1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 19005-2:2011Document management Electronic document file formatfor long-term preservationPart 2: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/A-2)BS ISO 19005-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational f
2、orewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 19005-2:2011. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IDT/1/2, Document Management Applications - Applications issues.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to
3、its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 57436 8 ICS 35.240.30; 37.100.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Bri
4、tish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 19005-2:2011Reference numberISO 19005-2:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19005-2First edition2011-07-01Document managemen
5、t Electronic document file format for long-term preservation Part 2: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/A-2) Gestion de documents Format de fichier des documents lectroniques pour une conservation long terme Partie 2: Utilisation de lISO 32000-1 (PDF/A-2) BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTEC
6、TED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem
7、ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights res
8、erved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Notation 4 5 Conformance levels 4 5.1 General . 4 5.2 Level A conformance 5 5.3 Level B conformance 5 5.4 Level U conformance 5 5.5 Conforming readers 5 6 Technical requirements 6 6.1
9、 File structure 6 6.2 Graphics . 8 6.3 Annotations 17 6.4 Interactive forms 18 6.5 Action 19 6.6 Metadata . 20 6.7 Logical structure . 25 6.8 Embedded files 27 6.9 Optional content 27 6.10 Use of alternate presentations and transitions 28 6.11 Document requirements . 28 Annex A (normative) Method fo
10、r determining transparency on a page 29 Annex B (normative) Requirements for digital signatures in PDF/A . 31 Annex C (informative) Best practices for PDF/A 32 Annex D (informative) Incorporation of XFA datasets into a PDF/A-2 conforming file . 34 Bibliography 35 BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(
11、E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body int
12、erested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnic
13、al Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the
14、technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
15、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19005-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues in cooperation with ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology, ISO/TC 42, Photography, and ISO/TC
16、46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 11, Archives/records management, in a joint working group. ISO 19005 consists of the following parts, under the general title Document management Electronic document file format for long-term preservation: Part 1: Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) Part 2: Us
17、e of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/A-2) The following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Use of ISO 32000-1 with support for embedded files (PDF/A-3) BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction PDF is a digital format for representing page-based documents. PDF files can be
18、 created natively in PDF form, converted from other electronic formats or digitized from paper, microform, or other hard copy format. Businesses, governments, libraries, archives and other institutions and individuals around the world use PDF to represent considerable bodies of important information
19、. Much of this information needs to be kept for substantial lengths of time; some needs to be kept permanently. These PDF files need to remain useable and accessible across multiple generations of technology. However, the inclusive, feature-rich nature of the format requires that constraints be plac
20、ed on its use to make it suitable for the long-term preservation of electronic documents. The future use of, and access to, these objects depends upon maintaining their visual appearance as well as their higher-order properties, such as the logical organization of pages, sections, and paragraphs, ma
21、chine recoverable text stream in natural reading order, and a variety of administrative, preservation and descriptive metadata. ISO 19005 has been created as a multi-part document, of which this is Part 2. This allows future parts to be created without rendering ISO 19005, or applications based on i
22、t, obsolete. The primary purpose of ISO 19005 is to define a file format based on PDF, known as PDF/A, which provides a mechanism for representing electronic documents in a manner that preserves their static visual appearance over time, independent of the tools and systems used for creating, storing
23、 or rendering the files. A secondary purpose of ISO 19005 is to define a framework for representing the logical structure and other semantic information of electronic documents within conforming files. Another purpose of ISO 19005 is to provide a framework for recording the context and history of el
24、ectronic documents in metadata within conforming files. These goals are accomplished by identifying the set of PDF components that can be used, and restrictions on the form of their use, within conforming PDF/A files. By itself, PDF/A does not necessarily ensure that the visual appearance of the con
25、tent accurately reflects any original source material used to create the conforming file, e.g. the process used to create a conforming file might substitute fonts, reflow text, downsample images or use lossy compression. Organizations that need to ensure that a conforming file is an accurate represe
26、ntation of original source material might need to impose additional requirements, such as the best practices in Annex C, on the processes that generate the conforming file beyond those imposed by this part of ISO 19005. In addition, it is important for those organizations to implement policies and p
27、ractices regarding the inspection of conforming files for correct visual appearance. PDF/A does not directly address the topic of authenticity, either for the underlying content to be visually represented or for the PDF/A file itself. Such authenticity is generally considered to be important for leg
28、al, regulatory and governance purposes and is beyond the scope of this International Standard. This part of ISO 19005 is one component of an organizations electronic archival environment for long-term retention of documents. Successful implementation of this part of ISO 19005 for archival purposes d
29、epends upon the following: the retention requirements of an organizations archival environment, records management policies and procedures, as specified in ISO 15489-1; any additional requirements and conditions necessary to ensure the persistence of electronic documents and their characteristics ov
30、er time, including, but not limited to, those defined in ISO 14721, ISO/TR 15801, and ISO/TR 18492; BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reserved the quality assurance processes necessary to verify conformance with applicable requirements and conditions, e.g. an inspection r
31、egime to verify the quality and integrity of converted source data. This part of ISO 19005 is intended to lead to the development of various applications that read, render, write and validate conforming files. Different applications will incorporate various capabilities to prepare, interpret and pro
32、cess conforming files based on needs as perceived by the suppliers of those applications. However, it is important to note that a conforming application needs to be able to read and process appropriately all files complying with a specified conformance level. This part of ISO 19005 extends the capab
33、ilities of ISO 19005-1. It is based on PDF version 1.7 (as defined in ISO 32000-1) rather than PDF version 1.4 (which is used as the basis of ISO 19005-1). These added capabilities are made possible through compliance with ISO 32000-1 and include improvements to tagged PDF (for enhanced accessibilit
34、y), Compressed Object and XRef streams (for smaller file sizes), PDF/A-compliant file attachments, portable collections and PDF packages, transparency, and JPEG 2000 compression. This part of ISO 19005 (in conjunction with its normative references) provides sufficient information to interpret any co
35、nforming PDF/A-2 file. NPES and AIIM (accredited standards developing organizations) maintain an ongoing series of application notes for guiding developers and users of ISO 19005. These application notes are available at and . Both NPES and AIIM also retain copies of the specific non-ISO normative r
36、eferences of this part of ISO 19005 which are publicly available electronic documents. BS ISO 19005-2:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19005-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Document management Electronic document file format for long-term preservation Part 2: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/A-2) 1 Sco
37、pe This part of ISO 19005 specifies the use of the Portable Document Format (PDF) 1.7, as formalized in ISO 32000-1, for preserving the static visual representation of page-based electronic documents over time. This part of ISO 19005 is not applicable to specific processes for converting paper or el
38、ectronic documents to the PDF/A format, specific technical design, user interface, implementation, or operational details of rendering, specific physical methods of storing these documents, such as media and storage conditions, or required computer hardware and/or operating systems. 2 Normative refe
39、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 646, Information technology ISO 7-
40、bit coded character set for information interchange1)ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)2)ISO 15076-1, Image technology colour management Architecture, profile format and data structure Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2010 ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, Information technology JPE
41、G 2000 image coding system: Extensions ISO 15930-7:2010, Graphic technology Prepress digital data exchange using PDF Part 7: Complete exchange of printing data (PDF/X-4) and partial exchange of printing data with external profile reference (PDF/X-4p) using PDF 1.6 ISO 19005-1, Document management El
42、ectronic document file format for long-term preservation Part 1: Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) 1) The character encoding defined in ISO/IEC 646 is equivalent to ANSI X3.4 (ASCII) and ECMA-6. 2) The character code values defined in ISO/IEC 10646 are equivalent to those of Unicode. BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 1
43、9005-2:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedISO 24517-1, Document management Engineering document format using PDF Part 1: Use of PDF 1.6 (PDF/E-1) ISO 32000-1:2008, Document management Portable document format Part 1: PDF 1.7 Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation
44、, 4 February 2004. Available from ICC.1:1998-09, File Format for Color Profiles, International Color Consortium. Available from ICC.1:2001-12, File Format for Color Profiles (Version 4.0.0), International Color Consortium. Available from ICC.1:2003-09, File Format for Color Profiles (Version 4.1.0),
45、 International Color Consortium. Available from RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised), W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004. Available from RFC 2315, PKCS#7: Cryptographic Message Syntax Version 1.5. Available from http:/www.rfc-editor.org RFC 3280, Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certific
46、ate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. Available from http:/www.rfc-editor.org Adobe Glyph List, 20 September 2002, Adobe Systems Incorporated. Available from Adobe Supplement to ISO 32000-1, BaseVersion 1.7, ExtensionLevel 5, Adobe Systems Incorporated. Available from 3 Terms and defini
47、tions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 conformance level identified set of restrictions and requirements to which files and readers are required to comply 3.2 electronic document electronic representation of a page-oriented aggregation of text, images
48、 and graphic data, and metadata useful to identifying and understanding that data, that can be reproduced on paper or other substrates, as well as rendered electronically on display devices, without significant loss of its information content 3.3 end-of-file marker five-character sequence (%EOF) mar
49、king the end of a PDF file 3.4 EOL marker end-of-line marker one- or two-character sequence marking the end of a line, consisting of a CARRIAGE RETURN character (0Dh) or a LINE FEED character (0Ah) or a CARRIAGE RETURN followed immediately by a LINE FEED BS ISO 19005-2:2011ISO 19005-2:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.5 extension schema conforming XMP schema that is not defined in the XMP Specification, nor in ISO 19005-1 or ISO 19005-2 3.6 font identified collection of
