1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 25577:2013Information anddocumentation MarcXchangeCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNa
2、tional forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 25577:2013. Itsupersedes BS ISO 25577:2008 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IDT/2/7, Computer applications in Information andDocumentation.A list of organizations repres
3、ented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82
4、005 2ICS 35.240.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright British Standards
5、 Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013 ISO 2013Information and documentation MarcXchangeInformation et documentation MarcXchangeINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO25577Second e
6、dition2013-12-15Reference numberISO 25577:2013(E)Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPY
7、RIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permis
8、sion. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British S
9、tandards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative reference
10、s 13 Terms and definitions . 14 XML schema exchange of MARC records 34.1 General . 34.2 Structure of XML schema . 4Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema 6Annex B (informative) Examples 9Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange schema .17Bibliography .18Copyright B
11、ritish Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of n
12、ational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inter
13、national organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those inte
14、nded for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www
15、iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document
16、will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expr
17、essions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and Documentation, Sub
18、committee SC 4, Technical interoperability.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition. Yet valid first edition records will be compliant with this second edition of the standard.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with
19、BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E)IntroductionIn 2001, the US Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML
20、schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record.MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented.Th
21、is International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links t
22、o the terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the definition and application of fields, subfields, and control characters employed in data re
23、presentation techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXch
24、ange, as an internationally recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations even if MARC 21 or UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specif
25、ication for the development of local specific schemas, ensuring compatibility.The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows. The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC records or to
26、 act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the following way in the XML schema. The record label is treated as a simple string. The directory has no coun
27、terpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the directory has to be recalculated. The record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute. Data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes. Subfields
28、are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013Cop
29、yright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013Information and documentation MarcXchange1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the requirements f
30、or a generalized XML-based exchange format for bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags, indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementatio
31、n format.This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for communication between data processing systems, but can also be relevant for use as a processing format within systems.MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows: for representing a comple
32、te MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML; for original resource description in XML syntax; as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard); for exchange of MARC records in XML; for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL); for pu
33、blisher transmission of data; as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication, editing, validation; for metadata in XML that can be packaged with an electronic resource.Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by ded
34、icated software tailored for the specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
35、 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2709, Information and documentation Format for information exchangeISO/IEC 646, Information technology ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchangeISO/IEC 10646, Information technology Univ
36、ersal Coded Character Set (UCS)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy
37、 Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E)3.1MAchine-Readable CataloguingMARCfamily of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in machine-readable formNote 1 to entry: A
38、ll MARC standards conform to ISO 2709.3.2collectionset of recordsNote 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a root element named “collection”.Note 2 to entry: The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is used for an elemen
39、t which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent).3.3recordcollection of fields, including record label, directory and dataNote 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a root element named “record”. It can occur alone or as a sub-element of the “collection” element.3.4forma
40、tspecification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an ISO 2709 recordNote 1 to entry: In the schema, an attribute, named “format”, of the “record” element is used to specify the MARC format used in the particular record.3.5typesub-appl
41、ication of formatNote 1 to entry: In the schema, an attribute, named “type”, of the “record” element is used to specify the application.EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record.3.6record labelfield occurring in an ISO 2709 recordNote 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a sub-eleme
42、nt, named “leader”, of the “record” element.3.7directoryindex used in ISO 2709 records3.8control fieldrecord identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709Note 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named “controlfield”, of the “record” element.3.9data fieldtype of field i
43、n ISO 2709Note 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named “datafield”, of the “record” element.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
44、itted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 25577:2013ISO 25577:2013(E)3.10tagthree characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify itNote 1 to entry: In the schema represented by an attribute, named “tag”, of the “controlfield” element and the “datafield” ele
45、ment.3.11indicatordata element in a data field in ISO 2709Note 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by attributes, named “ind1”, , “ind9”, of the “datafield” element.3.12subfieldpart of a data field in ISO 2709Note 1 to entry: In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named “sub
46、field”, of the “datafield” element3.13subfield identifierdata element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an ISO 2709 recordNote 1 to entry: In the schema, the subfield identifier characters following (the control code) is represented by a
47、n attribute, named “code”, of the “subfield” element.4 XML schema exchange of MARC records4.1 GeneralThe generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to applications of the schema are listed in Annex C.The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup
48、 of MARC records using terminology and element names consistent with ISO 2709.Though ISO 2709 does not address the notion of embedded fields, it is possible to define a hierarchical structure based on subfields. To reflect this, MarcXchange can embed fields as well as whole records, leaving it to the specific MARC-format to decide how to make use of this facility.ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.Figure 1 ISO 2709 general structureAn ISO 2709 record contains the following components:a) a record label (fixed leng
