1、Guidance on clearances and creepage distances in particular for distances equal to or less than 2 mm Test results ofresearch on influencing parametersPD IEC/TR 63040:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the U
2、K implementation of IEC/TR 63040:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/109, Insulation co-ordination for low voltage equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not pur
3、port to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 93072 0ICS 29.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligatio
4、ns.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040 Edition 1.0 2016-09 TECHNICAL REPORT Guidance on clearances
5、 and creepage distances in particular for distances equal to or less than 2 mm Test results of research on influencing parameters INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.080.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-3656-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure th
6、at you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colourinsidePD IEC/TR 63040:2016 2 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Fundamental aspects and phenomena of clearance and creepage distances.
7、 9 4.1 Mutual correlation of insulation characteristics with regard to environmental conditions . 9 4.2 Pollution . 9 4.2.1 General . 9 4.2.2 Humidity level (HL) . 10 4.2.3 Relation of humidity levels to macro-environment . 10 4.2.4 Comparative tracking index (CTI) . 11 4.2.5 Flashover characteristi
8、cs 11 5 Clearances and creepage distances . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Clearances . 12 5.2.1 Influencing criteria . 12 5.2.2 Altitude 14 5.3 Creepage distances 16 5.3.1 General . 16 5.3.2 Influencing factors 16 5.3.3 Dimensioning of creepage distances of functional insulation . 22 6 Additional informat
9、ion regarding creepage distance characteristics surface current over a creepage distance (minimum insulation resistance) 22 7 Water adsorption test . 24 7.1 Object . 24 7.2 Withstand characteristics of creepage distances under high humidity . 24 7.3 Recommended test method . 25 7.3.1 Test specimen .
10、 25 7.3.2 Measurement of the impulse withstand voltage . 25 7.3.3 Procedure for characterization of the insulating materials 25 7.4 Definitions of the water adsorption groups . 26 8 Dimensioning diagrams 28 9 Withstand voltage test for creepage distance under humidity conditions 32 Bibliography . 33
11、 Figure 1 Clearances in air for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to withstand transient overvoltages up to 2 000 m above sea level . 14 Figure 2 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid failure due to tracking 19 Figure 3 Creepage distances for
12、 mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid flashover . 21 Figure 4 Creepage distances required to maintain minimum insulation resistance 24 Figure 5 Layout of the test specimen 27 PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 3 Figure 6 Test circuit . 27 Figure 7 Critical relative h
13、umidity of insulating materials . 28 Figure 8 Diagram for dimensioning of clearances 2 mm for circuits directly connected to the supply mains (for low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 29 Figure 9 Diagram for dimensioning of clearances 2 mm for circuits not directly connected to the supply mains (for
14、 low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 30 Figure 10 Diagram for dimensioning of creepage distances 2 mm (for low-voltage equipment up to 2 000 m) 31 Figure 11 Withstand voltage test for creepage distance under humidity conditions . 32 Table 1 Relation of the humidity levels to macro-environments 10 T
15、able 2 Clearances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to withstand transient overvoltages . 13 Table 3 Clearances to withstand steady-state voltages, temporary overvoltages or recurring peak voltages . 15 Table 4 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristic
16、s in equipment to avoid failure due to tracking . 18 Table 5 Creepage distances for mutual correlation of insulation characteristics to avoid flashover . 20 Table 6 Minimum insulation resistance . 22 Table 7 Creepage distances to maintain minimum insulation resistance (without condensation) . 23 PD
17、IEC/TR 63040:2016 4 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDANCE ON CLEARANCES AND CREEPAGE DISTANCES IN PARTICULAR FOR DISTANCES EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 2 mm TEST RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING PARAMETERS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission
18、 (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in add
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21、h conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested I
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26、s of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or
27、any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may
28、 be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it has collected d
29、ata of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 63040, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 109: Insulation co-ordination for low-voltage equipment. The text of this Technical Repo
30、rt is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 109/140/DTR 109/144/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 5 This publication
31、 has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this dat
32、e, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be us
33、eful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 6 IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION This document provides information on printed board assemblies and other equivalent plane arrangements of insulation,
34、where the clearance and the creepage distance follows the same path along the surface of solid insulation. This document is based on German research data published in May 1989 9, 101. SC 28A, the predecessor of TC 109, began analysing this research data in November 1990. The following points provide
35、 background information to the research. The research was carried out on test samples that were manufactured with the same technology being used for printed circuit boards (PCBs) with selected spacing of circuit patterns from 0,16 mm to 6,3 mm. Ten types of materials were used for the test samples.
36、The influence of manufacturing operations on the surface of a material, for example moulding or machining, was not part of this research project. The test samples were placed in different locations, such as large city, rural, industrial, desert, sea side, and periodically exposed to a voltage stress
37、 and the data was accumulated over a long period of time. _ 1 Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography. PD IEC/TR 63040:2016IEC TR 63040:2016 IEC 2016 7 GUIDANCE ON CLEARANCES AND CREEPAGE DISTANCES IN PARTICULAR FOR DISTANCES EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 2 mm TEST RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON INFLUE
38、NCING PARAMETERS 1 Scope This document describes test results of research on dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances, for spacing equal to or less than 2 mm for printed wiring material and other equivalent arrangements of insulation, where the clearance and the creepage distance follows th
39、e same path along the surface of solid insulation. The information contained in this document is the result of research only and cannot be used for dimensioning the clearances and creepage distances for equipment within low-voltage systems, where IEC 60664-1 applies. However distances can be taken i
40、nto account for functional reasons. This document provides results of research related to the following criteria: 1) clearances independent from the micro-environment; 2) creepage distances for pollution degree 1, 2 and 3 which extends the use of smaller distances to products having design features
41、similar to printed circuit boards; 3) creepage distances to avoid flashover of the insulating surface; 4) information on minimum creepage distances to maintain minimum insulation resistance. A test method for the evaluation of the relevant water adsorption group for the surface of any insulating mat
42、erial which has not yet been classified is described. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, th
43、e latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
44、IEC 60664-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp PD IEC/TR 63040:2016 8 IEC TR 63040:20
45、16 IEC 2016 3.1 inhomogeneous field non-uniform field electric field which does not have an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes Note 1 to entry: The inhomogeneous field condition of a point-plane electrode configuration is the worst case with regard to voltage withstand capabili
46、ty and is referred to as case A. It is represented by a point electrode having a 30 m radius and a plane of 1 m 1 m. 3.2 homogeneous field uniform field electric field which has an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes Note 1 to entry: The electric field between two spheres where
47、the radius of each sphere is greater than the distance between them is an example of a homogeneous field (case B). 3.3 electrical breakdown failure of insulation under electric stress when the discharge completely bridges the insulation, thus reducing the voltage between the electrodes almost to zer
48、o Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document the above definition is used, as the definition in IEC 60050-212:2010, 212-11-33 1 is broader than the scope of this document. 3.4 flashover electrical breakdown along a surface of solid insulation located in a gaseous or liquid medium Note 1 to e
49、ntry: For the purposes of this document the above definition is used, as the definition in IEC 60050-212, 212-11-47 is broader than the scope of this document. 3.5 humidity level HL level defining the expected humidity influences in the micro-environment and expressed numerically 3.6 water adsorption capability of an insulating material to adsorb water on its surface 3.7 critical relative humidity value of the relative humidity whe
