1、BS ISO 19291:2016Lubricants Determination oftribological quantities for oilsand greases Tribological testin the translatory oscillationapparatusBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 19291:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、 the UK implementation of ISO 19291:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/13, Petroleum Testing and Terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inclu
3、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84503 1 ICS 75.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Brit
4、ish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 19291:2016 ISO 2016Lubricants Determination of tribological quantities for oils and greases Tribological
5、test in the translatory oscillation apparatusLubrifiants Dtermination de quantits tribologiques dhuiles et de graisses Essais tribologiques dans lappareil translation-oscillationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19291First edition2016-12-01Reference numberISO 19291:2016(E)BS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)ii
6、 ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting o
7、n the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749
8、09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Reagents 36 Apparatus . 47 Test pieces . 57.1 General . 57.2 Test ball . 67.3 Disk . 68 Preparation of apparatus 68.1 Installing the
9、 specimen holders and test specimen in the test chamber 68.2 Test conditions 79 Test procedure 79.1 General . 79.2 Friction and wear 89.3 Extreme pressure test . 89.4 Calibration and inspection 89.5 Determining the tribological quantities 89.5.1 General 89.5.2 Wear scar diameter of ball. 89.5.3 Wear
10、 volume of ball . 89.5.4 Wear volume of disk . 89.5.5 Optional . 810 Expression of results 910.1 General . 910.2 Friction and wear testing . 910.3 Extreme pressure testing . 911 Precision . 911.1 General . 911.2 Repeatability, r .911.3 Reproducibility, R .912 Test report 10Annex A (informative) Tran
11、slations of terms .11Annex B (informative) Compilation of test results for filing.12Bibliography .13 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
12、(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, g
13、overnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further main
14、tenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Atte
15、ntion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introductio
16、n and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformi
17、ty assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products from synt
18、hetic or biological origin.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)IntroductionLiquid lubricants (oils) and consistent lubricants (greases) reduce friction and wear and/or prevent adhesive wear (scuffing, galling). In order to establish the tribological profile of a lubrican
19、t adequate tribometric, test methods are required. The test method described in this document can be regarded as an evaluation tool for the determination of the lubricant-related contribution to friction, wear, load carrying capacity and extreme pressure behaviour.This test method is dedicated to a
20、translatory oscillation apparatus which is fully computer controlled.This test method harmonizes the following national test methods using the ball-on-disk contact geometry:a) DIN 51834-21(oil, coefficient of friction and wear);b) ASTM D64252(oil, coefficient of friction and wear);ASTM D74214(oil, p
21、ass load/O.K. load);ASTM D57066(grease, pass load/O.K. load);ASTM D57078(grease, coefficient of friction and wear);c) SH/T 07219(grease, coefficient of friction and wear);SH/T 07847(grease, pass load/O.K. load);NB SH/T 08473(oil, coefficient of friction and wear);NB/SH/T 08825(oil, pass load/O.K. lo
22、ad).The harmonization is also related to the use of only one type of cleaning solvent.Users of this test method should determine whether the results obtained from this method correlate with field performance or other applications.It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that all local legi
23、slative and statutory requirements are met. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 19291:2016BS ISO 19291:2016Lubricants Determination of tribological quantities for oils and greases Tribological test in the translatory oscillation apparatus1 ScopeThis document describes test methods based on a high-f
24、requency, linear-oscillation test machine to determine tribological quantities like friction, wear, load carrying capacity and extreme pressure behaviour of liquid lubricants (oils) and consistent lubricants (greases) in the ball-on-disk contact geometry.NOTE This method is technically equivalent to
25、 DIN 518342/ASTM D64251(NB/SH/T 08473) and ASTM D74214(NB/SH/T 08825) for oils, as well as ASTM D57066 (SH/T 07847) and ASTM D57078(SH/T 07219) for greases.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requiremen
26、ts of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 683-17, Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steelsIEC 584-1,
27、Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tablesIEC 584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: TolerancesIEC 751, Industrial platinum resistance thermometer and platinum temperature sensorsASTM D7755, Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)
28、Test MachineDIN 51631:1999-04, Mineral spirits Special boiling point spirits RequirementsDIN 51834-3, Testing of lubricants Tribological test in the translatory oscillation apparatus Part 3: Determination of tribological behaviour of materials in cooperation with lubricants3 Terms and definitionsFor
29、 the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp/3
30、.1wear volumeWVirreversible loss of volume to the ball or the disk (flat) at the end of testNote 1 to entry: The determination of the wear volumes of ball and disk are described in DIN 518343 or ASTM D7755 or an equivalent National Standard.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19291:2016(E) ISO 2016 All right
31、s reserved 1BS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)3.2adhesive failureparticularly severe form of damage to the surface in which seizure (3.3) or welding together of surface areas occurNote 1 to entry: Synonyms frequently used are “galling” (US) or “scoring” (UK). It has different meanings and macroscopi
32、c morphologies (see Annex A).Note 2 to entry: The surface damages are usually material transfer, roughening and plastic flow, or all, as well as localized fusion of metal.3.3seizurelocalized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test piecesNote 1 to entry: Seizure is usually indicated
33、by a sharp increase in coefficient of friction, over steady-state, of delta 0,2 for over 20 s, or by unusual noise and vibration.Note 2 to entry: In severe cases, a stoppage in the motor will occur.Note 3 to entry: Under unlubricated oscillation, ball bearing steel 100Cr6 has coefficients of frictio
34、n above 0,4.3.4pass loadO.K. loadlast load during the extreme pressure test where no adhesive failure (3.2) or adhesive mechanisms were observed3.5load carrying capacitygeometric contact pressure at the end of the testNote 1 to entry: The load carrying capacity of the tribocouple can be additionally
35、 calculated according to the following formula:PFWSDgeomn=42pwhereFnis the normal force (synonym: test load);Pgeomis the geometric contact pressure;WSD is the mean wear scar diameter of ball.4 PrincipleThis test method is performed on a translatory oscillation apparatus using a test ball made in bea
36、ring steel mating the top of a flat stationary disk made in bearing oscillating each other, which can be operated under different sets of test parameters (test frequency, stroke length, temperature, load and test time). The general contact situation is shown in Figure 1.NOTE It has been assumed by t
37、he compilers of this test method that anyone using the method will be familiar with the operation manual of the test machine, as well as either be fully trained and familiar with all usual engineering and laboratory practices, or will be under the direct supervision of such a person.IMPORTANT Protec
38、tion against machine noise during testing is recommended.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)Fg104212Key1 finished test surface2 x, Figure 1 Contact situation of the tribosystemThe basic principle of the test system is the exact measurement of the coefficient of friction
39、of a material couple with or without a lubricating interfacial medium. This is done by:a) pressing the counter upper test specimen onto the base lower test specimen with a defined normal force, Fn;b) oscillating sliding of the upper specimen on the lower specimen;c) vibration-compensated measuring o
40、f the lateral friction force, Ff, acting on the lower specimen and resulting from the movement of the upper specimen. The coefficient of friction, f, is generated from peak-to-peak measurements of each period and calculated according to Formula (1):fFF=fn/ (1)5 Reagents5.1 Cleaning solvent, non-chlo
41、rinated and non-film forming cleaning fluids of the type of hydrocarbon-based solvents according to DIN 51631:1999, type 2.NOTE 1 Type 2 in DIN 51631:1999 is termed “special-boiling-point spirits” with distillation characteristics of initial 80 C and final 110 C and contains less than 5 % by weight
42、of n-hexane and less than 0,2 % by weight of aromatics. The CAS number 64742-49-01)comply with this type of cleaning solvent.NOTE 2 The synonyms are: naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light; Siedegrenzenbenzin (German); petroleum ether or mineral spirits.1) Seven CAS registration numbers cover this
43、multi-constituent subcategory composed of predominantly C7 to C9 paraffins with varying compositions of normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and/or cycloparaffins. CAS = Chemical Abstracts Service, http:/www.cas.org/. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)WARNING The user of spe
44、cial-boiling-point spirits has to consider the following risk and safety phrases: R45: May cause cancer; R46: May cause heritable genetic damage; R65: Harmful: may cause lung damage, if swallowed; S53: Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use; T: Toxic. The specific toxicity profile f
45、or CAS number 678472-49-0 can be downloaded from the OECD website.6 Apparatus6.1 Translatory oscillation apparatus.The tribological test system is shown in Figure 2 and includes a test chamber in which an upper and a lower specimen are installed in their respective holders. An electromagnetic linear
46、 drive with integrated stroke sensor generates the oscillating movement performed by the upper specimen on the lower specimen. The normal force, Fn, is applied to the specimen pairing by a servomotor and a load rod. To carry out tests below ambient temperature, the block can be provided with an inte
47、grated cooling coil. Environmental conditions, like relative humidity, may be measured optionally.The holder of the lower specimen is equipped with a thermostatically monitored electric resistance heater and a resistance thermometer conforming to IEC 751 for temperatures up to 350 C or an electric t
48、emperature sensor conforming to IEC 584-1 and IEC 584-2 for temperatures up to 1 000 C.Operation of the test system is monitored by several electronic control units (for drive, load, temperature, frequency, stroke) and a specific software.The friction force, Ff, is measured continuously by a piezo-e
49、lectric device contained in the test block and recorded throughout the test. Wear can be measured during the test by means of a sensor as total linear wear length of the tribosystem. After the test, wear quantities can be determined by an external measuring device (see 9.5).4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 19291:2016ISO 19291:2016(E)765398111074321Fg1042Fg1034Fg1034Key1 test chamber 9 drive rods of the load unit2 receiving block 10 disk3 piezo force measu
