1、PD CEN/TR 15983:2010ICS 13.040.40NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTStationary source emissions Guidance on the application of EN 14181:2004This Published Documentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 28
2、February2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67970 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 15983:2010National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15983:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationa
3、ry source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot conf
4、er immunityfrom legal obligations.PD CEN/TR 15983:2010TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15983 January 2010 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Guidance on the application of EN 14181:2004 Emissions de sources fixes - Guide dapplication de lEN 14181
5、:2004 Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Leitlinien zur Anwendung der EN 14181:2004 This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 December 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 264. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
6、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT
7、 EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15983:2010: EPD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 2 Content
8、s Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Terms and definitions .53 Symbols and abbreviations 93.1 Symbols 93.2 Abbreviations 104 General guidance on quality assurance and calibration 104.1 General . 104.2 Regulatory framework and standards for monitoring 104.3 Roles and responsibilities . 125 Appl
9、ication of QAL1 . 125.1 General . 125.2 AMS which are not yet installed at the plant . 135.3 AMS which are already installed at the plant . 136 Application of QAL2 and AST 136.1 Tasks within QAL2 and AST 136.2 Location and monitoring provisions for AMS . 146.3 Management system provisions for AMS 14
10、6.4 Specific issues of the functional tests . 147 Calibration and validation of the AMS 167.1 Standard reference methods . 167.2 Calibration using an SRM 167.3 Low-level clusters . 207.4 Peripheral AMS measurements . 217.5 Establishing the calibration function and the test of variability 217.6 Data
11、points outside the calibration range 227.7 Calibrating AMS for NOxand TOC 237.8 Significant changes to operating conditions and fuels 247.9 Significant changes to an AMS . 248 On-going surveillance and quality assurance of AMS (QAL3) 258.1 The necessity for QAL3 258.2 Choosing control charts 258.3 Z
12、ero and span measurements . 268.4 Setting parameters for control charts 29Annex A (informative) An example of a procedure for determining outliers . 31Annex B (informative) Alternative approaches for dealing with low-level clusters of emissions . 34Annex C (informative) kvvalues 36Annex D (informati
13、ve) Shewhart and EWMA control charts 37Bibliography . 43PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15983:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o
14、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This CEN Technical Report provides supporting guidance on the application of E
15、N 14181:2004. It is based on the growing experiences with EN 14181:2004 throughout the CEN member countries. EN 14181:2004 specifies three levels of quality assurance (QAL), known as QAL1, QAL2 and QAL3 as well as an Annual Surveillance Test (AST). This Technical Report explains the requirements of
16、these levels of quality assurance to achieve a consistent application of EN 14181:2004. PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This CEN Technical Report provides guidance for applying the European Standard EN 14181:2004. This CEN Technical Report provides guidance only on applying the q
17、uality assurance levels QAL1, QAL2 and QAL3 as well as the Annual Surveillance Test (AST). This CEN Technical Report is an informative document. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 air quality characteristic one of the quantifiabl
18、e properties relating to an air mass under investigation, for example, concentration of a constituent EN 14181:2004, 3.1 2.2 automated measuring system AMS measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of emissions EN 14181:2004, 3.2 NOTE 1 An AMS is the automated applicat
19、ion of a monitoring method, which is traceable to a reference method. NOTE 2 Apart from the analyser, an AMS includes facilities for taking samples (e.g. sample probe, sample gas lines, flow meters, regulators, delivery pumps) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, moisture removal devices,
20、converters, diluters). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices that are required for regular functional checks. 2.3 calibration function linear relationship between the values of the SRM and the AMS with the assumption of a constant residual standard deviation EN 14181:2004, 3.3
21、NOTE The calibration function is established during QAL2 on stack gases. 2.4 competent authority organisation which implements the requirements of EU Directives and regulates installations, which must comply with the requirements of applicable European Standards EN 15267-1:2009, 3.3 2.5 confidence i
22、nterval (two-sided) when T1and T2are two functions of the observed values such that, being a population parameter to be estimated, the probability Pr(T1 T2) is at least equal to (1 ) where (1 ) is a fixed number, positive and less than 1, the interval between T1and T2is a two-sided (1 ) confidence i
23、nterval for PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 6 EN 14181:2004, 3.5 2.6 CUSUM chart calculation procedure in which the amount of drift and change in precision is compared to the corresponding uncertainty components which are obtained during QAL1 EN 14181:2004, 3.6 2.7 drift monotonic change o
24、f the calibration function over stated period of unattended operation, which results in a change of the measured value EN 14181:2004, 3.7 NOTE This refers to a change in the response of the AMS to a determinant which does not change. 2.8 emission limit value ELV limit value related to the uncertaint
25、y requirement EN 14181:2004, 3.8 NOTE For EU Directives it is the daily emission limit value that relates to the uncertainty requirement. 2.9 extractive AMS AMS having the detection unit physically separated from the gas stream by means of a sampling system EN 14181:2004, 3.9 2.10 instability change
26、 in the measured value comprised of drift and dispersion resulting from the change in the calibration function over a stated period of unattended operation, for a given value of the air quality characteristic NOTE 1 Drift and dispersion specify the monotonic and stochastic change with time of the ou
27、tput signal, respectively. NOTE 2 This refers to a change in the response of the AMS to a determinant which does not change. NOTE 3 Adapted from EN 14181:2004, 3.10. 2.11 instrument reading indication of the measured value directly provided by the AMS without using the calibration function EN 14181:
28、2004, 3.11 2.12 intrinsic uncertainty uncertainty component originating from the AMS itself, independent of the installation 2.13 legislation Directives, Acts, ordinances and regulations EN 14181:2004, 3.12 PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 7 2.14 measurand particular quantity subject to mea
29、surement EN 14181:2004, 3.13 2.15 measured value estimated value of the air quality characteristic derived from an output signal NOTE 1 This usually involves calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities. NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 14181:2004, 3.14. 2.16 non-extra
30、ctive AMS AMS having the detection unit in the gas stream or in a part of it EN 14181:2004, 3.15 2.17 outlier observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a set of data, and therefore has a low probability of being a valid data point 2.18 period of unattended operation maximum adm
31、issible interval of time for which the performance characteristics will remain within a predefined range without external servicing, e.g. refill, calibration, adjustment EN 14181:2004, 3.16 2.19 peripheral AMS or SRM measuring system or SRM used to gather the data required to convert the measured va
32、lues to standard reference conditions, i.e. AMS or SRM for moisture, temperature, pressure and oxygen EN 14181:2004, 3.17 2.20 precision closeness of agreement of results obtained from the AMS for successive zero readings and successive span readings at defined time intervals EN 14181:2004, 3.18 2.2
33、1 reference material material simulating a known concentration of the input parameter, by use of surrogates and traceable to national standards NOTE Surrogates normally used are calibration gasses, gas cells, gratings or filters. EN 14181:2004, 3.19 PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 8 2.22 r
34、esponse time time interval between the instant of a sudden change in the value of the input quantity to an AMS and the time as from which the value of the output quantity is reliably maintained above 90 % of the correct value of the input quantity EN 15267-3:2008, 3.31 2.23 span reading instrument r
35、eading of the AMS for a simulation of the input parameter at a fixed elevated concentration EN 14181:2004, 3.21 NOTE 1 This simulation is intended to test the measuring elements of the system, which contribute to its performance. NOTE 2 The span reading is approximately 80 % of the measurement range
36、. 2.24 standard conditions conditions as given in the EU-directives to which measured values have to be standardised to verify compliance with the emission limit values EN 14181:2004, 3.22 2.25 standard deviation positive square root of: the mean squared deviation from the arithmetic mean divided by
37、 the number of degrees of freedom NOTE The number of degrees of freedom is the number of measurements minus 1. EN 14181:2004, 3.23 2.26 standard reference method SRM method described and standardised to define an air quality characteristic, temporarily installed on site for verification purposes NOT
38、E Also known as a reference method. EN 14181:2004, 3.24 2.27 uncertainty parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand EN 14181:2004, 3.25 2.28 variability standard deviation of the differenc
39、es of parallel measurements between the SRM and AMS EN 14181:2004, 3.26 PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 9 2.29 zero reading instrument reading of the AMS on simulation of the input parameter at zero concentration, which tests the measuring elements of the AMS, that contribute to its perfor
40、mance NOTE Adapted from EN 14181:2004, 3.23. 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols a intercept of the calibration function b slope of the calibration function C mass concentration in milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3) Didifference between measured SRM value iy and calibrated AMS value iy D average
41、 of iD Eemission limit value Eotm extinction of the optical transmission monitor i index kvtest value for the variability test based on a 2-test, with a -value of 50 %, for N numbers of paired measurements L control limit value Lmp length of the measurement path in metres (m) m0target value (chart c
42、entre line) n number of checks N number of paired samples in parallel measurements P percentage value R2correlation coefficient sAMSstandard deviation of the AMS at zero and span level Ds standard deviation of the differences Diin parallel measurements t0,95students t-factor for a confidence level o
43、f 95 % xiithmeasured signal obtained with the AMS iy ithmeasured result obtained with the SRM iy best estimate for the true value, calculated from the AMS measured signal ix by means of the calibration function yspanspan value Z critical value in the Grubbss test Zitest value of ithdata pair in the
44、Grubbss test ziweighted average taking the past and the last check into account smoothing parameter PD CEN/TR 15983:2010CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 10 average diameter of the grains in the stack in micrometres (m) 0 uncertainty derived from requirements of legislation 3.2 Abbreviations AMS automated measu
45、ring system ARL average run length AST annual surveillance test ELV emission limit value EWMA exponentially weighted moving average LCL lower control limit NOxnitrogen oxides QAL quality assurance level SRM standard reference method TOC total organic compounds UCL upper control limit 4 General guida
46、nce on quality assurance and calibration 4.1 General The role of this Technical Report is to provide guidance on the application of the European Standards EN 14181:2004 on quality assurance of automated measuring systems used for monitoring stationary source emissions and EN 13284-2:2004 on automate
47、d measuring systems used for the determination of low range mass concentration of dust at stationary sources. Both European Standards are applicable to industrial plants falling under the European Directives for the incineration of waste (2000/76/EC) and large combustion plants (2001/80/EC), hence r
48、eferred to as Directives in this Technical Report. For simplicity, throughout this document, reference to EN 14181:2004 also refers to EN 13284-2:2004. This Technical Report summarises the requirements of EN 14181:2004 and EN 13284-2:2004, and provides guidance on how to perform each of the required
49、 tasks. 4.2 Regulatory framework and standards for monitoring 4.2.1 Monitoring requirements in the Directives The Directives prescribe the use of European Standards for monitoring emissions and calibration of automated measuring systems, or, if European Standards are not available, then the use of ISO, national or other equivalent international standards th
