1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisturecontent using the oven drymethodPart 2: Determination of total moisturecontent by a simplified methodDD CEN/T
2、S 15414-2:2010 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15414-2:2010. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2006 which iswithdrawn.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series
3、of publicationsand is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on thisprovisional basis, so that information and experience of its practicalapplication can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Developmentare requested so that UK experience can be reported to theinternatio
4、nal organization responsible for its conversion toan international standard. A review of this publication willbe initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by theinternational organization so that a decision can be taken on itsstatus. Notification of the start of the review period will b
5、e made inan announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to wi
6、thdraw it. Comments should be sentto the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on thi
7、s committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 69177 5ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromle
8、gal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority ofthe Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedDD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15414
9、-2 June 2010 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15414-2:2006English Version Solid recovered fuels - Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method - Part 2: Determination of total moisture content by a simplified method Combustibles solides de rcupration - Dtermination de lhumidit par la m
10、thode de schage ltuve - Partie 2 : Dtermination de lhumidit totale par une mthode simplifie Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes unter Verwendung des Verfahrens der Ofentrocknung - Teil 2: Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Wasser mittels eines vereinfachten Verfahrens This Technic
11、al Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 March 2010 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be
12、 converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to th
13、e CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La
14、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brus
15、sels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15414-2:2010: EDD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle 4 5 App
16、aratus .4 6 Sample preparation .4 7 Procedure .5 8 Calculation 6 9 Precision .6 10 Test report 6 Bibliography 7 DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15414-2:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of
17、 which is held by SFS. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15414-2:2006. CEN/TS 15414 Soli
18、d recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method“ consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample (EN) This document
19、differs from CEN/TS 15414-2:2006 only by editorial changes. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
20、onia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technica
21、l Specification specifies a method for the determination of total moisture content of solid recovered fuels (SRF) by drying a sample in an oven. This method is suitable for use for routine production control on site, e.g. if a high precision of the determination of moisture content is not required.
22、It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels. NOTE 1 The total moisture content of recovered fuels is not an absolute value and therefore standardised conditions for its determination are indispensable to enable comparative determinations. NOTE 2 The term moisture content when used with SRF can be
23、misleading since these materials often contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate if determining moisture content by oven drying. NOTE 3 This Technical Specification is based on EN 14774-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensab
24、le for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 15357:2008, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions prEN 15442, Solid
25、recovered fuels Methods for sampling prEN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for laboratory sample preparation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357:2008 apply. 4 Principle The sample of recovered fuel is dried at a temperature of
26、105 C in air atmosphere until constant mass is reached. The mass fraction of moisture in percent is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (105 2) C (see declaration of the manufacturer) and in which the air atmosphere changes betw
27、een three and five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from their drying container (5.2). 5.2 Drying container of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material, e.g. metal tray, glass dish, porcelain dish. 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing the sampl
28、e and drying container (5.2), as received, to the nearest 0,1 g. 6 Sample preparation 6.1 The sample shall be taken and prepared in accordance with prEN 15442 and prEN 15443. It shall be delivered into the laboratory in sealed water resistant and airtight containers or bags. DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CE
29、N/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 5 NOTE Precautions should be carried out to ensure that the moisture content remains constant during preparation of the sample. Coarse materials, for example, small wood and chunk wood, should be prepared by using equipment appropriate for the fuel type, e.g. slow rotation grin
30、der, shredder, to a thickness of maximum 30 mm for the test material. 6.2 The sample shall be weighed immediately after the sample preparation. The sample mass shall be at least 300 g but preferably greater than 500 g. NOTE 1 Solid recovered fuels are heterogeneous materials in many cases. Therefore
31、, a sample size of minimum 300 g is necessary to obtain representative test portions. NOTE 2 For large particle size samples with a nominal top size of 100 mm, a sample mass of 1 kg to 2 kg should be preferred. 7 Procedure 7.1 Weigh an empty clean drying container (5.2) to the nearest 0,1 g, transfe
32、r the sample from the container or bag to the drying container (5.2). In case of moisture left on the inner surfaces of the bag or container, this amount of moisture shall be included in the calculation of the moisture content. Dry the sample packing (container, bag etc.) in the drying oven (5.1) an
33、d weigh the packing before and after drying. If the packing material cannot resist a temperature of 105 C, it shall be allowed to dry at room temperature by placing it open in the laboratory. As an alternative for some types of solid recovered fuels which can re-absorb condensed moisture (e.g. saw d
34、ust), it is permissible that the bag or container together with the sample it contains is shaken such that the condensed moisture is fully re-absorbed into the sample. NOTE As the necessary drying time among other things depends on the thickness of the sample layer, sample layers too depth should be
35、 avoided. Do not use larger dimensions of the drying container (5.2) than necessary in relation to the size of the sample due to buoyancy when hot weighing is undertaken (see CEN/TS 15414-1). 7.2 Weigh the drying container (5.2) with the sample and place it in the drying oven (5.1) controlled at (10
36、5 2) C. Heat the drying container (5.2) with the sample until constant mass is reached as specified in 7.3. Do not overload the drying oven (5.1). NOTE There should be enough empty room over the sample layer and also between the drying containers (5.2). WARNING For some materials present in solid re
37、covered fuels there can be a risk of self-ignition when drying at 105 C. 7.3 Solid recovered fuels are hygroscopic and therefore the drying container (5.2) with the sample shall be re-weighed to the nearest 0,1 g when still hot within 10 s to 15 s to avoid absorption of moisture. Use heat-insulating
38、 material on the balance pan to protect it from direct contact with the hot drying container (5.2). Mass constancy is reached if the change of mass not exceeds 0,2 % of the total loss in mass during a further period of heating at (105 2) C over a duration of 60 min. The drying time required depends
39、on the particle size of the sample, the rate of atmosphere change in the drying oven (5.1), the thickness of the sample layer etc. NOTE 1 Generally the drying time should not exceed 24 h to prevent unnecessary losses of volatile compounds. NOTE 2 The required drying time should be determined in pre-
40、tests on similar fuel types with comparable particle size. DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 6 8 Calculation Calculate the moisture content, Mar, in the solid recovered fuel, as received, expressed as mass fraction in percent, using Equation (1): 100)()(412432ar+=mmmmmmM (1) where m1is t
41、he mass of the empty drying container (5.2), in grams; m2is the mass of the drying container (5.2) and sample before drying, in grams; m3is the mass of the drying container (5.2) and sample after drying, in grams; m4is the mass of the moisture associated with the packing, in grams. The result for ea
42、ch individual determination shall be calculated on wet basis to two decimal places, and the mean value of the individual results shall be calculated and rounded to the nearest 0,1 %. The mean value shall be recorded in the test report. 9 Precision Because of the varying nature of the solid recovered
43、 fuels covered by this Technical Specification, it is not possible to give a precision statement (repeatability or reproducibility) for this test method at the present time. 10 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) name of the testing laboratory; b) date of
44、 the test; c) identification of the product or sample tested; d) reference to this Technical Specification, i.e. CEN/TS 15414-2; e) test results on wet basis according to Clause 8; f) any deviation from this Technical Specification; g) any unusual features observed during the test procedure which ma
45、y have affected the test results. DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2010CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (E) 7 Bibliography CEN/TS 15414-1, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Methods for determ
46、ination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standardsand other standards-related publications, information and services. I
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