1、 CEA Bulletin A Floor-to-Ceiling Guide for Residential Speaker Systems CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A August 2012 NOTICE Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)/Custom Electronic Design and Installation Association (CEDIA) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public inte
2、rest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins a
3、nd other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA/CEDIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publicat
4、ions preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA/CEDIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA/CEDIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) paten
5、t policy. By such action, CEA/CEDIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This document does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all ap
6、plicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. This document is copyrighted by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)/Custom
7、Electronic Design and Installation Association (CEDIA) and may not be reproduced, in whole or part, without written permission. Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized reproduction of this document by any means. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies by ente
8、ring into a license agreement. Requests to reproduce text, data, charts, figures or other material should be made to CEA/CEDIA. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CEA/CEDIA R10 Residential Systems Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION/ CUSTOM ELECTRONIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATI
9、ON ASSOCIATION 2012 www.CE.org www.CEDIA.org All rights reserved CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A i The following members of the CEA/CEDIA R10 WG1 Home Theater Audio Working Group contributed to the development of this document. Ernie Coleman, Philips Electronics N.A. Tom Cumberland, Audio Authority Dr. Floyd Tool
10、e, Harman International Todd Welti, Harman International Anthony Grimani, Performance Media Leo Rozendaal, Philips Electronics Jason Zagnit, Polk Audio Joshua Kairoff, Sharp Electronics Walt Zerbe, Legrand CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A ii (This page intentionally left blank.) CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A iii FOREWORD This
11、 recommended practice was developed by the Consumer Electronics Associations Audio Systems Committee and is now being maintained by the joint CEA and Custom Electronic Design and Installation Association (CEDIA) R10 Residential Systems Committee. This document focuses on wiring and practices that pe
12、rtain to the majority of situations that an installer might face. Every installation is unique and specific requirements for a particular one might require additional or specialized wiring that supports unique systems or devices. CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A iv (This page intentionally left blank.) CEA/CEDIA-C
13、EB17-A v Table of Contents 1 SCOPE 1 2 REFERENCES 1 2.1 Informative References 1 2.1.1 Informative Reference List . 1 2.1.2 Informative Reference Acquisition . 1 2.2 Compliance Notation 1 2.3 Symbols and Abbreviations 2 2.4 Definitions . 2 2.5 General Considerations for Loudspeakers in Rooms 3 2.5.1
14、 Room Acoustics 3 2.5.2 Room Reflections 4 2.5.3 Critical Listening Scenario Two Channel 5 2.5.4 Critical Listening Scenario Multi-Channel Surround Audio/Theater . 5 3 DESIGNING AND INSTALLING SPEAKER SYSTEMS . 5 3.1 Potential Speaker Locations 5 3.1.1 Loudspeaker Interference Effects 6 3.1.2 Mono v
15、ersus Stereo Distribution . 6 3.1.3 Miscellaneous Speaker Placement Recommendations 6 3.1.4 Walls . 6 3.1.4.1 In-Wall Speakers 7 3.1.4.2 On-wall Speakers . 7 3.1.4.3 Outside of Exterior Walls (Outside Shell) 7 3.1.5 Fire Rated Partitions . 8 3.1.6 Ceilings 8 3.1.7 Dropped Ceilings. 8 3.1.8 Attics .
16、8 3.1.9 Outdoor Locations 9 3.2 Installation of Speakers . 9 3.2.1 Construction Materials . 9 CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A vi 3.2.2 Building Aids . 10 3.2.3 Issues Related to Specific Installations . 10 3.2.3.1 Installing Speakers Outdoors . 10 3.2.3.1.1 Cable Terminations . 10 3.2.3.1.2 Eave Mounting 11 3.2.3
17、.1.3 Surface Mounting . 11 3.2.3.1.4 Ground Mounting . 12 3.2.3.1.5 Deck Mounting . 12 3.2.4 Issues Related to Specific Speaker Types and Installations 12 3.2.4.1 Subwoofers 12 3.2.4.2 Free Standing . 13 3.2.4.2.1 Active 13 3.2.4.2.2 Passive 14 3.2.4.3 In-Wall . 14 3.2.5 Speakers in Cabinets . 15 3.
18、2.5.1 Speaker-Friendly Cabinet Construction . 15 3.2.5.2 Speaker-Friendly Speaker Grille Techniques . 15 3.2.6.1 Ceiling Speaker Position 16 3.3 Cabling 20 3.3.1 Cable Separation. 21 3.4 Determining Necessary Acoustical Power for Application . 22 3.5 Determining Speaker Driver Sizes for Application/
19、Room Size . 22 3.6 Determining Power Requirements for Application/Room Size 23 3.7 How to Maintain a Safe Speaker Load on an Amplifier or Receiver . 25 4 Final Testing . 27 4.1 Finding the Polarity of an Installed Speaker with a 9 Volt Battery . 27 Annex A: Connection Types 28 Line Level 28 Speaker
20、Level 28 High Impedance 28 Low Impedance . 28 CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A vii Annex B: Multi-Channel Audio systems . 29 Multi-Channel Audio . 29 Configurations. 29 Two-Channel Audio. 29 Five Channel Audio . 29 Subwoofer Locations 29 ANNEX C: Cable Jacket Ratings . 31 Cable Jacket Ratings 31 CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A
21、viii (This page intentionally left blank.) CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A 1 A Floor-to-Ceiling Guide for Residential Speaker Systems Planning, Selection and Installation for Optimum Performance 1 SCOPE This recommended practice is an informative reference for the installation, application and placement of speake
22、rs in residential environments. 2 REFERENCES 2.1 Informative References 2.1.1 Informative Reference List ANSI/CEA/CEDIA-863-B, Connection Color Codes for Home Theater Systems, February, 2011 ANSI/CEA/CEDIA-2030-A Multi-Room Audio Cabling Standard, February, 2011 ANSI/TIA-570-B, Residential Telecommu
23、nications Infrastructure Standard, 2008 Audio System Design and Installation, Phillip Giddings, Focal Press, ISBN 978-0240802862 CEA/CEDIA-CEB22: Home Theater Recommended Practice: Audio Design, March 2009 Canadian Electrical (CE) Code, January 2009 Handbook of Sound System Design, John Eargle, Elar
24、 Publishing Co., ISBN 978-0914130031 Master Handbook of Acoustics, Fifth Edition, F. Alton Everest and Ken Pohlmann, McGraw Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-160332-4 NFPA-70, National Electrical Code, 2011 Sound Reproduction, Floyd Toole, Focal Press, ISBN 978-0-240-52009-4 2.1.2 Informative Reference Acquisitio
25、n Canadian Electrical Code: Canadian Standards Association; 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6 CANADA; Phone 1-800-463-6727; Internet http:/www.csa-intl.org/ ANSI/CEA Standards: Consumer Electronics Association, 1919 S Eads, Arlington, VA 22202; Phone: 703-907-7600; Fax: 703
26、-907-7675; Internet: http:/www.CE.org/Standards NFPA Standards: National Fire Protection Association; 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 USA; 1-800-344-3555; Internet: http:/www.nfpa.org 2.2 Compliance Notation As used in this document shall and must denote mandatory provisions of this standard.
27、Should denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. May denotes a feature whose presence does not preclude compliance, and implementation of which is optional. Optional denotes items that may or may not be present in a compliant device. CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A 2 2.3 Symbols and Abbreviations
28、 AC Alternating Current AWG American Wire Gauge CEA Consumer Electronics Association CMG Communications General Purpose Cable CMP Communications Plenum Cable CMR Communications Riser Cable CMX Communications Cable, Limited Use dB Decibels EIFS Exterior Insulation and Finish System EMI Electromagneti
29、c Interference HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Hz, kHz Hertz (Cycles Per Second), Thousands of Hertz LFE Low Frequency Effects mm Millimeters NEC National Electrical Code NFPA National Fire Protection Association PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RF Radio Frequency Vrms Root Mean Square AC volta
30、ge R Value Thermal Resistance SPL Sound Pressure Level TIA Telecommunications Industry Association UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UV Ultraviolet VAC Volts Alternating Current VDC Volts Direct Current 2.4 Definitions Acoustical Foam a commercially available porous material used to attenuate sound at mid
31、 to high frequencies. Angled Baffle a speaker configuration where the face of the speaker is angled in order to optimize directivity of the speaker. Communications Cable, Limited Use - defined in article 725 of the NFPA 70 (National Electric Code) Communications Plenum Cable - defined in article 725
32、 of the NFPA 70 (National Electric Code) Communications Riser Cable - defined in article 725 of the NFPA 70 (National Electric Code) Diffuse Reflection - uniform reflection of sound from a non-flat surface where the sound is scattered in many directions. Directivity the ratio of sound energy project
33、ed by a loudspeaker in the on-axis direction compared to sound energy radiated in all directions. Background Audio audio playback that is normally intended to be passively listened to, as a setting for some other activity such as having a meal. CEA/CEDIA-CEB17-A 3 Foreground Audio audio playback tha
34、t is normally intended to be the focus of listening activity. Playback of foreground audio would normally be at a higher SPL and incorporate higher quality audio components than a background audio system. Hot Spot - an area where the sound level from the audio system is significantly higher than in
35、adjacent areas Impedance Load is the amount of resistance that the speaker presents to the amplifier. Nulls an area where the sound level from the audio system is significantly lower than in adjacent areas. R Value - a measure of thermal resistance provided in building materials Reverberation - Pers
36、istence of sound in a particular space after a source of sound is abruptly turned off. Speaker Coverage angle - The angle between the 6dB points on either side of the main axis of the speaker system, as defined by the measured coverage pattern. Speaker Coverage zone - The part of the listening plane
37、 covered by a loudspeaker as defined by the area where the sound level is within 6dB of the hot spot directly under the speaker. Speaker Sensitivity - The SPL resulting at 1 meter from the speaker when driven by a 2.82 Vrms signal. Sweet Spot - The ideal listening position for two-channel stereo is
38、with the listener centered between the two speakers at the apex of an equilateral triangle created by the two speakers and the listener. Depending on speaker design and room acoustics, this sweet spot may be large enough to encompass several listeners. Listeners outside of the sweet spot may still h
39、ear good sound, but the stereo imaging will be compromised. Sympathetic Vibration - a vibration produced in one body by the vibrations in a neighboring body. Water Proof a device that can be used under water. Weather Resistant a device that with stand outdoor environments but cannot be submersed und
40、er water. 2.5 General Considerations for Loudspeakers in Rooms 2.5.1 Room Acoustics When choosing a speaker location it is very important to take room acoustics into account. Room acoustics play a substantial role in overall sound quality. Some attempt should be made to understand, control and use t
41、o ones advantage the acoustical properties of rooms. In an enclosed space sound is either reflected, absorbed or transmitted. It is usually desirable to have sound in a room reflect within that room in a reasonably diffuse manner to provide an even coverage of sound. However, if there is too much re
42、flection, especially with parallel and untreated walls, the sound field can have noticeable flutter echoes or reverberation. In dedicated listening spaces there may be very specific optimal locations for loudspeakers and associated sound absorbing, scattering/diffusing or reflecting surfaces. In bac
43、kground listening applications the rules are much more relaxed. A reasonable amount of absorptive materials, such as one might normally find in a typical living room, will normally suffice. Note that absorptive materials does not have to mean commercially available absorbers. Carpets, drapes, CEA/CE
44、DIA-CEB17-A 4 furniture, and single layer sheetrock wall (at low frequencies) provide absorption. Objects like bookshelves, furniture, moldings, ceiling soffits, etc, generally provide enough diffusion for these non- critical installations. For critical spaces, however, the controlled absorption of
45、commercial absorbers may be desirable. It is also important to take into consideration noise isolation when designing audio installations. Noise can intrude on a listening space from a noisy adjacent space (laundry room etc.); or, sound from the audio system may intrude on adjacent spaces which are
46、intended to be very quiet (bedrooms for example). Solutions to these types of problems may include modifying wall/floor/ceiling construction (if possible), changing which rooms are included in the whole house audio distribution (if possible), or at least informing the owner of any anticipated issues
47、. For more information on noise isolation and placement of loudspeakers and associated sound absorbing, scattering/diffusing or reflecting surfaces, refer to CEA/CEDIA CEB-22: Home Theater Recommended Practice: Audio Design Bulletin. 2.5.2 Room Reflections Though a moderate amount of reflected sound
48、 in a room is beneficial, mounting full range speakers near corners can result in strong early reflections that color the resulting sound. To avoid this, it is recommended that ceiling speakers not be located within 2.5 feet of walls, and not within 5 feet of corners, when possible. In-wall speakers
49、 should not be located within 5 feet of corners. See Figures 1 and 2. This rule of thumb does not apply to subwoofers. Some speakers contain a boundary compensation switch or other circuitry for equalizing the speakers bass response to make it more neutral- sounding for different mounting conditions. Make sure the setting of any such correction filter matches the actual installation conditions. Another issue that can arise is commonly referred to as flutter echo. A flutter echo can sometimes happen when a room has 2 parallel wal
