this drop to stand for 1 min, the water is wiped up. This is accomplished by placing a 2 cm2piece of laboratory tissue e.g. Kimwipe1) backed by a semi-rigid support (e.g. cardboard) of the same size on top of the test target (over the water drop).
46、 A 50 g weight is applied to the laboratory tissue and the tissue is pulled once across the sample at an approximate rate of 5 cm/s.6.4 Method 3 Water soakThe test target consists of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, red, green and blue colour blocks (2,5 cm 2 cm, h w) printed at approximately 0,5 densi
47、ty above dminwith 7 lines (approximately 1 mm width) separated by 2 mm, drawn through the colour blocks. Each line is a different colour (CYMKRGB) printed at the full density allowable by the printing system for that media see Figure 1 c). Another set of the chequered board test patterns used in 6.2
48、 is also printed. Then they are immersed into deionized or distilled water at ambient temperature for 1 h, removed and hung vertically to dry (about 0,5 h to 1 h). Separate containers shall be used for each test specimen to avoid cross-contamination.NOTE It may be necessary to use weights to hold th
49、e test specimen under the water.6.5 Method 4 Edge immersionThe line target and maximum density test targets in Method 3 are printed with 1,0 cm border on the lower edge. The line target and maximum density test targets are then placed separately in a closed chromatography tank containing water at a depth of 0,5 cm water that has been left to come to equilibrium at ambient conditions. Other containers that are large enough to hold the test print without interference from the sides of the tank may be use
