1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 15087:2005 Determination of the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing Test method for mechanical fasteners ICS 91.060.20; 91.100.30 DD CEN/TS 15087:2005 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Stand
2、ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 February 2006 BSI 9 February 2006 ISBN 0 580 47764 9 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 15087:2005. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for D
3、evelopment series of publications and is of a provisional nature because it is considered that further experience is required in its application before it is converted into a European and hence British Standard. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of it
4、s practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after it
5、s publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the rev
6、iew period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Subcommittee B/542/1, Slating and tiling, at British Stand
7、ards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British St
8、andards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. T
9、his publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice di
10、splayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICALSPECIFICATION SPCIFICATIONTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHESPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS15087 December2005 ICS91.060.20;91.100.30 EnglishVersion Determinationoftheupliftresistanceofinst
11、alledclayand concreteinterlockingtilesforroofingTestmethodfor mechanicalfasteners Dterminationdelarsistanceausoulvementdestuiles embotemententerrecuiteouenbtonmisesenoeuvre surlatoitureMthodedessaidesfixationsmcaniques BestimmungdesAbhebewiderstandesvonverlegten DachziegelnoderBetondachsteinenPrfver
12、fahrenfr mechanischeVerbindungselemente ThisTechnicalSpecification(CEN/TS)wasapprovedbyCENon1March2005forprovisionalapplication. TheperiodofvalidityofthisCEN/TSislimitedinitiallytothreeyears.AftertwoyearsthemembersofCENwillberequested tosubmittheir comments,particularlyonthequestionwhethertheCEN/TSc
13、anbeconvertedintoaEuropeanStandard. CENmembersarerequiredtoannouncetheexistenceofthisCEN/TSinthesamewayasforanENandtomaketheCEN/TSavailable promptlyatnationallevelinanappropriateform.Itispermissibletokeepconflictingnationalstandardsinforce(inparall eltotheCEN/TS) untilthefinaldecisionaboutthepossibl
14、econversionoftheCEN/TSintoanENisreached. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Sw
15、itzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TS15087:2005:ECEN/TS 15087:20
16、05 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Symbols and abbreviations4 5 Sampling5 6 Test conditions .5 7 Test material6 8 Apparatus 6 9 Test Procedure6 10 Evaluation and expression of results8 11 Test report .9 Annex A (informative) Example of an a
17、rrangement of the test apparatus for determination of fastener strength.10 Annex B (informative) Hinged batten for supporting a test tile 11 Annex C (informative) Calculation of characteristic values 12 Annex D (informative) Maximum design value of the uplift resistance 13 Annex E (informative) Forc
18、e actions on clip in an assembly of roofing elements 14 CEN/TS 15087:2005 3 Foreword This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15087:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 128 “Roof covering products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding”, the secretariat of which is held
19、 by IBN. This document is applicable where the National application standards, and/or, regulations, specify a requirement for the uplift resistance of installed clay or concrete tiles for roofing. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nat
20、ional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
21、Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 4 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a test method for determining the strength and uplift resistance of fasteners for clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing. NOTE 1 The results of this test ma
22、y be used to determine the uplift force which can be withstood by the fastener; e.g. to withstand wind force. NOTE 2 When the results of the test method for mechanical fasteners have a correlation to the results of the roof system test method EN 14437 they can be used to establish the uplift resista
23、nce of installed clay and concrete tiles for roofing. The test method is applicable to mechanical fasteners such as clips, hooks, screws and nails. It is not applicable to fasteners which hold down more than one tile. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
24、 this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 characteristic value value of a material property having a prescribed probability of not being attained in a hypothetical unlimited test series; this value generally corresponds to a specific fractile of the assumed statis
25、tical distribution of the particular property of the material 3.2 gauge length of the exposed part of the fixed tile, measured longitudinally; this is the same as the batten gauge 3.3 mechanical fasteners screws, clips, nails and hooks 4 Symbols and abbreviations d max maximum displacement of tile D
26、 (mm); Ftest load, (N); F cforce acting on the mechanical fastener; F 0 test load without a fastener fitted (N); F i, MAXmaximum test load at failure (N); k na factor depending on the number of tests n; L hhanging length (mm); L Fdistance between the pivot line and the applied uplift force (mm); CEN
27、/TS 15087:20055 L C distance between the pivot line and the centre of the clip (mm); n number of tests; R dmaximum design value; R kcharacteristic fastener uplift resistance (N); R iindividual fastener uplift resistance (N); R xmean fastener uplift resistance (N); s xstandard deviation of the uplift
28、 resistance (N); partial safety factor for resistance, which may be defined by a national regulation; F tis the uplift force (N) acting in the centre of the exposed area of each tile or slate; g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9,81 ms 2;q is the moment arm (m) shown in Figure E.1; r is the momen
29、t arm (m) shown in Figure E.1; w tis the mass of one tile (kg); p is the moment arm (m) shown in Figure E.1; is the angle of the tile or slate to the horizontal (degrees) when laid on the roof. 5 Sampling The clay and concrete tiles for the roofing selected shall be representative of the tiles speci
30、fied by the manufacturer. The battens selected shall be representative, i.e., in line with the tile product and instructions of the clip manufacturer. The fasteners used for the test shall be representative of the manufactured product. In selecting the number of elements refer to Clauses 7 and 9, ta
31、king into consideration that in each case a trial test and at least 3 tests shall be conducted. NOTE The specification of the battens may include a reference to a national code of practice. 6 Test conditions Unless specified otherwise, the roofing tiles, fasteners and test frame shall be stored for
32、at least 24 hours in an environment of (20 5) C, and (60 20) % relative humidity, prior to the test. The manner of storage shall not interfere with the free exchange of moisture from or into the materials. The test shall be conducted in the same conditions as the storage. NOTE If in practice, the mo
33、isture content of the battens is expected to be different from the standard conditions, and if it is expected that this may influence the test results, this should be taken into account; e.g. by testing under the appropriate conditions and recording the moisture content of the battens used. CEN/TS 1
34、5087:20056 7 Test material The test materials shall be randomly chosen from the samples. 8 Apparatus 8.1 Test Rig An example of the apparatus is shown in Annex A, and consists of: a) a horizontal rigid base frame onto which is attached counter battens (to simulate rafters at the maximum intended raf
35、ter centres) and tiling battens set at the appropriate gauge. The top tiling batten shall be attached to the counter battens by hinges (see Annex B); b) the tiles to be tested are fastened to the battens with tail clips fixed to the tail (lower half of tile) batten and/or nails/screws /head clips fi
36、xed to the head (top part of tile) batten; c) a means of loading test sample via a load application device, capable of applying a loading rate of not less than 100 N/min initially in a direction normal to the tile surface at the loading point; d) a load application device that includes a calibrated
37、force-measuring device e.g. load cell. The load application device shall be hinged at both ends and the length of the device between the hinges should exceed the hanging length of the tile; e) a rigid bar, incorporating an accurate system for locating and supporting a calibrated displacement- measur
38、ing device, the bar shall permit the tail of the fixed tile to be raised by d max(see 9.2.3 d). 8.2 Force measuring device A calibrated force-measuring device shall be used to determine the uplift force having a maximum inaccuracy in combination with the reading equipment of 1 % of the measured valu
39、e or 10 N, whichever is the larger. 8.3 Measuring device for displacement of the roofing tiles A calibrated displacement-measuring device shall be used to determine the displacement of the roofing tiles and shall have a maximum inaccuracy of 0,2 mm. The displacement-measuring device shall not exert
40、forces larger than 1 % of the uplift force. The measuring device shall be able to measure displacements in excess of d max . NOTE Other apparatus satisfying Clause 8 may also be used. 9 Test Procedure 9.1 Procedure for Setting up the Test Fix the counter-battens (to simulate the rafters) to the base
41、 frame at 600 mm spacing. Fix the battens of appropriate dimensions to the counter-battens at the specified minimum gauge for the roofing element. Referring to Figure 1 lay tiles A and B. CEN/TS 15087:20057 Straight bond: Broken (half) bond: Figure 1: Arrangement of tiles (A, B, B 1 , B 2 , C, D are
42、 tiles) The load application device shall be attached to tile C at the centre of its exposed area. Lay tile C then attach and fix the fastener to the test sample in accordance with the relevant specification and normal standards of workmanship, then lay tile D without fastener. Securely fix tiles C
43、and D at their heads to the top (hinged) batten (e.g. by nails, screws, bolts or clamps). If the fixing configuration under test includes head fasteners then the head of tile C shall be fixed with the test head fasteners and the hinged batten replaced with a fixed batten and arrangements made to hav
44、e a tile overlap tile C to allow the measurement of the residual displacement. Attach the displacement-measuring device to its rigid support such that it measures the displacement of tile D over the fastener position and in a direction normal to the surface of tile D. NOTE 1 The lower batten, suppor
45、ting the tails of tiles A and B, will need to be of greater depth e.g. double batten than the other battens so that tiles A and B will lay parallel to tiles C and D in the final assembly. NOTE 2 Care should be taken to ensure that the size and/or positioning of the hinges on the top batten does not
46、interfere with the seating of the tiles. NOTE 3 Most interlocking tiles are laid from right to left. If the test tiles are those which are laid from left to right then the arrangement shown in Annex A and Figure 1 should be treated as a mirror image with tile numbers and instructions adjusted accord
47、ingly. NOTE 4 Most tiles can be laid in straight bond, but if they can only be laid in broken (half) bond then the alternative arrangement shown in Figure 1 should be used. NOTE 5 For convenience, a small hole may be made through tile C at the centre of the exposed area for attaching the load applic
48、ation device. NOTE 6 For preliminary tests lay tiles without fasteners (reference 9.2.1). 9.2 Procedure for conducting the test 9.2.1 Zero the measuring equipment Carry out a preliminary test without a fastener in order to determine the test force, F 0 , measured on the calibrated force-measuring device, required to lift tiles C and D by 10 mm when no fastener is fitted. NOTE F 0 , represents the influence of the self weight of the tiles C and D and eliminates the need to weigh these tiles and calculate moments. 9.2
