1、Document management Portable document format Part 2: PDF 2.0 BS ISO 32000-2:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Document management Portable document format Part 2: PDF 2.0 Gestion de documents Format de document portable Partie 2: PDF 2.0
2、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 32000-2 First edition 2017-07 Reference number ISO 32000-2:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 32000-2:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IDT/1, Document Management Applications. A
3、 list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standa
4、rds Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 83219 2 ICS 37.100.99; 35.240.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued
5、since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 32000-2:2017 ISO 2017 Document management Portable document format Part 2: PDF 2.0 Gestion de documents Format de document portable Partie 2: PDF 2.0 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 32000-2 First edition 2017-07 Reference number ISO 32000-2:2017
6、(E) BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyin
7、g, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 0
8、1 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 2017 All rights reserved ii BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized oth
9、erwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright offic
10、e Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 2017 All rights reserved ii ISO 32000-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword . vii Introduction viii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative referenc
11、es . 2 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Notation . 15 4.1 General . 15 4.2 Established notations 15 5 Version designations . 17 6 Conformance 18 6.1 General . 18 6.2 Conforming PDF documents 18 6.3 PDF processors 18 7 Syntax . 20 7.1 General . 20 7.2 Lexical conventions 21 7.3 Objects 23 7.4 Filters . 34
12、 7.5 File structure 52 7.6 Encryption 70 7.7 Document structure . 95 7.8 Content streams and resources 109 7.9 Common data structures 113 7.10 Functions . 121 7.11 File specifications . 130 7.12 Extensions dictionary 139 8 Graphics . 142 8.1 General . 142 8.2 Graphics objects 142 8.3 Coordinate syst
13、ems 146 8.4 Graphics state 153 8.5 Path construction and painting 165 8.6 Colour spaces . 173 8.7 Patterns . 216 BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved 8.8 External objects 250 8.9 Images 251 8.10 Form XObjects . 267 8.11 Optional content . 273 9 Text . 290 9.1 Genera
14、l 290 9.2 Organisation and use of fonts . 290 9.3 Text state parameters and operators 297 9.4 Text objects 303 9.5 Introduction to font data structures 308 9.6 Simple fonts . 309 9.7 Composite fonts 324 9.8 Font descriptors . 340 9.9 Embedded font programs 348 9.10 Extraction of text content 352 10
15、Rendering . 357 10.1 General 357 10.2 Raster output device native colour. 358 10.3 CIE-Based colour to device colour. 358 10.4 Conversions among device colour spaces 358 10.5 Transfer functions . 361 10.6 Halftones . 362 10.7 Scan conversion details 379 10.8 Rendering for separations 382 11 Transpar
16、ency 384 11.1 General 384 11.2 Overview of transparency . 384 11.3 Basic compositing computations. 386 11.4 Transparency groups 399 11.5 Soft masks . 411 11.6 Specifying transparency in PDF . 412 11.7 Colour space and rendering issues . 422 12 Interactive features . 434 12.1 General 434 12.2 Viewer
17、preferences . 434 12.3 Document-level navigation . 438 12.4 Page-level navigation 455 12.5 Annotations 462 BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved 8.8 External objects 250 8.9 Images 251 8.10 Form XObjects . 267 8.11 Optional content . 273 9 Text . 290 9.1 General 290
18、9.2 Organisation and use of fonts . 290 9.3 Text state parameters and operators 297 9.4 Text objects 303 9.5 Introduction to font data structures 308 9.6 Simple fonts . 309 9.7 Composite fonts 324 9.8 Font descriptors . 340 9.9 Embedded font programs 348 9.10 Extraction of text content 352 10 Render
19、ing . 357 10.1 General 357 10.2 Raster output device native colour. 358 10.3 CIE-Based colour to device colour. 358 10.4 Conversions among device colour spaces 358 10.5 Transfer functions . 361 10.6 Halftones . 362 10.7 Scan conversion details 379 10.8 Rendering for separations 382 11 Transparency 3
20、84 11.1 General 384 11.2 Overview of transparency . 384 11.3 Basic compositing computations. 386 11.4 Transparency groups 399 11.5 Soft masks . 411 11.6 Specifying transparency in PDF . 412 11.7 Colour space and rendering issues . 422 12 Interactive features . 434 12.1 General 434 12.2 Viewer prefer
21、ences . 434 12.3 Document-level navigation . 438 12.4 Page-level navigation 455 12.5 Annotations 462 ISO 32000-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved v 12.6 Actions . 502 12.7 Forms 524 12.8 Digital signatures 563 12.9 Measurement properties 591 12.10 Geospatial features 597 12.11 Document requireme
22、nts 602 13 Multimedia features. 610 13.1 General . 610 13.2 Multimedia 610 13.3 Sounds 633 13.4 Movies 634 13.5 Alternate presentations 636 13.6 3D Artwork . 638 13.7 Rich media 696 14 Document interchange 709 14.1 General . 709 14.2 Procedure sets . 709 14.3 Metadata 710 14.4 File identifiers . 714
23、 14.5 Page-piece dictionaries . 715 14.6 Marked content . 716 14.7 Logical structure . 718 14.8 Tagged PDF . 741 14.9 Repurposing and accessibility support . 789 14.10 Web capture . 795 14.11 Prepress support 807 14.12 Document parts . 827 14.13 Associated files 831 Annex A (informative) Operator Su
24、mmary . 837 Annex B (informative) Operators in Type 4 Functions . 841 Annex C (informative) Advice on maximising portability . 843 Annex D (normative) Character sets and encodings . 846 Annex E (normative) PDF Name Registry . 870 Annex F (normative) Linearized PDF . 872 Annex G (informative) Lineari
25、zed PDF access strategies 894 Annex H (informative) Example PDF files 898 Annex I (normative) PDF versions and compatibility . 928 Annex J (informative) XObject comparison 930 BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved Annex K (normative) XFA forms . 936 Annex L (normativ
26、e) Parent-child relationships between standard structure elements . 939 Annex M (informative) Standard structure elements in the default (PDF 1.7) namespace 958 Annex N (informative) Best practice for halftones 959 Annex O (normative) Fragment identifiers . 962 Annex P (informative) An algorithm to
27、determine the actual blending colour space of a transparency group . 965 Annex Q (normative) Method for determining transparency on a page . 967 Bibliography 969 BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved Annex K (normative) XFA forms . 936 Annex L (normative) Parent-chil
28、d relationships between standard structure elements . 939 Annex M (informative) Standard structure elements in the default (PDF 1.7) namespace 958 Annex N (informative) Best practice for halftones 959 Annex O (normative) Fragment identifiers . 962 Annex P (informative) An algorithm to determine the
29、actual blending colour space of a transparency group . 965 Annex Q (normative) Method for determining transparency on a page . 967 Bibliography 969 ISO 32000-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved vii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nati
30、onal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internat
31、ional organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intend
32、ed for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.i
33、so.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document wi
34、ll be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the mean
35、ing of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. This document was prepared by Techni
36、cal Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. A list of all the parts of ISO 32000 can be found on the ISO website. BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) viii ISO 2017 All
37、rights reserved Introduction 0.1 PDF PDF enables users to exchange and view electronic documents easily and reliably, independent of the environment in which they were created or the environment in which they are viewed or printed. At the core of PDF is an advanced imaging model derived from the Pos
38、tScript 1page description language. This PDF Imaging Model enables the description of text and graphics in a device-independent and resolution-independent manner at a complete, precise and professional level. Unlike PostScript, which is a programming language, PDF is based on a structured binary fil
39、e format that is optimised for high performance in interactive viewing. PDF includes objects such as annotations and hypertext links that are not part of the page content itself but are useful for interactive viewing and document interchange. PDF also includes data structures such as tagged PDF, XMP
40、 and an associated files mechanism, that are useful for document management and content reuse. PDF files can be created natively in PDF form, converted from other electronic formats. Since PDF supports a wide range of image and compression technologies, it is a suitable format for documents digitise
41、d from paper, microform, or other hard copy formats. Businesses, governments, libraries, archives and other institutions and individuals around the world use PDF to represent considerable bodies of important information. Since its introduction in 1993, aided by the explosive growth of the Internet,
42、PDF has become widely used for the electronic exchange of documents. There are several specific applications of PDF that have evolved in which limiting the use of some features of PDF while requiring the use of others, enhances the usefulness of PDF. The following International Standards address spe
43、cialised uses of PDF: PDF/X (ISO 15930) is the industry standard for the intermediate representation of printed material in electronic prepress systems for conventional printing applications. PDF/A (ISO 19005) is the industry standard for the archiving of digital documents. PDF/UA (ISO 14289) is the
44、 industry standard for accessible PDF documents and processors. PDF/E (ISO 24517) provides a mechanism for representing engineering documents and exchanging engineering data. PDF/VT (ISO 16612-2) is for high volume printing of personalised documents including variable data. As corporations, governme
45、nt agencies, and educational institutions streamline their operations by replacing paper-based workflows with electronic exchange of information, the impact and opportunity for the application of PDF will continue to grow at a rapid pace. PDF, together with software for creating, viewing, printing a
46、nd processing PDF files in a variety of ways, fulfils a set of requirements for electronic documents including: 1PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the produ
47、ct named BS ISO 32000-2:2017ISO 32000-2:2017(E) viii ISO 2017 All rights reserved Introduction 0.1 PDF PDF enables users to exchange and view electronic documents easily and reliably, independent of the environment in which they were created or the environment in which they are viewed or printed. At
48、 the core of PDF is an advanced imaging model derived from the PostScript 1page description language. This PDF Imaging Model enables the description of text and graphics in a device-independent and resolution-independent manner at a complete, precise and professional level. Unlike PostScript, which
49、is a programming language, PDF is based on a structured binary file format that is optimised for high performance in interactive viewing. PDF includes objects such as annotations and hypertext links that are not part of the page content itself but are useful for interactive viewing and document interchange. PDF also includes data structures such as tagged PDF, XMP and an associated files mechanism, that are useful for document management and content reuse. PDF files can be created natively in PDF form,
