1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Rationalized structure for electronic signature standardization - Guidelines for citizensPD CEN/TR 419040:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 419040 May 2018 ICS 35.030 English Version Rati
2、onalized structure for electronic signature standardization - Guidelines for citizens Cadre pour la normalisation de la signature lectronique - Lignes directrices pour les citoyens This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 March 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 224.
3、CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland
4、, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exp
5、loitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 419040:2018 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 419040:2018.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/17, Cards and secu
6、rity devices for personal identification.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards
7、 Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 96808 2ICS 35.030Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2018.Amendment
8、s/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 419040:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 419040 May 2018 ICS 35.030 English Version Rationalized structure for electronic signature standardization - Guidelines for citizens Cadre pour
9、la normalisation de la signature lectronique - Lignes directrices pour les citoyens This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 March 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 224. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cze
10、ch Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Ki
11、ngdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/
12、TR 419040:2018 EPD CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Abbreviations . 8 5 What are (legally valid) electronic signatures? . 9 5.1 Electronic signatures defined by the EU Regula
13、tion N 910/2014 . 9 5.2 The underlying technology Public key cryptography and digital signatures . 10 5.2.1 Introduction . 10 5.2.2 How it works 10 5.2.3 Ensuring trust 12 5.2.4 Functionalities offered by PKI based technologies: data integrity and authentication of origin 13 5.3 Where technical tool
14、s meet legal requirements . 13 5.3.1 Introduction . 13 5.3.2 Mapping the legal and the technical concepts . 14 5.3.3 How digital signatures cover the legal requirements for AdESig . 16 5.3.4 How digital signatures cover the legal requirements for QES . 18 5.4 Other use-cases for digital signatures 1
15、9 6 Digital signatures how does it work in real life applications? . 19 6.1 The signature process 19 6.2 Creation . 19 6.3 Validation 21 6.4 Augmentation 23 7 Digital signatures ancillary services and tools for use in practice . 23 7.1 Introduction . 23 7.2 Identifying the required level of signatur
16、e . 24 7.2.1 General . 24 7.2.2 Use-cases for QES 24 7.2.3 Use-cases for non QES . 24 7.3 Identifying required tools and services . 25 7.3.1 Creation . 25 7.3.2 Augmentation when the signature needs to be preserved 26 7.3.3 Validation 26 7.3.4 Preservation. 26 8 In case of dispute: evidence and proo
17、fs . 27 8.1 General . 27 8.2 Evidence present in the signed data 27 8.3 Evidence generally present in the certificate 28 8.4 Evidence present in the CAs documentation . 29 8.5 Evidence regarding Certificate Status 29 8.6 Evidence present in the Signature Policy 29 8.7 Evidence at the Registration Au
18、thority 30 8.8 Evidence not available through the signed message . 31 9 What about the (international) recognition of electronic signatures? 31 PD CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 3 9.1 Within Europe 31 9.2 Outside Europe 31 Bibliography . 33 PD CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 4 Eur
19、opean foreword This document (CEN/TR 419040:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 224 “Personal identification and related personal devices with secure element, systems, operations and privacy in a multi sectorial environment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is
20、drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 5 Introduction Today, it is possible to electronically sign data to ac
21、hieve the same effects as when using a hand-written signature. Such electronic signatures benefit from full legal recognition due to the EU Regulation N 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal
22、market 1 (hereafter referred to as EU Regulation N 910/2014) which addresses various services that can be used to support different types of electronic transactions and electronic signature in particular. The use of secure electronic signatures should help the development of online businesses and se
23、rvices in Europe. The European Commission standards initiative aims at answering immediate market needs by: securing online transactions and services in Europe in many sectors: e-business, e-administration, e-banking, online games, e-services, online contract, etc.; contributing to a single digital
24、market; creating the conditions for achieving the interoperability of e-signatures at a European level. Besides the legal framework, the technical framework at the present time is very mature. Citizens routinely sign data electronically by using cryptographic mechanisms such as, e.g. when they use a
25、 credit card or debit card to make a payment. Electronic signatures implemented by such cryptographic mechanisms are called “digital signatures”. Appropriate technical methods for digital signature creation, validation and preservation, as well as ancillary tools and services provided by trust servi
26、ce providers (TSPs), are specified in a series of documents developed along with the present document. The present document is part of a rationalized framework of standards (see ETSI TR 119 000 6) realized under the Standardization Mandate 460 issued by the European Commission to CEN, CENELEC and ET
27、SI for updating the existing standardization deliverables. In this framework, CEN is in charge of issuing Guidelines for electronic signatures implementation. These guidelines are provided through two documents: CEN/TR 419030, “Rationalized structure for electronic signature standardization - Best p
28、ractices for SMEs”, aligned with standards developed under the Rationalised Framework as described by ETSI SR 001 604, and CEN/TR 419040, “Rationalized structure for electronic signature standardization - Guidelines for citizens”, explaining the concept and use of electronic signatures. These two do
29、cuments differ slightly from the other documents in the Technical Framework since they go beyond the technical concept of “digital signature” and deal also with the legal concepts of electronic signatures and electronic seals. The concept of electronic seal specified in the Regulation, which is tech
30、nically close to the electronic signature, is developed in CEN/TR 419030 and not in the present document as it relates to legal person and not to natural persons as are the citizens The present document concerning the citizens is focusing on electronic signature that are created by natural persons.
31、PD CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report aims to help citizens to understand the relevance of using electronic signature within their day-to-day lives. It also explains the legal and the technical backgrounds of electronic signatures. This document gives guidance o
32、n the use of electronic signatures and addresses typical practical questions the citizen may have on how to proceed to electronically sign, where to find the suitable applications and material. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 Terms and definitions For the
33、 purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1
34、advanced electronic signature electronic signature which meets the requirements set out in Article 26 of Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1 Note 1 to entry: Article 26: An advanced electronic signature shall meet the following requirements: (a) it is uniquely linked to the signatory; (b) it is capable of
35、identifying the signatory; (c) it is created using electronic signature creation data that the signatory can, with a high level of confidence, use under his/her sole control; and (d) it is linked to the data signed therewith in such a way that any subsequent change in the data are detectable. SOURCE
36、: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (11) 3.2 electronic signature (from the regulation) data in electronic form which is attached to or logically associated with other data in electronic form and which is used by the signatory to sign SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (10) 3.3 di
37、gital signature data appended to, or a cryptographic transformation (see cryptography) of a data unit that allows a recipient of the data unit to prove the source and integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery, e.g. by the recipient SOURCE: ISO/IEC 7498 / ITU-T/Recommendation X.800 PD CE
38、N/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 7 3.4 trust service provider natural or legal person who provides one or more trust services either as a qualified or as a non-qualified trust service provider SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (19) 3.5 trust service electronic service normally pr
39、ovided for remuneration which consists of: (a) the creation, verification, and validation of electronic signatures, electronic seals or electronic time stamps, electronic registered delivery services and certificates related to those services, or (b) the creation, verification and validation of cert
40、ificates for website authentication, or (c) the preservation of electronic signatures, seals or certificates related to those services SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (16) Note 1 to entry: The concept of electronic seal specified in the Regulation is not developed in the present docu
41、ment as it relates to legal person and not to natural person as are the citizens. More details can be found in the companion document CEN/TR 419030. 3.6 qualified trust service trust service that meets the applicable requirements laid down in this Regulation SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Art
42、icle 3 (17) 3.7 qualified trust service provider trust service provider who provides one or more qualified trust services and is granted the qualified status by the supervisory body SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (20) 3.8 signature creation device configured software or hardware use
43、d to create an electronic signature SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (22) 3.9 qualified electronic signature advanced electronic signature that is created by a qualified electronic signature creation device, and which is based on a qualified certificate for electronic signatures SOURC
44、E: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (12) 3.10 certificate for electronic signature electronic attestation which links electronic signature validation data to a natural person and confirms at least the name or the pseudonym of that person SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1, Article 3 (14) PD
45、 CEN/TR 419040:2018CEN/TR 419040:2018 (E) 8 3.11 signatory natural person who creates an electronic signature SOURCE: Regulation (EU) N 910/2014 1 Article 3 (9) 3.12 certificate public key of a user, together with some other information, rendered un-forgeable by encipherment with the private key of
46、the certification authority which issued it Note 1 to entry: The term certificate is used for public key certificate within the present document. SOURCE: ISO/IEC 9594-8 / ITU-T Recommendation X.509 3.13 entity authentication means the corroboration of the claimed identity of an entity and a set of i
47、ts observed attributes SOURCE: Modinis Study on Identity Management in eGovernment Common terminological framework for interoperable electronic identity management, v2.01, November 23, 2005. 3.14 data authentication means the corroboration that the origin and the integrity of data are as claimed SOU
48、RCE: Modinis Study on Identity Management in eGovernment Common terminological framework for interoperable electronic identity management, v2.01, November 23, 2005. 3.15 data authentication data means data in electronic form which are attached to or logically associated with other electronic data an
49、d which corroborates the identity of the entity at the origin of the associated data and the integrity of the associated data. SOURCE: Feasibility study on an electronic identification, authentication and signature policy (IAS) carried out for the European Commission by DLA Piper, SEALED, time.lex, Price Waterhouse Coopers and Studio Genghini the qualified electronic signature (QES) which is an advanced electronic signature which provides additional level of assurance on the iden
