1、BS ISO 23337:2016Rubber, vulcanized orthermoplastic Determinationof abrasion resistance usingthe Improved Lambourn testmachineBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 23337:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementa
2、tion of ISO 23337:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/22, Testing and analysis of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessarypr
3、ovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 92768 3ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、 under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 23337:2016 ISO 2016Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using the Improved Lambourn test machineCaoutchouc
5、 vulcanis ou thermoplastique Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion laide dune machine de Lambourn perfectionneINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO23337Second edition2016-11-01Reference numberISO 23337:2016(E)BS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016
6、, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. P
7、ermission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:2016(E)
8、Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 35.1 Abrasion test machine 35.2 Balance . 46 Calibration 47 Test pieces . 47.1 Type and preparation 47.2 Number 57.3 Time interval between vulcanization and testing 58 Test conditions .
9、59 Procedure. 69.1 Preliminary wear 69.2 Abrasion test . 69.3 Density . 610 Expression of results 611 Precision . 712 Test report . 7Annex A (informative) Precision . 8Annex B (normative) Calibration schedule 10Bibliography .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:
10、2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whi
11、ch a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all m
12、atters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This
13、document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
14、l such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and
15、 does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w
16、ww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23337:2007), which has been technically revised to include a calibration schedule
17、 as Annex B.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:2016(E)IntroductionVarious types of laboratory test equipment for determining the wear resistance of rubber compounds have been developed, depending on the products to which rubber compounds have been applied in the past. One such
18、 piece of equipment, called the “Improved Lambourn” abrasion test machine, is briefly introduced with other types in ISO 237942and the test method for using it is described in detail in this document.The main features of the Improved Lambourn machine are as follows:a) The slip rate is adjustable by
19、virtue of the fact that the abrasive wheel and test piece are driven separately. A servo-mechanism is used for driving both the abrasive wheel and the test piece to ensure accurate speed control. In older types of equipment, both the abrasive wheel and the test piece were driven by the same drive sy
20、stem, with the speeds of rotation controlled by braking systems, which could result in an inaccurately controlled slip rate.b) A controlled feed of carborundum grit to the nip between the rubber test piece and the abrasive wheel ensures that abraded particles are prevented from adhering to the surfa
21、ce of the test piece or abrasive wheel, which is important in obtaining reproducible test results.A previous wear study for rubber compounds using the Improved Lambourn machine showed that, at higher slip rates, wear resistance decreased in the order: butadiene rubber (BR) base compound, natural rub
22、ber (NR) base, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) base. However, at low slip rates, the order was reversed. This is interesting since the tread compound in truck and bus tyres generally uses NR or a blend of NR and BR base compound, while SBR base compound is used in car tyres. More details can be found
23、 in Reference 3. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 23337:2016BS ISO 23337:2016Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using the Improved Lambourn test machineWARNING 1 Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document do
24、es not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.WARNING 2 Certain procedures specified in this document mi
25、ght involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis document specifies a method for the determination of the resistan
26、ce of rubber to abrasion using the Improved Lambourn test machine.The abrasion loss resulting from the slip caused by the difference in circumferential speed between a disc-shaped rubber test piece and an abrasive wheel, which are driven to rotate independently with their circumferences pressed agai
27、nst each other by a specified load, is determined. The test result can be reported as a volume loss per abrasion test time or running distance, and/or as an abrasion resistance index compared to a reference compound.As the Improved Lambourn test machine is capable of setting various abrasive conditi
28、ons, such as slip rate, sliding speed and load, independently, this method is suitable for the evaluation of compounds for a range of rubber products, especially tyres, under a wide range of severity conditions. An example of the testing of tyre tread rubber is given in Annex A.2 Normative reference
29、sThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
30、es.ISO 525, Bonded abrasive products General requirementsISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of densityISO 8486-1, Bonded abrasives Determination and designation of grain size distribution Part 1: Macrogrits F4 to F220ISO 18899:2013, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test eq
31、uipmentISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the followin
32、g addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23337:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:2016(E) ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1abrasionloss of material from a surface due to frictiona
33、l forcesSOURCE: ISO 23794:2015, 3.13.2abrasion resistanceresistance to wear resulting from mechanical action upon a surfaceNote 1 to entry: Abrasion resistance is expressed by the abrasion resistance index.SOURCE: ISO 23794:2015, 3.23.3abrasion resistance indexratio of the loss in volume of a standa
34、rd rubber to the loss in volume of a test rubber measured under the same specified conditions and expressed as a percentageSOURCE: ISO 23794:2015, 3.33.4slip rateratio of the difference between the circumferential speed of the test piece and that of the abrasion wheel to the circumferential speed of
35、 the test piece, expressed as a percentage3.5running distancetotal distance travelled by a point on the circumference of the test piece, determined from the initial outer diameter of the test piece, its speed of rotation and the abrasion time3.6reference compoundcompound whose abrasion resistance is
36、 to be compared with that of the test rubber4 PrincipleWear occurs due to the slip caused by the difference in circumferential speed between a disc-shaped rubber test piece and an abrasive wheel rotating against each other for a specified length of time.The test piece and the abrasive wheel, aligned
37、 with their circumferences pressed against each other by a specified load and with their axes of rotation parallel, are driven independently (see Figure 1).Grit is fed into the nip between the test piece and the abrasive wheel to prevent smearing of the test piece and the abrasive wheel surface.The
38、loss in mass of the test piece is determined and the loss in volume per unit abrasion time or running distance is calculated from the density of the test material. The abrasion resistance index, if required, is determined by comparing this loss in volume with the loss in volume of a reference compou
39、nd tested under the same conditions.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 23337:2016ISO 23337:2016(E)a) Top viewb) Front viewKey1 drive motor for abrasive wheel 6 test piece2 abrasive wheel 7 mechanism for exerting load on test piece3 test chamber 8 torque meter4 test piece mounting 9 drive motor for
40、 test piece5 test piece guide 10 grit-dropping mechanismaTest piece pressed against abrasive wheel.The torque meter fitted to the test piece drive shaft detects any abnormal conditions from torque changes during the test. It shall be capable of measuring torques ranging from 0 Nm to 49 Nm to the nea
41、rest 0,01 Nm.Figure 1 Schematic illustration of apparatus5 Apparatus5.1 Abrasion test machineThe test machine (see Figure 1) shall consist of a test piece mounting, an abrasive wheel, a drive mechanism to rotate the test piece and the abrasive wheel at different speeds, a loading mechanism to press
42、the test piece against the abrasive wheel at the specified load, a grit-dropping mechanism to prevent smearing of the test piece and the abrasive wheel surface, and a test chamber to prevent grit from spreading and to ensure safety during the test. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 23337:2016ISO
43、23337:2016(E)The mounting of the test piece shall be designed so that the test piece does not slip on the rotating shaft when torque is applied, in order that the rotational speed of the shaft is accurately transmitted to the test piece. A pair of disc-shaped test piece guides 4 mm thick and 43 mm o
44、r 58,5 mm in diameter shall be fitted each side of the test piece to hold it in place.The mounting of the abrasive wheel shall be designed so that the abrasive wheel does not slip on the rotating shaft when torque is applied, in order that the rotational speed of the shaft is accurately transmitted
45、to the abrasive wheel. The specifications of the abrasive wheel shall be in accordance with ISO 525: abrasive C (silicon carbide), grit size 80 (equivalent to the designation F80 specified in ISO 8486-1), hardness grade K, nature of bond V (vitrified bond) and maximum operating speed 16 m/s (less th
46、an 16 m/s). The diameter of the abrasive wheel shall be 175 mm, 205 mm or 305 mm, with a thickness of 20 mm to 50 mm.Permissible combinations of the dimensions of the test piece, the test piece guide and the abrasive wheel are given in Table 1.Table 1 Permissible combinations of dimensions of the te
47、st piece, the test piece guide and the abrasive wheelDimensions in millimetresCombinationTest piece Test piece guide Abrasive wheelDiameter Thickness Diameter Thickness Diameter ThicknessA 49,0 5,0 43,0 4,0 175,0 20 to 50B 63,5 5,0 58,5 4,0 205,0 20 to 50C 49,0 5,0 43,0 4,0 305,0 20 to 50The drive m
48、echanism shall have two motors, one for the test piece and one for the abrasive wheel, so as to control their circumferential speeds, which shall be between 10 m/min and 200 m/min, independently.A loading mechanism shall be fitted to press the test piece against the abrasive wheel at the specified l
49、oad in the range 5 N to 80 N during the test, regardless of the combination of dimensions used.A mechanism shall be fitted to drop grit at the specified rate into the gap between the test piece and the abrasive wheel. The drop rate shall be adjusted to be in the range 10 g/min to 30 g/min. The type of grit used shall be silicon carbide corresponding to a designation between F80 and F100 as specified in ISO 8486-1.5.2 BalanceThe balance shall be of sufficient accuracy to enable the loss in mass of the test
