1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD CEN/TS 15718:2011Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Product requirements for castwheelsDD CEN/TS 15718:2011 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational forewordThis Draft for Develop
2、ment is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15718:2011.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of
3、 its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an international standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not
4、 later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announce-ment in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the
5、review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Spe-cification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards Ho
6、use, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/3/-/1, Railway Applications - Wheels and Wheelsets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Normative A (mandatory) req
7、uirement defined as an expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with the document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted CEN/ CENELEC internal Regulations, Part 3: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of European Standards (PNE-Rules
8、).Informative Information (not mandatory) intended to assist the un-derstanding or use of the document. Informative annexes shall not contain requirements, except as optional requirements. (For example, a test method that is optional may contain requirements but there is no need to comply with these
9、 requirements to claim compliance with the document.)This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68827 0ICS 45.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from lega
10、l obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedDD CEN/TS 15718:2011TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15718
11、 September 2011 ICS 45.040 English Version Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Product requirements for cast wheels Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Exigences pour roues en acier moul Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Produktanforderungen fr Gussrder This Te
12、chnical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 January 2011 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS
13、can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel
14、 to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ita
15、ly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-100
16、0 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15718:2011: EDD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Product definition 7 3.1 Che
17、mical composition 7 3.1.1 Values to be achieved .7 3.1.2 Location of the sample 7 3.1.3 Chemical analysis 7 3.2 Mechanical characteristics .7 3.2.1 Tensile test characteristics .7 3.2.2 Hardness characteristics in the rim .9 3.2.3 Impact test characteristics .10 3.2.4 Fatigue characteristics 10 3.2.
18、5 Fracture toughness characteristics of the rim .11 3.3 Heat treatment homogeneity 12 3.3.1 Location of measurement .12 3.3.2 Values to be achieved .12 3.3.3 Test method 12 3.4 Metallurgical structure 12 3.5 Material cleanliness .12 3.5.1 Micrographic cleanliness 12 3.5.2 Internal integrity .13 3.6
19、Residual stresses 16 3.6.1 General 16 3.6.2 Values to be achieved .16 3.6.3 Test piece .17 3.6.4 Measurement methods 17 3.7 Surface characteristics .17 3.7.1 Surface appearance .17 3.7.2 Surface integrity .17 3.8 Geometric tolerances 18 3.9 Static imbalance .20 3.10 Shot peening - Requirements .20 3
20、.10.1 General 20 3.10.2 Values to be achieved .21 3.10.3 Measurement method 21 3.11 Protection against corrosion 21 3.12 Wheel maintenance capacity 21 3.13 Manufactures markings .21 Annex A (normative) Hydrogen control at the point of steel melt for monobloc wheels 23 A.1 Sampling .23 A.2 Analysis m
21、ethods 23 A.3 Operating precautions 23 Annex B (informative) Example of a test method for the determination of fatigue characteristics .24 B.1 Test piece .24 B.2 Test rig 24 B.3 Test monitoring 24 B.4 Analysis of results .24 DD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 3 Annex C (informative) Strain ga
22、uge method for determining the variation of circumferential residual stresses located deep under the tread (destructive method) . 25 C.1 Principle . 25 C.2 Procedure . 25 C.2.1 Fitting of a rim cross section with strain gauges prior to wheel cutting . 25 C.2.2 Execution of cutting 25 C.2.3 Operation
23、s to be executed during cutting 26 C.3 Expression of results 26 C.3.1 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential residual stress located deep under the tread 26 C.3.2 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential stress created by cutting operation 1 26 C.3.3 Calculation of the variat
24、ion of the circumferential stress created by cutting operation 2 27 C.3.4 Calculation of the variation of the circumferential stress created by cutting operation 3 27 C.3.5 Final diagram representing the variation of the circumferential stress located deep under the tread . 27 Annex D (informative)
25、Product qualification 31 D.1 General . 31 D.2 Requirements . 31 D.2.1 Requirements for the producer 31 D.2.2 Requirements for the product 32 D.3 Qualification procedure 32 D.3.1 General . 32 D.3.2 Documentation required . 32 D.3.3 Evaluation of manufacturing equipment and of the production processes
26、 . 33 D.3.4 Laboratory tests 33 D.3.5 Testing of wheels 34 D.4 Qualification certificate . 34 D.4.1 Condition of the validity 34 D.4.2 Modification and extension 34 D.4.3 Transference 35 D.4.4 Lapsed certificate 35 D.4.5 Cancellation . 35 D.5 Qualification documents . 35 Annex E (informative) Produc
27、t delivery 36 E.1 General . 36 E.2 Delivery condition . 36 E.3 Controls on each wheel 37 E.4 Batch control . 37 E.4.1 Controls 37 E.4.2 Uniformity of batches by measurement of rim hardness 38 E.4.3 Orientation of residual stresses on rim chilled wheels . 39 E.4.4 Shot peening 39 E.4.5 Visual inspect
28、ion . 40 E.4.6 Quality plan 40 E.5 Allowable rectification 41 Bibliography 42 DD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15718:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Your attention is
29、drawn to the fact that certain elements in this document may be subject to intellectual property or similar rights. CEN and/or CENELEC cannot be held responsible for not identifying such property rights and providing a warning of their existence. This document has been prepared under a mandate given
30、 to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/CE. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specificatio
31、n: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the U
32、nited Kingdom. DD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 5 Introduction Prior to the publication of this Technical Specification, the only European Standard available to define quality requirements for monobloc wheels was EN 13262, which applies only to forged and rolled wheels. Forging and rolling
33、was the only authorized process to be used by the UIC regulation that was applicable in the recent past for European countries. Cast wheels are commonly used by AAR networks and have been introduced into Europe on some applications for freight wagons. As a reference document, this standard defines t
34、he product requirements of a monobloc cast wheel. In order for a cast wheel to maintain the same level of safety as for a forged and rolled wheel, for the product characteristics, the main content of this document is derived from EN 13262. This standard addresses a complete definition of the product
35、 and delivery procedures for cast wheels by: a) defining all the wheel characteristics; NOTE 1 These are either verified during the qualification or for the delivery of the product (see Clause 3). b) defining qualification procedures (see Annex D); c) defining delivery conditions (see Annex E). NOTE
36、 2 A choice is given to the supplier, of either: 1) a traditional delivery procedure with a control by batch sampling as in existing documents (see E.4) or; 2) delivery procedure using quality assurance concepts (see E.4.6). . DD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This technical standa
37、rd specifies the characteristics of cast railway wheels for use on European networks. Two steel grades, C ER7 and C ER8, are defined in this Technical Specification. For tread-braked wheels; only C ER7 is used. This Technical Specification is applicable to cast wheels which have a chilled rim. The s
38、tandard is only applicable to cast wheels that have satisfied the technical approval procedure according to CEN/TS 13979-2. This Technical Specification applies only to wheels used in freight wagon applications for speeds up to and including 120 km/h. 2 Normative references The following referenced
39、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13262, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Wheels Product require
40、ments EN 10045-1, Metallic materials Charpy impact test Part 1: Test method EN ISO 148-1, Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1:2009) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic mate
41、rials Tensile testing. Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6298-1:2009). ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out. ISO 5948:1994, Railway rolling stock material Ultrasonic acceptance testing ISO 693
42、3:1986, Railway rolling stock material Magnetic particle acceptance testing ISO/TR 97691), Steel and iron Review of available methods of analysis ISO 14284, Steel and iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition ASTM E 399-90:1990, Test method for plane-stra
43、in fracture toughness of metallic materials ASTM E1245, Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis SAE J827, High-carbon cast-steel shot SAE J442, Test strip, holder and gage for shot peening SAE J443, Procedures for usin
44、g standard shot peening test strip 1) See also CEN report CR 10261:1995. DD CEN/TS 15718:2011CEN/TS 15718:2011 (E) 7 SAE J444, Cast shot and grit size specifications for peening and cleaning 3 Product definition When the characteristics of the wheel vary as a result of the casting process, the test
45、pieces shall be taken from the worst-case location. The worst-case location has to be defined during the product qualification process by means of comparative tests in different parts of the wheel (feeder head area, outside feeder head area, intermediate). These defined locations are valid for a giv
46、en manufacturing process and used for the ongoing production. In the case of a process change, these locations will have to be defined again. 3.1 Chemical composition 3.1.1 Values to be achieved The maximum percentage contents of the various elements contained within cast wheels shall be as given in
47、 Table 1. Table 1 Maximum content of various elements within cast wheels Steel grade Maximum content % C SicMn PaSa, bCr Cu MocNi V Cr + Mo + Ni CER7 0,52 0,6 0,80 0,020 0,02 0,30 0,30 0,12 0,30 0,06 0,52 CER8 0,56 0,6 0,80 0,020 0,02 0,30 0,30 0,12 0,30 0,06 0,52 NOTE For special applications, vari
48、ations within the maximum limit of these values may be agreed. aA maximum content of 0,025 % may be agreed at the time of enquiry or order. bA minimum sulfur content may be agreed at the time of enquiry and at the time of order in order to safeguard against hydrogen cracking. c These values exceed t
49、hose in EN 13262. It shall be ensured that use of these values does not adversely affect the metallurgical structure of the wheel. 3.1.2 Location of the sample The sample used for determining the chemical composition shall be taken 15 mm below the tread at its nominal diameter. 3.1.3 Chemical analysis The chemical composition analysis shall be performed according to methods and definitions that are described in ISO/TR 9769. 3.2 Mechanical characteristics 3.2.1 Tensile test characteristics 3.2.1.1 Values to be achieved Cast wheels shall
