1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 7176-1:2014WheelchairsPart 1: Determination of static stabilityBS ISO 7176-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7176-1:2014. Itsupersedes BS ISO 7176-1:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prepara
2、tion was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. Th
3、e British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76309 0ICS 11.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 O
4、ctober 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 7176-1:2014 ISO 2014Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stabilityFauteuils roulants Partie 1: Dtermination de la stabilit statiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO7176-1Third edition2014-10-01Reference numberISO 7176-1:2014(E)BS
5、 ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or
6、 posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyr
7、ightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principles . 24.1 Static stability 24.2 Effectiveness of anti-tip devices . 45
8、 Apparatus . 46 Set-up procedure 57 General test procedure 68 Test for static stability in the forward direction . 68.1 General . 68.2 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration 78.3 Downhill wheels locked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration . 88.4 Wheels u
9、nlocked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration 108.5 Downhill wheels locked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration .119 Test for static stability in the rearward direction .119.1 General 119.2 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration .129.3 Wheel
10、s locked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration 139.4 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration 159.5 Wheels locked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration .1510 Test for static stability, lateral orientation .1510.1 General 1510.2 Wheelchair in th
11、e least stable configuration . 1610.3 Wheelchair in the most stable configuration .2111 Test for static stability with forward or rearward anti-tip devices 2111.1 General 2111.2 Anti-tip devices in the least effective configuration 2111.3 Anti-tip devices in the most effective configuration 2411.4 T
12、est for effectiveness of anti-tip devices 2512 Test report 2613 Information disclosure .27Annex A (informative) Means to prevent wheels or posts from sliding .28BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
13、standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
14、 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for
15、 its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org
16、/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be i
17、n the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions re
18、lated to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disabil
19、ity, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7176-1:1999), all clauses, sub-clauses, tables, figures, and annexes of which have been technically revised.ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Deter
20、mination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass a
21、nd manoeuvring space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs Part 1
22、0: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: Power and control systems for electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters Requirements and test methodsiv ISO 2014 All
23、 rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of postural support devices Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehicles Part 21: Requirements and test methods f
24、or electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers Part 22: Set-up procedures Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary Part 28: Requirements and test methods for stair-climbing devicesA Technical Report (ISO/TR 1
25、3570-1) is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)IntroductionIt is important to know the static-stability characteristics of a wheelchair for prescription and adjustment purposes. Some occupants ne
26、ed large reserves of stability to ensure their safety while others prefer finely balanced wheelchairs which have better manoeuvrability. Static stability is only one factor affecting dynamic stability, others being the position of the wheelchair operator in the wheelchair, the skill of the wheelchai
27、r operator, the manner in which the wheelchair is propelled, and the environment in which the wheelchair is operated.This part of ISO 7176 specifies tests in which static stability is measured with parking brake(s) applied, as is the case if the wheelchair is standing on a slope. Tests are also made
28、 with the wheels unlocked, simulating the situation where the wheelchair is standing on a slope with the wheels against obstacles, the situation on a level surface with the wheels unlocked and the wheelchair occupant reaching for an object, or instability while rolling. Tests are also made that dete
29、rmine the static stability of the wheelchair when it is protected against tipping over by a forward and/or rearward anti-tip device, and the effectiveness of those anti-tip devices if the wheelchair tips in that direction.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 71
30、76-1:2014(E)Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stability1 ScopeThis part of ISO 7176 specifies test methods for determining the static stability of wheelchairs. It is applicable to manual and electrically powered wheelchairs, including scooters, with a maximum speed not greater than 15 km/h
31、, intended to provide indoor and/or outdoor mobility for one disabled person whose mass is within the range represented by ISO 7176-11.For active stability-controlled wheelchairs, this part of ISO 7176 applies to the device in a stable, parked state.This part of ISO 7176 provides a method for the me
32、asurement of the tipping angles (either wheelchair tipping angle or anti-tip device tipping angle), but this method is not applicable to wheelchairs with lateral anti-tip devices and does not consider sliding on the ground.This part of ISO 7176 also includes requirements for test reports and informa
33、tion disclosure.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (incl
34、uding any amendments) applies.ISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummiesISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labellingISO 7176-22, Wheelchairs Part 22: Set-up proceduresISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor
35、the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 7176-26 and the following apply.3.1active stability-controlled wheelchairwheelchair that actively controls or enhances its stability (by electronic or other means) when static and/or when in motion3.2anti-tip devicedevice which limits t
36、he extent of tipping of a wheelchairNote 1 to entry: Anti-tip devices can operate in forward, rearward, or lateral directions. Some anti-tip devices have a spring suspension. Some running wheels can act as anti-tip devices, but their primary function is to be running wheels. Foot supports can serve
37、as anti-tip devices if the manufacturer designates that they are intended to serve in that capacity. A change in the wheelchair configuration or control characteristics to enhance stability is not considered an anti-tip device. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)3.3ant
38、i-tip device tipping angleangle of the test platform from the horizontal at which the wheelchair starts to tip about the anti-tip device3.4contact pointmidpoint of the region of contact between a wheel or other part of the wheelchair and the groundNote 1 to entry: In the test procedures specified in
39、 this part of ISO 7176, the ground can be the test platform or its covering that lies between the test platform and the wheel or the post.3.5force detection pointpoint at which the force under an uphill wheel is monitoredNote 1 to entry: This can be determined as the point at which a sheet of paper
40、will slide between the wheel and the contact surface.3.6lockable wheelwheel equipped with parking brake, or wheel whose rolling motion is prevented by the means of propulsion (e.g. by hands, levers, motors)3.7non-lockable wheelwheel that is not a lockable wheel3.8parked statestatic position that wil
41、l allow the occupant to transfer into or out of the seat3.9running wheelwheel that normally runs on the surface while the wheelchair is travelling at a constant speed on a level surface3.10wheelchair tipping angleangle of the test platform from the horizontal at which the vertical projection of the
42、centre of mass moves outside of a polygon connecting the contact points of all the running wheels (to be assessed by empirical measure)Note 1 to entry: The instant at which the wheelchair starts to tip is reached when the forces become zero under all uphill running wheels (i.e. one edge of the polyg
43、on lies directly below the centre of mass).Note 2 to entry: A number of methods are available with which to determine when the forces become zero under the uphill wheels. These include, but are not limited to, the following: the ability to pull pieces of paper from beneath the wheels, visual identif
44、ication of when the wheels lift from the test platform, or the use of force-sensing instrumentation.4 Principles4.1 Static stabilityTheoretically, a loaded wheelchair is statically stable as long as the gravity force line from the centre of mass is inside the area on the ground that is confined by t
45、he outline of the contact points (see 3.4) of its wheels. Wheelchair stability increases as the angle between a vertical plane through the axis of tip and a plane that contains the centre of mass and the axis of tip increases. A wheelchair will tip when it is tilted beyond this measured angle (see F
46、igure 1) about the axis of tip. The wheelchairs can either tip about the 2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)contact point when the wheels are locked or about the wheel axle when the wheels are unlocked (see Figure 1).Since the location of the centre of mass is not know
47、n, it is not possible to measure the tipping angle directly. Therefore it is determined with the wheelchair on an adjustable slope test platform. The angle of the slope on which the wheelchair starts to tip is measured. The angle of the test platform represents the tipping angle.a) wheelchair with w
48、heels locked ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)b) wheelchair with wheels unlockedKey1 centre of mass of wheelchair plus dummy2 vertical3 axis of tip when wheel is locked4 wheelchair tipping angle when wheel is locked5 axis of tip when wheel is unlocked6 wheelchair tip
49、ping angle when wheel is unlockedFigure 1 Demonstration of wheelchair tipping angles (example in rearward direction)In the case of a test with unlocked wheels, the axis of tip lies in the wheel axles, and the relevant centre of gravity is that of the loaded wheelchair excluding the mass of the unlocked wheels about the wheelchair tips.NOTE Since this is a rather minor effect, it is not explicitly shown in the figures of this part of ISO 7176.4.2 Effectiveness of anti-tip devicesThe wheelchair is brought to a situation i
