1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 15364:2006 Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour tests Acid and base neutralization capacity test ICS 47.020.30 DD CEN/TS 15364:2006 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2006 BSI
2、2006 ISBN 0 580 48237 5 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 15364:2006. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It
3、should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained. A review of this Draft for Development will be carried out not later than 2 years after its publication. Notification of the start of the review period, with a request for th
4、e submission of comments from users of this Draft for Development, will be made in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received, the responsible BSI Committee will judge whether the Draft for Development can be converted into a British Standard or what other action sh
5、ould be taken. Observations which it is felt should receive attention before the official call for comments will be welcomed. These should be sent to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee B/508/3, Characterisation of waste, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving
6、 the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publica
7、tions referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the neces
8、sary provisions of a contract. Users are resposible for its correct application. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was l
9、ast issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICALSPECIFICATION SPCIFICATIONTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHESPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS15364 April2006 ICS47.020.30 EnglishVersion CharacterizationofwasteLeachingbehaviourtestsAcidand baseneutralizationcapacitytest CaractrisationdesdchetsEssa
10、isdecomportementla lixiviationEssaidecapacitdeneutralisationdesacides etdesbases CharakterisierungvonAbfllenUntersuchungdes AuslaugungsverhaltensPrfungderSureundBase Neutralisierungskapazitt ThisTechnicalSpecification(CEN/TS)wasapprovedbyCENon2February2006forprovisionalapplication. Theperiodofvalidi
11、tyofthisCEN/TSislimitedinitiallytothreeyears.AftertwoyearsthemembersofCENwillberequested tosubmittheir comments,particularlyonthequestionwhethertheCEN/TScanbeconvertedintoaEuropeanStandard. CENmembersarerequiredtoannouncetheexistenceofthisCEN/TSinthesamewayasforanENandtomaketheCEN/TSavailable prompt
12、lyatnationallevelinanappropriateform.Itispermissibletokeepconflictingnationalstandardsinforce(inparall eltotheCEN/TS) untilthefinaldecisionaboutthepossibleconversionoftheCEN/TSintoanENisreached. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Fra
13、nce, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ru
14、edeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2006CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TS15364:2006:ECEN/TS 15364:2006 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations 6 5 P
15、rinciple .6 6 Reagents and laboratory devices.7 7 Sampling 7 8 Test procedure.9 9 Performance characteristics.12 10 Test report12 Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet .13 Annex B (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption.14 Annex C (informative) Examples of acid a
16、nd base neutralisation capacities for waste, soil, sediment and construction materials and use of the data .18 Annex D (informative) Examples of steps in the full evaluation of ANC and BNC for waste materials.20 Bibliography.21 CEN/TS 15364:2006 3 Foreword This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15364:
17、2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterisation of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: A
18、ustria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 4 Introduction This
19、Technical Specification has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three categories. The relationship between these tests are summarized bel
20、ow: 1. “Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, age
21、ing of waste and physical parameters are addressed in these tests. 2. “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with specific reference values. The tests focus on key variables and leaching behavior previously identified by basic characterizatio
22、n tests. 3. “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that one which has been subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this Technical Specification belongs
23、 to category (1): basic characterization tests. NOTE When sufficient information is available for a material type or class, a single measurement to a relevant final pH may suffice. In that case, the procedure would qualify as a category 2 method. In the test, which is described in this Technical Spe
24、cification, equilibrium condition is established at different pH values as a result of the reaction between pre-selected amounts of acid or base and test portions of the waste material. Size reduction is performed to accelerate reaching of equilibrium condition. This test is different from the metho
25、d to assess the influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition, in that the chemical analysis of inorganic constituents in eluates produced is not carried out. The neutralization capacity can also be derived from a test addressing the influence of pH on leaching by continuous pH control
26、 as described in prEN 14997. The test addressing the influence of pH on leaching by continuous pH control can be particularly suitable in the case of measurement of pH influence on leaching at a pH where a small pH change leads to strong change in release. CEN/TS 15364:2006 5 1 Scope This Technical
27、Specification is applicable to determine the acid and/or base neutralization capacity of a material. The property is expressed in mol/kg. This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determinat
28、ion of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. The property allows assessing the final pH of mixed waste as well as consequences of external influences (carbonation, oxidation) on the pH of a waste. NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods,
29、behavioral modeling and model validation as specified in EN 12920. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
30、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 14346:2004, Characterization of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue and water content EN 14899, Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampli
31、ng Plan 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry residue w drremaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C prEN 14346:2004 3.2 eluate solution obtained by a laboratory leaching test 3.3 equilibr
32、ium condition condition achieved when the pH deviation during a checking period at the last 4 h of the test is below 0,3 pH unit 3.4 laboratory sample sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory IUPAC, 1997 3.5 liquid to solid-ratio L/S ratio between the amount of liquid (L) and of
33、solid (S) in the test NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg dry matter. 3.6 leachant liquid to be mixed with the test portion in the leaching procedure CEN/TS 15364:2006 6 3.7 suspension mixture of leachant and test portion 3.8 test portion amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of
34、known weight or volume IUPAC, 1997 3.9 test sample sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis IUPAC, 1997 4 Symbols and abbreviations ANC acid neutralization capacity BNC base neutralization capacity DM dry matter L/S liquid to solid rat
35、io M ddried mass of the test portion m dmass after drying M wun-dried mass of the test portion m rmass before drying t 0time at the start of the leaching test V A/Bvolume of acid or base used in leachant V deminvolume of de-mineralized water used in leachant V Lvolume of added leachant w drdry resid
36、ue of the waste 5 Principle Separate test portions are prepared at a fixed L/S ratio with leachants containing pre-selected amounts of acid or base in order to reach stationary pH values at the end of the extraction period. Each leachant is added in three steps in the beginning of the test. At least
37、 8 final pH-values are required, covering at the minimum the range pH 4 to pH 12 (both included i.e. the lowest value 4 and the highest value 12). From the amounts of acid or base needed to cover the pH range the acid or base neutralization capacity (ANC, BNC) of the test material is determined. The
38、 equilibrium condition as defined in 8.1 is verified at the end of the extraction period. For each final pH value the quantity of acid that is added is expressed in mol H+/kg DM and the quantity of base that is added is expressed as negative mol H + /kg DM (-mol H + /kg DM). The net mol/kg (+ for ac
39、id - for base) is presented as a function of pH. CEN/TS 15364:2006 7 NOTE The pH range covered by the test may be restricted to a pH range relevant for the specific material and the considered problem (see 8.2). 6 Reagents and laboratory devices 6.1 Reagents 6.1.1 Distilled water, demineralized wate
40、r or water of equivalent purity with a conductivity 0,1 mS/m 6.1.2 Nitric acid (pro analysis), 0,1 mol/l to 5 mol/l 6.1.3 Nitric acid (pro analysis), 1 mol/l 6.1.4 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, 0,1 mol/l to 5 mol/l 6.2 Laboratory devices 6.2.1 Agitation device: end-over-end tumbler (5 r/min to 10 r/min) o
41、r roller table rotating at about 10 r/min 6.2.2 Analytical balance (accurate to 0,1 g) 6.2.3 Bottles (250 ml for the test portions of 15 g of dry mass, 500 ml for test portions of 30 g dry mass and 1 l for test portions of 60 g dry mass) made of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE). 6.2.4 Crushin
42、g equipment, e.g. a jaw crusher NOTE Crushing is prescribed to avoid unnecessary grinding to very fine particle sizes, such as takes place in a rotary swing mill, ball mill or similar device. 6.2.5 pH meter with a measurement accuracy of at least 0,05 pH units NOTE At high pH values the use of speci
43、fic electrodes is recommended. 6.2.6 Sample splitters for a minimum test portion size equivalent of 15 g of dry mass 6.2.7 Sieving equipment with sieve of 1 mm nominal screen sizes 7 Sampling 7.1 Laboratory sample The laboratory sample shall consist of a mass equivalent of at least 1 kg of dry mass.
44、 Perform sampling in accordance with EN 14899 or a standard derived from EN 14899 in order to obtain a representative laboratory sample. CEN/TS 15364:2006 8 7.2 Preparation of test sample The tests shall be made on material with a grain size of 95 % less than 1 mm. In order to ensure that the test s
45、ample consists in 95 % mass of particles less than 1 mm in diameter, it shall be sieved, using the sieving equipment (see 6.2.7), to separate the oversized particles. If oversized material exceeds 5 % (mass) the entire oversized fraction shall be crushed. Any non-crushable material (e.g. metallic pa
46、rts such as nuts, bolts, scrap) shall be separated from the oversized fraction and the weight and nature of the non-crushable material shall be recorded. Crushed and uncrushed material shall be mixed to constitute the test sample. Moist material that is not possible to sieve needs to be dried prior
47、to sieving and/or crushing. The drying temperature shall not exceed 40 C. NOTE 1 There is no obligation to sieve if it is obvious that the material will fully pass the sieve on 1 mm. NOTE 2 The crushed material can change upon storage due to ageing of fresh surfaces. It is therefore preferable to te
48、st the material as soon as possible after crushing. NOTE 3 It is recommended that materials with a high natural pH be crushed under nitrogen in order to avoid contact with air leading to carbonation. 7.3 Determination of dry residue The whole test sample, complying with the size criteria in 7.2 shall not be further dried. The dry residue (w dr ) of the test sample shall be determined on a separate test portion. The dry residue shall be determined at 105 C 5 C according to prEN 14346. The dry residue is calculated a
