1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 2782-1:2016Rubber, vulcanized orthermoplastic Determinationof permeability to gasesPart 1: Differential-pressure methodsBS ISO 2782-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2782-1:2016. Itsupersedes BS ISO 2782-1:20
2、12 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/22, Testing and analysis of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprov
3、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84149 1ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published un
4、der the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 2782-1:2016 ISO 2016Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of permeability to gases Part 1: Differential-pressure methodsCaoutchouc vulcanis ou ther
5、moplastique Dtermination de la permabilit aux gaz Partie 1: Mthodes pression diffrentielleINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2782-1Second edition2016-04-15Reference numberISO 2782-1:2016(E)BS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Sw
6、itzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be
7、requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)Foreword vIntro
8、duction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle 25 Pressure sensor method . 25.1 Apparatus 25.2 Calibration 45.3 Test gas 45.4 Test pieces . 55.4.1 Shape and dimensions 55.4.2 Preparation . 55.4.3 Number of test pieces 55.4.4 Measurement of thickness. 55.4.5 Time
9、interval between forming and testing . 55.5 Conditioning 55.6 Test conditions 55.7 Gas transmission area . 55.8 Procedure 65.9 Calculation and expression of results 75.9.1 Gas transmission rate 75.9.2 Gas permeability coefficient 85.9.3 Gas diffusion coefficient 85.9.4 Gas solubility coefficient . 8
10、6 Simplified pressure sensor method . 86.1 Apparatus 86.1.1 Test cell . 96.1.2 Test piece support 96.1.3 Two pressure sensors 96.1.4 Test gas supply reservoir 96.1.5 Temperature sensor 96.2 Calibration . 106.3 Test gas . 106.4 Test pieces 106.4.1 Shape and dimensions .106.4.2 Preparation 106.4.3 Num
11、ber of test pieces .106.4.4 Measurement of thickness 106.4.5 Time interval between forming and testing 106.5 Conditioning . 106.6 Test conditions . 106.7 Gas transmission area 106.8 Procedure . 106.9 Calculation and expression of results. 117 Gas-chromatographic method .117.1 Apparatus . 117.2 Calib
12、ration . 127.3 Test gas . 137.4 Carrier gas 137.5 Test pieces 137.5.1 Shape and dimensions .13 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)7.5.2 Preparation 137.5.3 Number of test pieces .137.5.4 Measurement of thickness 137.5.5 Time interval between forming and
13、testing 137.6 Conditioning . 137.7 Test conditions . 137.8 Gas transmission area 137.9 Calibration curve 137.10 Procedure . 137.11 Calculation and expression of results. 147.11.1 Gas transmission rate .147.11.2 Gas permeability coefficient . 158 Test report 15Annex A (normative) Calibration schedule
14、 17iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technic
15、al committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wi
16、th the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed
17、for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent righ
18、ts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this
19、 document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to
20、Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 2782-1:2012), which has been technical
21、ly revised. A new Clause on simplified pressure sensor method has been added (see Clause 6).ISO 2782 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of permeability to gases: Part 1: Differential-pressure methods Part 2: Equal-pressure metho
22、d ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)IntroductionThe measurement of the permeability of rubber to gases is important in the evaluation of compounds for products such as inner tubes, tubeless-tyre liners, hoses, balloons and other gas-containing products, as well as sea
23、ls and diaphragms. The measurement is also of theoretical importance in the study of the characteristics of gas diffusion and gas solubility in relation to polymer structure.This part of ISO 2782 proposes three different methods for the determination of the permeability to gases of vulcanized or the
24、rmoplastic rubber under a differential partial pressure, which are pressure sensor method which allows a complete characterization of a material, simplified pressure sensor method which is appropriate when only the gas permeability coefficient is needed (routine control, specification verification,
25、design, etc.), and gas-chromatographic method.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 2782-1:2016Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of permeability to gases Part 1: Differential-pressure methodsWARNING 1 Persons using this part of ISO 2782 should be familiar with normal laboratory pract
26、ice. This part of ISO 2782 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.WARNING 2 Certain procedures
27、specified in this part of ISO 2782 might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis part of ISO 2782 specifies t
28、hree methods for the determination of the permeability to gases of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber under a differential partial pressure.The three methods specified are as follows: pressure sensor method (using vacuum): for determining the gas transmission rate, gas permeability coefficient, gas
29、diffusion coefficient and gas solubility coefficient; simplified sensor method (using applied pressure): for determining the gas permeability coefficient only; gas-chromatographic method: for determining the gas transmission rate and gas permeability coefficient.These methods apply to vulcanized and
30、 thermoplastic rubbers of hardness not less than 35 IRHD (international rubber hardness degrees) and to both single gases and mixtures of gases.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. F
31、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 18899:2013, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipmentISO 23529:2010, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test
32、 pieces for physical test methodsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2782-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1gas transmission ratenumber of moles of test gas passing
33、 through a test piece per unit area, per unit time, with unit partial-pressure difference between the two sides of the test piece3.2gas permeability coefficientnumber of moles of test gas passing through a test piece of unit thickness, per unit area, per unit time, with unit partial-pressure differe
34、nce between the two sides of the test piece3.3gas diffusion coefficientquantity of test gas passing, by diffusion, through a test piece of unit thickness, per unit area, per unit time, where there is a unit gas concentration gradient across the test piece3.4gas solubility coefficienttest gas concent
35、ration inside a test piece divided by the partial pressure of the test gas at the surface of the test piece3.5gas transmission curvecurve, plotted against time, of the pressure change on the low-pressure side of the test cell until gas transmission reaches a steady stateNote 1 to entry: A gas transm
36、ission curve is illustrated in Figure 2.4 PrincipleThe cavity of a test cell, maintained at a constant temperature, is divided by a test piece into a high-pressure and a low-pressure side. The high-pressure side of the cell is filled with the test gas. The quantity of gas that diffuses through the t
37、est piece to the low-pressure side is determined by a pressure sensor or by a gas chromatograph.In the pressure sensor method, the gas transmission rate, gas permeability coefficient, gas diffusion coefficient and gas solubility coefficient are measured, producing an average value for a gas mixture.
38、 In the simplified pressure sensor method only the gas permeability coefficient is measured. In the gas-chromatographic method, measurements are possible on test gases containing water vapour, and it is also possible to analyse mixtures of gases to determine the components.5 Pressure sensor method5.
39、1 ApparatusThe apparatus consists of the test cell, pressure sensors, a test gas supply reservoir, a vacuum pump and associated tubing and valves. An example of a test apparatus is shown in Figure 1.5.1.1 Test cell, consisting of a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side, such that, when a test p
40、iece is mounted in it, the gas transmission area is clearly defined. The high-pressure side has an inlet port to supply test gas, and a pressure sensor is connected to the low-pressure side to detect the change in pressure caused by the gas transmitted through the test piece. The surfaces of the two
41、 halves of the cell which make contact with the test piece shall be smooth and flat to prevent any leakage of gas. A seal such as an O-ring may be used between these areas and the test piece, in which case the gas transmission rate of the seal shall be considerably lower than that of the material be
42、ing tested so that it does not affect the 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)result of the test. The material of the test cell shall be unreactive with regard to the test gas and shall not absorb the gas used. The diameter of the gas transmission area shall be within t
43、he range 10 mm to 150 mm, depending on the gas transmission rate expected.The cell shall be equipped with a heating system capable of raising the temperature to 80 C. The temperature accuracy shall be 1 C for temperatures from 40 C to 80 C.NOTE Examples of a heating system are an electric heating ja
44、cket and an oven designed to hold the test cell and test gas supply reservoir.5.1.2 Test piece support, installed on the low-pressure side of the test cell in order to prevent deformation of the test piece due to the pressure difference between the high- and low-pressure sides. Any material, such as
45、 filter paper or wire mesh, that does not affect the result of the test may be used. When using filter paper, paper such as that used in chemical analysis is recommended, of thickness 0,1 mm to 0,3 mm, depending on the depth of the low-pressure side of the cell.5.1.3 Two pressure sensors, the first,
46、 capable of reading to within 5 Pa or better, to measure the change in pressure on the low-pressure side of the test cell. A vacuum gauge with no mercury, an electronic diaphragm-type sensor or other suitable sensor shall be used as this pressure sensor. The second, capable of reading to within 1 %
47、or better, is used to measure the pressure of the test gas supply reservoir.5.1.4 Test gas supply reservoir, for supplying test gas at a constant pressure to the high-pressure side of the test cell. The volume of the reservoir shall be sufficient to ensure that the pressure drop on the high-pressure
48、 side, due to transmission of the test gas through the test piece to the low-pressure side during the test, does not exceed 1 % of the test pressure.5.1.5 Vacuum pump, capable of evacuating the test cell to a pressure of 10 Pa or lower.5.1.6 Temperature sensor, fitted in the test cell, for measuring
49、 the test temperature, and capable of reading to within 0,1 C or better. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 2782-1:2016ISO 2782-1:2016(E)Key1 high-pressure side of test cell 11 vacuum pump2 low-pressure side of test cell 12 valve 13 test piece 13 valve 24 test piece support 14 valve 35 temperature sensor 15 valve 46 sealing ring 16 signal amplifier7 test gas supply reservoir 17 pressure-reducing valve8 pressure gauge for test gas supply reservoir 18 data-processing unit9 pressure sensor for low-pressure side of
