1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CEN/TS 12390-10:2007Testing hardened concrete Part 10: Determination of the relative carbonation resistance of concreteICS 91.100.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g
2、55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58DD CEN/TS 12390-10:2007This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 58015 4National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implement
3、ation of CEN/TS 12390-10:2007.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical applic
4、ation can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its pu
5、blication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Com
6、mittee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.Th
7、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/1, Concrete production and testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
8、necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICATION TECHNIQUETECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 12390-10September 2007ICS 91.100.30English VersionTesting hardened concrete - Par
9、t 10: Determination of therelative carbonation resistance of concreteEssai pour bton durci - Partie 10: Dtermination de larsistance relative la carbonatation du btonPrfung von Festbeton - Teil 10: Bestimmung des relativenKarbonatisierungswiderstandes von BetonThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) wa
10、s approved by CEN on 9 June 2007 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit theircomments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Stand
11、ard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS availablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision
12、about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
13、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any f
14、orm and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 12390-10:2007: E2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Reagents and apparatus .5 5 Production of specimens5 6 Presentation of the results .9 7 Test results and test report 10 Annex A
15、(informative) Guidance on suitable climatic chambers .14 Annex B (informative) Guidance on natural exposure sites .18 Bibliography 21 CEN/TS 12390-10:20073 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 12390-10:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretari
16、at of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This test method has been prepared by CEN TC 51/WG12/TG5 T
17、his method is one of a series on testing hardened concrete comprising: EN 12390 Testing hardened concrete Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens Part 4: Compressiv
18、e strength Specification for testing machines Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens Part 7: Density of hardened concrete Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance Scaling1Part 10: Determination of th
19、e relative carbonation resistance of concrete 1According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
20、 Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 1These documents are published as CEN/TC for the time being. CEN/TS 12390-10:20074 1 Scope
21、This is a method for evaluating the carbonation resistance of concrete mixes by comparison with a concrete mix with known carbonation resistance. It is not a method for the determination of carbonation depths in existing concrete structures. The test is carried out under controlled exposure conditio
22、ns using natural levels of carbon dioxide or under natural conditions protected from direct rainfall. If the carbonation depth of the unknown mix is equal or less than the known mix, it is be assumed that the risk of reinforcement corrosion for the new mix is equivalent to the known mix (with the sa
23、me cover required for the known mix). The “reference” concrete may be any concrete with known performance in the intended place of use (environment). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editi
24、on cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods for sampling EN 1097-5, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 5: Determination of
25、 the water content by drying in a ventilated oven EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption EN 12350-2, Testing fresh concrete Part 2: Slump test EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete Part 3: Vebe test EN 12350-4
26、, Testing fresh concrete Part 4: Degree of compactability EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete Part 5: Flow table test EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete Part 2: Making and curing specime
27、ns for strength tests EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens 3 Principle A concrete mix with known performance under classified exposure conditions in the place of use is chosen as the reference concrete. From previous information or by trial mixes on th
28、e concrete under investigation, determine the mix proportions to give an equal compressive strength as the reference concrete. Two prisms and at least six compression test specimens of both reference concrete and concrete under investigation are manufactured with these mix proportions. In addition t
29、wo concretes are manufactured using an 8% higher and 8% lower cement content, giving a total of 12 prisms and (at least) 36 compression test specimens. All prisms are sealed-cured until the concrete has reached 50% of the reference strength. The prisms are then exposed to one of the two storage cond
30、itions. At defined periods up to at least two years, slices are split from the prisms and the freshly split CEN/TS 12390-10:20075 surface is sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution. The mean depth of the reacted surface layer is calculated and called the depth of carbonation. The mean depths of carb
31、onation for the pairs of prisms are used to interpolate the depth of carbonation at the reference strength. The three mixes of the reference concrete and the three mixes of the concrete under investigation are made, ideally, on the same day. The days on which they are placed in the storage chamber m
32、ay vary as this depends on their relative rates of strength development. Testing for carbonation depth should be on the same days. The relative performance of the two concretes should be compared with the objective of determining if the unknown concrete gives a carbonation depth equal to or lower th
33、an that of the known concrete. Such an approach is not dependent on the repeatability or reproducibility of the test and any failure of the storage chamber is unlikley be significant, as both concretes will have been subjected to the same exposure. 4 Reagents and apparatus 4.1 A solution of 1 % phen
34、olphthalein in 70 % ethanol. 4.2 A magnifier and a gauge to measure the depth of carbonation perpendicular to the exposed concrete surface with a precision of 0,2 mm. 4.3 A storage chamber controlling the carbon dioxide concentration at (0,035 0,005) %, temperature at (20 2) C and a relative humidit
35、y at (65 5) % , see Annex A for details of a suitable chamber. 4.4 A natural exposure site where specimens are protected from direct rainfall, see Annex B for details of a suitable arrangement. 4.5 Apparatus for recording the relative humidity with a precision of 2,0 % and the temperature with a pre
36、cision of 0,5 C. 4.6 Apparatus for recording CO2concentration with a precision of 0,001 % by volume fitted with an audible/visual alarm to signify breaching of limits. 4.7 Fans to facilitate circulation of air within the storage chamber. 5 Production of specimens 5.1 General Prior to production and
37、testing, the following shall be specified or agreed: reference strength at a given age under the conditions of the test method; consistence class. Prior to testing, the following may be specified or agreed: some or all of the constituent materials; maximum nominal upper aggregate size; other perform
38、ance requirements for the concrete to be tested; environment for the test CEN/TS 12390-10:20076 either Environment A 20 C, 65 % relative humidity, 0,035 % carbon dioxide or Environment B outside and protected from direct rainfall. For each concrete to be tested, 3 mixes with constant free water cont
39、ent shall be cast to allow the normalisation procedure detailed in clause 6 to be carried out: one primary mix containing the cement content judged to give the reference strength; two secondary mixes: one containing 8 % by mass more cement than the primary mix and the other with 8 % by mass less cem
40、ent than the primary mix. NOTE When preparing concrete to have a given property, such as consistence or air content, it may be necessary to prepare and test trial mixes of varying composition to establish the required mix quantities. Prisms shall be at least 400 mm long with a cross-section of 100 m
41、m x 100 mm from which slices approximately 50 mm thick can be split off at each date of carbonation testing. The shortest dimension of the prism shall not be less than 4 times the maximum nominal upper aggregate size. Avoid or minimise the use of mould release agents on the prism moulds as they may
42、influence the carbonation depth. 5.2 Constituent materials 5.2.1 Sampling If bulk samples of aggregates are supplied, sub-samples for the test portions shall be taken in accordance with EN 932-1. Where required, samples shall be accompanied by a certificate of sampling in accordance with relevant Eu
43、ropean or national standards. Otherwise use the materials in the proportions supplied or specified for the concretes. 5.2.2 Cement and addition Upon their arrival at the laboratory, store the materials in separate airtight containers of appropriate size in a dry place. Before use, thoroughly stir ea
44、ch separate material, either using a hand tool or in a suitable mixer, in such a manner as to ensure the greatest possible uniformity, taking care to avoid the intrusion of foreign matter or loss of material. 5.2.3 Aggregate The aggregate shall be in one of the following conditions: oven-dry; air-dr
45、ied to (20 5) C; water-saturated surface-dry; saturated by soaking in water for at least 24 h. Where necessary, determine the water content in accordance with EN 1097-5 and the water absorption in accordance with EN 1097-6. The aggregates for each concrete batch shall be used either in separate size
46、 fractions or with an all-in grading. CEN/TS 12390-10:20077 5.3 Batching The quantity of concrete shall be at least 10 % more than that required for the proposed tests. Where feasible, the concrete shall be made in a single batch. For each concrete batch, weigh and batch the cement to an accuracy of
47、 at least 0,5 %, the admixtures to an accuracy of 5 % and the aggregates to an accuracy of 1%. Where admixtures are used, the manufacturers instructions for use shall be followed. 5.4 Mixing 5.4.1 General Mix the concrete in a room having an ambient temperature of (20 5) C and a relative humidity of
48、 not less than 50 %. If the aggregate is in a dry condition, soak it with some of the mixing water, while avoiding water loss by evaporation, to allow the aggregate to take up most of the water it will ultimately absorb. Where admixtures are used, they shall be added with the second portion of the m
49、ixing water. Mix the concrete by machine. The size of the batch shall be between 50 % and 90 % of the rated capacity of the mixer to avoid incomplete mixing and spillage. Before using the mixer, clean off any fresh concrete remaining from a previous batch. Ensure that no free water remains in the mixer. If using a pan mixer and it is dry, wipe the pan with a damp cloth immediately prior to use. If using a tilting drum mixer, place a small preliminary batch of similar proportions to the main batch
