1、PD CEN/TR15735:2008ICS 03.240NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPostal services Quality of service Distance to accesspointsThis Published Documentwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 2009 BSI
2、2009ISBN 978 0 580 60275 7Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 15735:2008National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15735:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SVS/4, Postal services.A list of
3、organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligat
4、ions.PD CEN/TR 15735:2008TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15735October 2008ICS 03.240English VersionPostal services - Quality of service - Distance to access pointsServices postaux - Qualit de service - Qualit de laccsaux services postauxPostalische Dienstleistungen - Diens
5、tqualitt - Entfernungzum ZugangspunktThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 16 March 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 331.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany,
6、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagemen
7、t Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15735:2008: EPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Main issues concernin
8、g the measurement of network density5 2.1 General5 2.2 Legislation 10 2.3 Measurement10 2.4 Available data.10 2.5 Reservations 11 3 Conclusion .11 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points 12 Annex B (informative) Questionnair
9、e results .23 Annex C (informative) Analysis of national legislations .34 PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15735:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 331 “Postal services”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the p
10、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Tra
11、de Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Article 3 of the Postal Directive requires Member States to ensure that the density of access points (postal outlets and collection letterboxes) takes account of the needs
12、 of users it contains relatively general requirements relating to access to Universal Services. Consequently, Member States have taken very different approaches in defining minimum standards concerning the density of access points. The most important types of requirements that are imposed on Univers
13、al Service Providers are listed below: Minimum number: the Universal Service Provider must maintain at least x postal outlets (or collection letterboxes). Maximum distance: a postal outlet (or letterbox) must not be further away than x kilometres from any home or business location. Usually this requ
14、irement does not apply to isolated houses in rural areas but only within populated areas (or similarly defined geographic areas). Town size: a postal outlet (or letterbox) is mandatory in each municipality exceeding a population of x. In addition, some countries require the Universal Service Provide
15、r to maintain one postal outlet per x inhabitants in towns. One outlet per municipality: at least one postal outlet (or letterbox) must be operated in each municipality. The situation with regard to access conditions and Quality of Service does differ from country to country. Access conditions refer
16、 to the service points of the postal network, like street letter-boxes, post offices and other outlets that provide postal services. The regulatory requirements with regard to the density of these access points vary from nonexistent to detailed guidelines on the location of access points with regard
17、 to density, distance, population or community related criteria. Even in Member States where no specific requirements regarding the density of postal outlets exist, it appears that politics, often locally, strongly oppose Universal Service Providers that plan to close postal outlets, thus adding a s
18、oft component to the universal service obligation. PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report takes into account the existing systems for measuring access to postal services and the targets that are already in use in member states. To get an understanding of the existi
19、ng systems regarding population coverage, a questionnaire entitled “Methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points” was circulated to postal operators and postal regulators (see Annex A). 2 Main issues concerning the measurement of network density 2.1 General This report is base
20、d on two data sources, the results of the questionnaire (Annex B) and the legislative framework for the density of access points to the postal network (Annex C). An overview of the main issues raised in the legislation and in the questionnaire is given in the following table. The table is structured
21、 in four main parts: Legislation on Access-Network Density; Measurement of Access-Network Density; Available Data necessary for Density Measurement; Reservations about Distance Measurement. A tick mark is given for each European country in which the issue is relevant or dealt with. PD CEN/TR 15735:2
22、008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 6 Table 1 Responses on questions about the distance to postal access points Austria Belgium CyprusCzechRepublicDenmark EstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIrelandItaly LatviaLithuaniaLuxembourg Malta Norway Poland Portugal SlovakRepublicSloveniaSpainSwitzerland Swede
23、nTheNetherlandsUnitedKingdom Geographical Unit I National X X X X Geographical Unit II Regions X Geographical Unit III Local Units X X X X X X X Postman “Service to Customer“ Equal to fixed Access Point X X X X X X X Population Density I Urban Areas X X X X X LEGISLATION Population Density II Rural
24、Areas X X X X PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 7 Indicators Used I Absolute Number of Access Points X X X Indicators Used II % of Population based on Distance X X X X X X X Measurement System I System already in place X X X X X X X X Measurement System II Incl. Postbox X X X X X X X Measure
25、ment System III Incl. Outlet with full Postal Service X X X X X X MEASUREMENTMeasurement System IV In regular intervals X X X Distance I Straight Line X X X X X X X X PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 8 Distance II Allowance for Natural Barriers X X X X X X X Distance III Other X X X X X X X
26、 X X Non Distance I Population Density X X X X X X Non Distance II Geographical Information X X X X X X Data available I Population Density (around AP) X X X X X X X X X X Data available II Population Density (PCA) X X X X X X X X X X DATA Data available III Population Density (geographic) X X X X X
27、 X X X X X PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 9 RES.Detailed Reservations About distance-based measurement X X X X X X PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 10 2.2 Legislation Eight countries provided information on national legislation on access-network density. The first three categorie
28、s in the table indicate on which geographical unit(s) the national legislation is based: National, Regional or Local. Local solutions for the access to the postal network often include Mobile Postmen who provide access by Service-to-Customer instead of the usual Customer-to-Service approach connecte
29、d with a visit to the post office. The questionnaire gives additional information on other countries where mobile postman are an issue (three countries). Sometimes legislation differentiates areas with different population densities. Specialized legislation may be available for Urban and Rural Areas
30、. The indicators for access-network density that are used within the legislation fall into two main groups: absolute numbers for a minimum of postal access points and minimum percentage of the population within a given distance to the postal access point. 2.3 Measurement Information on measurement i
31、s based on the questionnaire responses. Fifteen countries reported if any system for distance measurement is already in place or not (see question 3.1, Annex A). Each of the measurement systems in place is based on the access point “Post Office”. It is stated if the measurement system includes (or s
32、hould include, if not installed) post-boxes and postal outlets with the full range of postal services (see question 4.2.1, Annex A). Six countries gave additional information about the timing of the measurement, if it is done on a regular basis or by demand (question 4.4.5). Thirteen countries indic
33、ated if the concept of distance is part of access-network density measurement. It is denoted if distance is measured as a straight-line measurement or if any other distance measure is or would be applied, for example distance by road or distance in minutes by car (question 4.1.1). All countries are
34、listed, which reported that an allowance is or would be made for natural barriers like mountains or rivers (question 4.1.2). In addition to distance related measures other indicators are used as well (question 4.1.1). These mainly fall into two categories: firstly, access is related to the populatio
35、n density in the area, in which the access point is located. The areas are mostly defined by postal or administrative criteria (certain postcode-areas or municipalities). Secondly, access is related to geographical information (location of access point / customer, geographical areas, census based ar
36、eas). Geographical information is increasingly drawn from electronic Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which allows for a very detailed geographical stratification of the country. Both categories may overlap when the population density is available for geographically defined areas. 2.4 Available
37、data Even in cases where no measurement is installed yet, it is of interest, if any information is available that could be used for this purpose. Fourteen countries gave information on the data available in their country, which in most cases consists of population density data. Population density fi
38、gures may be available for any defined area around a fixed access point (question 4.2.3.c), for a set of defined postcode-areas (question 4.2.3.b) or for geographically defined areas. PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 11 2.5 Reservations Not all countries felt comfortable with a standard, wh
39、ich is based mainly on the concept of distance as the indicator for access-network density as they view the requirements for the access network in a broader context, which can be seen in the answers to chapter 5 of the questionnaire. All answers to the questionnaire or additional comments that go in
40、to further detail are incorporated at Annex C. 3 Conclusion There are many different methods of distance measurement that are either in use or appropriate for use. This may include distance covered by foot or vehicle and can be done by straight line, distance by road or by the distance covered by th
41、e delivery officer. Likewise, information on how a countries population is measured also varies considerably. When measuring distance to access points, individual countries physical barriers, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. have to be taken into account. The legislation clearly indicates if i
42、t is necessary to consider those natural barriers. Although, some use similar measurement systems to others, there are also many differences. It would be extremely difficult to introduce a single measurement system to meet the needs of all. As public need for access as well as the cost of providing
43、access to Universal Services can most usefully be balanced at a local level, there appears to be no reasons for further harmonization in this area at the moment. However, countries that currently do not have a measurement system in place but would like to introduce such a measurement system now or s
44、ometime in the future may use the information provided in Table 1 and get in contact with those countries that have a comparable legal situation and a measurement system in place. PD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 12 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measure
45、ment of Distance to postal Access Points 1. Introduction In its Postal directives (1997 per km? 13 organisations answered: - For an absolute number (12 organisations). - An average number (2 organisations). The basis as defined by 3 organisations: - “A percentage of population to less than 10 km or
46、5 km of access point”. - Official Information on national level, e.g. statistical yearbooks. - “An absolute number of households and population is based on the Census and is up-dated every 10 years. The most recent data is from 2001. We also have postcoded population data which updates the census da
47、ta from other sources and is available annually” Q.4.3.2b: For what kind of area is the population information available? 13 organisations answered: - postcode (8 organisations, 61,5 %) - part of town (5 organisations, 38,5 %) - postcode area (9 organisations, 69,2 %) - larger area (9 organisations,
48、 69,2 %) - for a town (11 organisations, 61 % of organisations but 84,6 % of organisations which have answered) - other (5 organisations, 38,5 %): District, Higher regional unit, Department, Census section, Kantone, ARE-national planning regions, Census Output area (census geography covering approximately 125 households and directly linked to postal geography). Q.4.3.2c: Is the data available for the whole country? 13 organisations answered. All said yes.
