1、Paints and varnishes WettabilityPart 2: Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact angleBS ISO 194032:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 2: Determination of the s
2、urface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact anglePeintures et vernis Mouillabilit Partie 2: Dtermination de lnergie libre de surface des surfaces solides par la mesure de langle de contactINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19403-2First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 19403-2:2017(E)Nationa
3、l forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 194032:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/10, Test methods for paints.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication
4、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87395 9ICS 01.040.87; 87.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunit
5、y from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 194032:2017 ISO 2017Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 2: Determin
6、ation of the surface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact anglePeintures et vernis Mouillabilit Partie 2: Dtermination de lnergie libre de surface des surfaces solides par la mesure de langle de contactINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19403-2First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 19403-2:
7、2017(E)BS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or me
8、chanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, S
9、witzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reprodu
10、ced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.I
11、SO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 19403-2:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus and materials 26 Sampling 37 Proce
12、dure. 47.1 General for measuring on the horizontal drop 47.1.1 Setting up the contact angle measuring system . 47.1.2 Test conditions. 47.1.3 Conditioning of the test panels 47.2 Measurement 47.2.1 General 47.2.2 Static method 47.2.3 Dynamic method (progressive contact angle) . 57.2.4 Determination
13、of the contact angle . 68 Evaluation 68.1 General . 68.2 Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method (OWRK method) . 68.3 Wu method . 79 Precision . 89.1 General . 89.2 Repeatability limit, r . 89.3 Reproducibility limit, R . 89.4 Calculation in accordance with Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method (OWRK method) 81
14、0 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Notes on measuring practice 10Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
15、bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
16、and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
17、described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is
18、drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
19、on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and ex
20、pressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Pai
21、nts and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.A list of all parts in the ISO 19403 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wo
22、rldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented o
23、n that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this
24、document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Dire
25、ctives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the dev
26、elopment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary n
27、ature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This
28、 document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.A list of all parts in the ISO 19403 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19403-2:2017(E)Paints
29、 and varnishes Wettability Part 2: Determination of the surface free energy of solid surfaces by measuring the contact angle1 ScopeThis document specifies a test method to measure the contact angle for the determination of the surface free energy of a solid surface. The method can be applied for the
30、 characterization of substrates and coatings.NOTE 1 For the determination of the surface free energy of polymers and coatings, either the method in accordance with Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble or the method in accordance with Wu is used preferably.NOTE 2 The morphological and chemical homogeneity
31、 have an influence on the measuring results.NOTE 3 The procedures indicated in this document are based on the state-of-the-art employing the drop projection method in penumbral shadow. Other methods are not excluded.NOTE 4 Measuring the contact angle on powders is not part of this document. For furt
32、her information, see the bibliography.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
33、of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes Terms and definitionsISO 19403-1, Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 1: Terminology and general principles3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4
34、618 and ISO 19403-1 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp4 PrincipleA minimum of three drops
35、 of at least two test liquids are dosed onto the flat surface of a test specimen. For every drop, the contact angle is measured. From the averaged contact angles of every liquid, their surface tensions, as well as their polar and dispersive fractions, the surface free energy of the solid is calculat
36、ed by means of an appropriate model, divided into the polar and dispersive fractions. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)5 Apparatus and materialsOrdinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following.5.1 Contact angle measuring system.Any state-of-the-art contact
37、 angle measuring device, preferably systems with digital image capture and analysis for measuring the contact angle. Figure 1 shows a schematic example of a contact angle measuring system.Key1 light source2 specimen holder3 graduaded micro syringe4 optical system5 screenNOTE 1 The image capturing sy
38、stem is oriented in a way that the optimal image resolution ratio (ratio of width and height) can be used.NOTE 2 The device used can differ from the schematic diagram in regard to light path and the arrangement of the components.Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a contact angle measuring system5.2 Dosin
39、g unit.The dosing unit makes it possible to precisely apply drops in the range of microlitres to the surface.5.3 Test liquids.At least two of the test liquids suggested in Table 1. The test liquids shall have at least “purity grade” for analysis. Water shall have a surface tension of at least 71,5 m
40、N/m.It is recommended to test the suitability of the liquids used in accordance with ISO 19403-3 or EN 14370 prior to measuring their surface tensions. For guidance, the values from the literature for the surface tension, l, are indicated in Table 1. It is also possible to use an individually measur
41、ed value of the surface tension as reference value. According to experience, the measured value should not deviate more than 2 % from the value from the literature or the individually determined value.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 194032:2017ISO 19403-2:2017(E)5 Apparatus and materialsOrdinar
42、y laboratory apparatus, together with the following.5.1 Contact angle measuring system.Any state-of-the-art contact angle measuring device, preferably systems with digital image capture and analysis for measuring the contact angle. Figure 1 shows a schematic example of a contact angle measuring syst
43、em.Key1 light source2 specimen holder3 graduaded micro syringe4 optical system5 screenNOTE 1 The image capturing system is oriented in a way that the optimal image resolution ratio (ratio of width and height) can be used.NOTE 2 The device used can differ from the schematic diagram in regard to light
44、 path and the arrangement of the components.Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a contact angle measuring system5.2 Dosing unit.The dosing unit makes it possible to precisely apply drops in the range of microlitres to the surface.5.3 Test liquids.At least two of the test liquids suggested in Table 1. The
45、test liquids shall have at least “purity grade” for analysis. Water shall have a surface tension of at least 71,5 mN/m.It is recommended to test the suitability of the liquids used in accordance with ISO 19403-3 or EN 14370 prior to measuring their surface tensions. For guidance, the values from the
46、 literature for the surface tension, l, are indicated in Table 1. It is also possible to use an individually measured value of the surface tension as reference value. According to experience, the measured value should not deviate more than 2 % from the value from the literature or the individually d
47、etermined value.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 19403-2:2017(E)The test liquids shall not physically or chemically affect the surface. The test liquids have a maximum of different polar and dispersive fractions of surface tension.For at least one of the test liquids used, the polar fractions shal
48、l be larger than 0 mN/m (see Table 1).In case only two test liquids are used, water and di-iodomethane are recommended. In case three liquids are used, ethylene glycol should be used additionally.In case of high viscous test liquids like glycerol and ethylene glycol, a needle with higher inner diame
49、ter could be necessary to achieve the recommended dosing rate.NOTE The values in Table 1 refer to 25 C measuring temperature. For measuring under standard atmosphere (see 7.1.2), no significant deviations can be assumed.Table 1 Suggested test liquidsTest liquid Surface tensionlmN/mDispersive fractionldmN/mPolar fractionlpmN/mSourceWater 72,8 21,8 51,0 Reference 4Di-iodomethanea50,8 50,8 0,0 Reference 41,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol)47,7 30,9 16,8 Reference 41,2,3-propanetriol (gly
