1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 834-11:2014Fire resistance tests Elements of buildingconstructionPart 11: Specific requirements for theassessment of fire protection to structuralsteel elementsBS ISO 834-11:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 83
2、4-11:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/22/-/2, Fire resistance tests - Interpolation andExtrapolation of Test Results for Loadbearing Elements andProtection Systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to i
3、ts secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 85619 8ICS 13.220.50Compliance with a British Standard c
4、annot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 834-11:2014 ISO 2014Fire resistance tests Elements of building constructio
5、n Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to structural steel elementsEssais de rsistance au feu lments de construction Partie 11: Exigences spcifiques dvaluation de la protection au feu appliques aux lments des structures en acierINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO834-11First edi
6、tion2014-03-01Reference numberISO 834-11:2014(E)BS ISO 834-11:2014ISO 834-11:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, el
7、ectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel.
8、+ 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 834-11:2014ISO 834-11:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Symbols and abbreviated terms
9、 . 35 Assessment . 65.1 General . 65.2 Temperature data . 65.3 Correction for discrepancy in stickability and insulation performance over the thickness range tested . 75.4 Assessment procedures for thermal performance 75.5 Criteria for acceptability of the assessment method used and the resulting an
10、alysis 76 Report of the assessment. 87 Limits of the applicability of the results of the assessment. 97.1 General . 97.2 Permitted protection thickness for beams 107.3 Permitted protection thickness for columns .107.4 Permitted section factor for beams 107.5 Permitted section factor for columns . 10
11、7.6 Specific issues for passive protection . 11Annex A (normative) The applicability of the results of the assessments for passive protection to sections other than I or H sections .12Annex B (normative) Correction of data/nominal thickness 14Annex C (informative) Assessment methodology: Graphical a
12、pproach 19Annex D (informative) Assessment methodology: Differential equation analysis (variable approach) .25Annex E (informative) Assessment methodology: Differential equation analysis (constant approach) .31Annex F (informative) Assessment methodology: Numerical regression analysis .34Annex G (in
13、formative) Assessment methodology: 3D Interpolation method (reactive systems) .36Annex H (normative) Selection of test specimens Reactive materials 41Annex I (normative) Selection of test specimens Passive materials .47Bibliography .53BS ISO 834-11:2014ISO 834-11:2014(E)ForewordISO (the Internationa
14、l Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been es
15、tablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardi
16、zation.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance w
17、ith the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of an
18、y patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsemen
19、t.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible
20、for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire containment.ISO 834 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Guidance on measuring uniformity of furnace exposure on test
21、 samples Technical Report Part 3: Commentary on test method and guide to the application of the outputs from the fire-resistance test Technical Report Part 4: Specific requirements for loadbearing vertical separating elements Part 5: Specific requirements for loadbearing horizontal separating elemen
22、ts Part 6: Specific requirements for beams Part 7: Specific requirements for columns Part 8: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements Part 9: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing ceiling elements Part 10: Specific requirements to determine the contribution of appli
23、ed fire protection materials to structural steel elements Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to structural steel elements Part 12: Specific requirements for separating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnacesiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 834-11:20
24、14ISO 834-11:2014(E)IntroductionTechnological advances in the fire protection of structural steelwork have resulted in a range of materials being developed that are now in widespread use throughout the building construction industry. These are broadly categorized as intumescent coatings, sprays, ren
25、ders, and boards and are often referred to as lightweight systems in comparison to the some of the more traditional materials such as brick, block, and concrete.Fire protection materials reduce the rate of temperature rise of steel members when exposed to fire by a variety of methods. Apart from inf
26、luencing heat transfer mechanism, such as conduction, convection, and radiation, they often involve thermo-physical transformations, exothermic chemical reactions, as well as shape changes that increase the thickness of the material and delay the rate at which the underlying steel substrate heats up
27、. Relatively simple changes such as the release of free moisture at around 100 C, or water of crystallization and sublimation, which all occur within specific temperature ranges, often result in a plateau of rising temperature versus time of varying magnitude depending upon the type of material and
28、even the way in which it is applied to the steel substrate.Understanding the behaviour of fire protection materials is complicated, not least when the physical/ chemical reactions and changes in thermal properties occur at different temperatures and at different rates, depending on their chemical co
29、nstitution and reaction temperature. This makes the development of suitable standards for testing and quantifying their behaviour as insulation materials difficult.In addition, with recent advances in structural fire engineering in which steel members are no longer considered to fail at a unique tem
30、perature, information on fire protection thicknesses is a requirement that can be specified over a range of limiting temperatures depending upon the type of loading system (bending, shear, tension, and compression), the magnitude of the applied loads, and the degree of exposure of the surface with r
31、espect to the fire/furnace.Therefore, to rationalize the behaviour of fire protection products for protecting structural steelwork into simple design tables that manufacturers can use to specify their products involves the permutation of a large number of parameters.In Europe, the development of tes
32、ting and assessment protocols for fire protecting structural steel commenced during the 1990s under a European mandate within CEN TC127 (Fire resistance tests) and was the beginning of drafting European standards such as DD ENV YYY5. Since then, fire protection manufacturers in collaboration with th
33、e test laboratories throughout Europe have developed a series of test packages and assessment methods over the past 15 years which have been through a rigorous appraisal process by the fire protection industry. This work has culminated in the drafting of EN 13381 Parts 4 and 8 which broadly cover pa
34、ssive and reactive products.Some of the key issues in developing these standards have been identifying the number of specimens required in a test package to characterize the performance of a fire protection product over the range of fire resistance times, applicable section factors, type of structur
35、al element, and design temperature. In addition, because of the vagaries in fire resistance testing, it has been necessary to establish a rationale for applying correction factors to the test results for use in the assessment process partly to maximize the validity of the data and keep the costs of
36、testing to a minimum.In Europe, four assessment methods have been developed, referred to as Graphical method, Differential equation analysis (variable l), Differential equation analysis (constant l), and Numerical regression analysis. Each method has been through a process of validation and are now
37、included in the standards EN 13381 Parts 4 and 8.In this part of ISO 834, the four methods have been directly incorporated into the standard and technically are identical to the European counterparts. However, it is recognized that other assessment methods may be suitable and therefore this part of
38、ISO 834 provides a set of criteria for their acceptability. One such method which has undergone an evaluation process and meets the criteria for acceptability is the 3D method developed in the UK and currently used for reactive materials. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 834-11:2014ISO 834-11:20
39、14(E)The 3D assessment was formerly presented as a published research paper at the SC2/WG2 meeting in Kyoto, Japan in November 2006 (N414). Since 2006, it has been published and presented in various forms in the technical journals and seminars and is now included in the Dutch Standard NEN 7878 (2011
40、) and the Dutch Fire Safety Handbook (2011).This part of ISO 834 recognizes that some assessment method/s are more suited to particular types of fire protection materials, and for this reason, they are presented as Informative Annexes, which enables freedom of choice in their application. However, o
41、nly a single method can be used for the assessment process for a particular data set and cannot be mixed.This part of ISO 834 specifies methods for assessing fire protection systems applied to structural steel members, employed in buildings as beams, columns, or tension members. This part of ISO 834
42、 is intended for use in conjunction with the testing described in ISO 834-10.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 834-11:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 834-11:2014(E)Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to struc
43、tural steel elements1 ScopeThe assessment detailed in this part of ISO 834 is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the fire protection material, a range of steel sections characterized by their section factors, a range of design temperatures, and a range of valid fire resistance classificatio
44、n periods.This part of ISO 834 covers fire protection systems that include both passive (boards, mats, slabs, and spray materials) and reactive materials as defined in this document.The assessment procedure is used to establisha) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing loaded and u
45、nloaded specimens, a correction factor and practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system (the physical performance) andb) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing unloaded short steel specimens, the thermal properties of the fire protection material (the thermal per
46、formance).The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment are defined together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel section sizes and strength grades (but not stainless steels) and to the fire protection system tested. The results of the tests obtained acc
47、ording to ISO 834-10 and the assessment in this part of ISO 834 are directly applicable to steel sections of “I” and “H” cross-sectional shape and hollow sections. Results from analysis of I or H sections are directly applicable to angles, channels, and T-sections for the same section factor, whethe
48、r used as individual elements or as part of a fabricated steel truss.The results of the assessment are applicable to fabricated sections.This part of ISO 834 does not apply to concrete-filled hollow sections, beams, or columns containing holes or openings of any type or solid bar.Any assessment meth
49、od is acceptable provided it meets the acceptability criteria given in 5.5. Examples of assessment methods in common use are given in Annexes C to G.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 834-1, Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construct
