1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationHygrothermal performance of buildings Resistance towind-driven rain of roof coverings with discontinuouslylaid small elements Test methodsPD CEN/TR 15601:2012National forewordThi
2、s Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15601:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeB/540, Energy performance of materials components and buildings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secret
3、ary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 57913 4ICS 91.120.10; 91.120.30Compliance with a British Standard
4、 cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15601:2012TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQU
5、E TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15601 March 2012 ICS 91.120.10; 91.120.30 English Version Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Resistance to wind - driven rain of roof coverings with discontinuously laid small elements - Test methods Performance hygrothermique des btiments - Rsistance la pluie batta
6、nte de couvertures en petits lments poss en discontinu - Mthodes dessai Wrme- und feuchteschutztechnisches Verhalten von Gebuden - Widerstand von Dacheindeckungen aus kleinformatigen, berlappend gedeckten Dachelementen gegen Schlagregen - Prfverfahren This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 7 F
7、ebruary 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 89. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
8、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rig
9、hts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15601:2012: EPD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative References .53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and units .65 Principle
10、66 Test specimens 66.1 Test specimen samples 66.2 Dimensions of the test specimen .66.3 Number of sets of tests .76.4 Preparation of test specimen .77 Apparatus .77.1 General 77.2 Suction chamber 77.3 Fan system .87.4 Rain generating installation 87.5 Run-off water 97.6 Observation and measurement o
11、f leakage .98 Test procedure .98.1 General 98.2 Test conditions . 108.2.1 General . 108.2.2 Wind speed modification for roof pitch 108.2.3 Run-off water . 119 Evaluation and expression of test results . 1510 Test report . 15Annex A (Informative) Examples of wind-driven rain apparatus 17Annex B (Info
12、rmative) Derivation of the rainfall rate on a pitched roof 22Annex C (Normative) Use of test results . 23Bibliography . 24PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15601:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and bu
13、ilding components”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/T
14、R 15601:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The extent to which roof coverings can resist water penetration from the combination of wind and rain, commonly referred to as wind driven rain, is important for the design of roofs. This CEN Technical Report describes a method of test to determine the performance of
15、the roof covering against wind driven rain. The combined action of wind and rain varies considerably with geographical location of a building and the associated differences in the rain and wind climate. Wind-rain climate zones are specified for: Northern Europe Coastal, Central Europe and Southern E
16、urope. Each climate zone is divided into four wind-rain sub-tests (including a deluge condition). This Technical Report does not contain information on the level of acceptable performance. The use of test results is given in Annex C. In case of reference should be made to testing according to this d
17、ocument the word “shall“ is used at the appropriate places. PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This Techncial Report describes a method of test for determining the resistance of pitched roof coverings to wind-driven and deluge rain. The test method is applicable to discontinuously l
18、aid unsealed small roof covering elements such as clay tiles, concrete tiles, slates, fibre cement slates and stones. NOTE The test method may be adapted for fittings. 2 Normative References This document contains no normative references. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, th
19、e following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen assembled array of elements for testing over which water leakage is to be observed or measured, excluding perimeter elements with sealed joints 3.2 set of tests consisting of sub-tests B and D, (and optionally subtests A and C), for an appro
20、priate climate zone, roof pitch and laying specification Note 1 to entry: The sub-tests A, B, C and D are defined in Clause 8. 3.3 reference leakage rate leakage rate of 10 g/m2/5 min, 5-minutes being the duration of a single test step in the sub-test PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 6 4 Sy
21、mbols and units Symbol Quantity Unit f wind speed factor relating u and us- Iuturbulence intensity % L Simulated additional rafter length above the test specimen m Rhrainfall rate on a horizontal plane mm/h Rrorun-off rate l/min Rtrainfall rate on the roof surface mm/h u wind speed approaching the r
22、oof m/s utterminal velocity of rain drops m/s gStandard deviation of the turbulent fluctuations in the wind speed m/s Mean wind speed approaching the roof m/s uswind speed over test specimen m/s W the effective width of the test specimen m roof pitch Degree angle of incidence of rain Degreeo5 Princi
23、ple A test specimen is fitted into the wind-driven rain apparatus, the external surface of the test specimen is exposed to wind and continuously sprayed with water, and run-off water is continuously applied at the top of the specimen. At the same time an air pressure difference between the upper and
24、 lower surfaces of the test specimen is increased or decreased in specific steps. Water leakage through the test specimen, which can occur at certain air pressure differences, is observed and measured. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Test specimen samples Samples for the test specimen shall comply, where relev
25、ant, with the appropriate product standard in respect of the appropriate sampling plan, or, in absence of a standard sampling plan, shall be selected at random from a representative population. Discontinuously laid small elements for the test specimen shall be surface dry. 6.2 Dimensions of the test
26、 specimen The dimensions of the test specimen shall be as large as necessary to be representative of the intended use. The joints of elements in the test specimen shall be representative, e.g. the same length per square meter as designed for its intended use. PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E
27、) 7 The test specimen shall comprise a minimum of 9 roof covering elements, a minimum length of 1,0 m and a minimum width of 1,0 m on a rectangular format. 6.3 Number of sets of tests The number of sets of tests shall be at least one. 6.4 Preparation of test specimen Construct the test specimen acco
28、rding to the roofing specification representative of its intended use (such as roof pitch, lap and the influence of fixing systems where appropriate). The test specimen may be built in a surrounding frame to facilitate transport and fitting to the opening of the driving rain test apparatus. The join
29、t between test specimen and surrounding frame shall be sealed to prevent water leakage during the test, without disturbance to joints between the discontinuously laid elements. If a frame is used, it shall be able to resist the pressures applied during the test without deflecting to an extent that w
30、ould influence the test results. The surround shall be prepared and installed so that any water penetration through the unsealed area of the test specimen is readily detectable. The test specimen shall be conditioned to be surface dry before each test. 7 Apparatus 7.1 General The test apparatus shal
31、l consist of: a suction chamber sealed to the underside of the test specimen and connected to a suction fan, as specified in 7.2; a fan system to create wind on the outside of the test specimen, as specified in 7.3; an installation capable of generating rain on the outside of the test specimen, as s
32、pecified in 7.4; provisions for creating run-off water on the outside of the test specimen, as specified in 7.5; and facility for observation and measurement of leakage as specified in 7.6. Examples of wind-driven rain apparatus are illustrated in Annex A. NOTE Apparatus of different design is likel
33、y to produce different wind driven rain test results, but can produce consistent comparisons of performance between different roof covering elements. 7.2 Suction chamber The suction fan connected to the suction chamber shall be capable of creating a stable pressure difference, maintained for 5 minut
34、es 10 seconds, across the test specimen. The pressure difference shall be measured to a maximum inaccuracy of 1 % or 2,5 Pa, whichever is greater. The height and shape of the suction chamber shall be sufficient to ensure uniform pressure conditions. It shall be possible, when required, to seal the c
35、onnection between the suction chamber and the suction fan (e.g. by providing a valve, which can be closed or opened). PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 8 A water collector shall be provided, connected to the suction chamber, capable of recording the amount of leakage water during any pressur
36、e step in the test, to a maximum inaccuracy of 2 % or 1 g, whichever is greater. The surfaces of the suction chamber shall allow leakage water to flow freely into the water collector. 7.3 Fan system The fan system shall be capable of generating wind in the direction of the eaves to the ridge. The wi
37、nd flow shall be horizontal or parallel to the surface of the inclined test specimen. Calibrate the fan system for spatial variation of the wind speed, by taking measurements at not less than 9 positions uniformly distributed, at a height of 200 10 mm over a flat boarded area which replaces the test
38、 specimen for the purposes of the calibration, at the relevant roof pitch. The calibration wind speed shall be (10 0,5) m/s at the centre of the test specimen. The spatial variation of the wind speed shall be not more than 15 % over the test specimen. Wind speed shall be measured to a maximum inaccu
39、racy of 0,5 m/s. The turbulence intensity Iuin the oncoming wind shall be less than 10 % at each position. The turbulence intensity Iu (%) is expressed as Iu= 100g/ , where gand are the standard deviation of the turbulent fluctuations in the wind speed and mean wind speeds respectively, measured ove
40、r a duration of not less than 5 minutes for this purpose. Mean wind speed nuunii=1(1) Standard deviation ()112=nniuiug(2) where uiare individual wind speed measurements; n is the number of wind speed 7.4 Rain generating installation The installation shall be capable of supplying a stable rain rate (
41、 5%) as given in Table 2 for the roof pitch under test. The spatial variation shall be not more than 35 % over the area of the test specimen during a period of 5 minutes 10 seconds. The rain droplet size shall be representative of natural rain, predominantly in the range of 0,6 mm to 2,5 mm diameter
42、. NOTE 1 Water droplets introduced into a high velocity air stream tend to break up over distance. Accordingly, it is recommended that the droplets are introduced far enough above the test specimen for this process to be completed and for the droplets to achieve the required velocity prior to impact
43、 with the test specimen. PD CEN/TR 15601:2012CEN/TR 15601:2012 (E) 9 NOTE 2 A variation of 35 % in wind driven rain distribution when combined with run-off water (see 7.5) results in a combined variation of not more than 10 %. To calibrate the rain falling directly on the test specimen, replace the
44、test specimen with a flat board which incorporates rainfall measuring devices in its upper surface. The measuring devices shall each be between 0,10 m2and 0,20 m2in plan area and arranged so that they do not collect any run-off water during calibration. The rain shall be measured to a maximum inaccu
45、racy of 3 % or 0,2 mm/h, whichever is larger. Calibrate the uniformity of rain distribution for each roof pitch and each test A, B, C and D (see Clause 8) as appropriate. 7.5 Run-off water Run-off water to simulate the rafter length of the roof above the position of the test specimen, shall be evenl
46、y distributed across the top of the test specimen with a maximum deviation of not more than 10 % over the width of the test specimen. The quantity of run-off water shall be measured to a maximum inaccuracy of 3 %. Precautions should be taken to avoid unrepresentative distribution of run-off water on
47、 the uppermost course of roof covering elements which, for example, could cause premature leakage through their sidelaps. NOTE As a precaution, the sidelaps in the uppermost course of roofing elements may be sealed. 7.6 Observation and measurement of leakage The suction chamber shall be provided wit
48、h: a) a transparent under-surface for clear visual observation of the nature and position of leakages which may appear on the underside of the test specimen during the test; b) an apparatus to continuously collect and measure the amount (by weight or by volume) of leakage water which may fall from t
49、he test specimen into the suction chamber during the test. To minimize surface tension, absorption and retention of water on the internal surfaces of the suction chamber, the surfaces shall be smooth, non-absorbent and inclined at a vertical angle of not less than 15 from the horizontal towards the lower collecting apparatus during testing. 8 Test procedure 8.1 General Carry out the test in an environment with a temperature of between 5 C and
