1、 Standard Vehicle Headlighting Systems Photometric Performance - Method of Assessment Systmes dclairage des vhicules routiers - efficacit photomtric - mthode pour valuer Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer Photometrische Leistungsmerkmale - Bewertungsmethode CIE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be repr
2、oduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CIE. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna CIE S 021/E:2011 Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: 628.971.85 Descriptor: Lighting by lamps attached to the vehicle 628.971.85:629.113.06 Lighting by motor vehicle lamps CIE S 021/E
3、:2011 CIE S 021/E:2011 II CIE 2011 - All rights reserved CIE 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
4、 CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 714 3187 18 e-mail: ciecbcie.co.at www.cie.co.at CIE S 021/E:2011 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved III Foreword Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de lEcl
5、airage are concise documents on aspects of light and lighting that require a unique definition. They are a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. This CIE Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Commi
6、ttee 4-45 1 “Performance Assessment Method for Vehicle Headlamps” and is derived from CIE 188:2010, which was produced by the same committee. 1 This TC was chaired by G. Draper (GB) (until 2009), K. Koeth (DE) (until 2010), and G. Langhammer (DE) (from 2011). Members were: T. Adachi (JP), T. Bauckha
7、ge (DE), A. Bissieres (FR), T. Carter (GB), M. Cejnek (CZ), B. Delaunay (BE), L. Dellby (SE), G. Dorleans (FR), K. Fadel (FR), J. Hasegawa (JP), T. Izawa (BE), M. Kleinkes (DE), K. Koeth (DE), M. Kocian (CZ), K. Manz (DE), F. Mller (DE), R. Neumann (DE), H. Scheidegger (FR), O. Schmidt (DE), I. Schn
8、eider (DE), T. Spingler (DE), T. Targosinski (PL), S. Troccon (FR), W. van Laarhoven (NL), S. Vlker (DE), S. Watson (GB), Y. Yamada (JP). CIE S 021/E:2011 IV CIE 2011 - All rights reserved CONTENTS Foreword III 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Headlight Performance 2 4.
9、1 General 2 4.2 Assessment Requirements 2 4.3 Assessment of Simulated Headlights 2 5 Beam Assessment Parameters 2 6 Assessment Procedure 3 6.1 Basis of the Procedure 3 6.2 Passing Beam Illumination 3 6.2.1 Summary of Process 3 6.2.2 Passing Beam Range Assessment Procedure Zones A and B 4 6.2.3 Passi
10、ng Beam Range Assessment for Offside Pedestrian Visibility Zone C 7 6.2.4 Total Luminous Flux 7 6.2.5 Passing Beam Width Assessment Zones D and E 7 6.2.6 Passing Beam Glare 8 6.3 Driving Beam Illumination 11 6.3.1 Summary of Process 11 6.3.2 Assessment of Range 11 6.3.3 Assessment of Width 11 6.3.4
11、Total Luminous Flux 11 7 Measurement and Calculation 13 7.1 Photometric Measurement of Each Headlight 13 7.2 Data Relating to the Installation of the Headlighting System on the Vehicle 14 7.3 Software Algorithms for the Analysis of the Headlight Data 15 8 List of Results 17 9 Reporting and Presentat
12、ion of Results 18 Bibliography 18 CIE S 021/E:2011 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved 1 Vehicle Headlighting Systems Photometric Performance - Method of Assessment 1 Scope This Standard specifies a method to consistently assess the photometric performance of vehicle headlighting systems to enable the pe
13、rformance of different systems to be compared. The requirements are given in relation to road scene illumination and the limitation of glare, and the performance is assessed using parameters relevant to lane guidance and the detection of pedestrians and objects. The Standard includes a measurement a
14、nd calculation procedure. It does not specify the format of an assessment report. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
15、referenced document (including amendments) applies. CIE 188:2010, Performance Assessment Method for Vehicle Headlighting Systems, 2010. CIE DS 017.2/E:2009, International Lighting Vocabulary, 2009. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equip
16、ment, US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2007. GTB Working Group Photometry, Photometry Laboratory Accuracy Guidelines, Edition 3, 2005. SAE J1383, Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps, 2010. UNECE Regulation 37, Uniform Provisions Concer
17、ning the Approval of Filament Lamps for Use in Approved Lamp Units on Power-Driven Vehicles and of their Trailers, available at . UNECE Regulation 99, Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Gas-Discharge Light Sources for Use in Approved Gas-Discharge Lamp Units of Power-Driven Vehicles, avai
18、lable at . 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in the International Lighting Vocabulary (CIE DS 017.2/E:2009) and the following apply: 3.1 headlighting system a full set of headlights as installed to a vehicle 3.2 nearside for traffic following t
19、he right-hand rule of the road, the right side of the vehicle 3.3 offside for traffic following the right-hand rule of the road, the left side of the vehicle NOTE With regard to the performance of the passing beam it is necessary to define whether the traffic flow is for right-hand or left-hand rule
20、 of the road. For the purposes of this Standard it is assumed that the traffic is following the right-hand rule of the road (as in mainland Europe and USA for example) and all reference to features of the beam pattern and photometric performance is related to this. In the case of traffic following t
21、he left-hand rule of the road (as in Japan and the UK for example) a reference to a feature on the right in this document should be transformed to refer to an identical feature translated to the left side. CIE S 021/E:2011 2 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved 4 Headlight Performance 4.1 General The asse
22、ssment method given in this Standard is a means of evaluating headlighting system performance, to enable the performance of different systems to be compared. It uses techniques that produce repeatable results, and has been developed to give correspondence with the subjective impressions of the drive
23、r. When assessing the compliance of a headlighting system to safety regulations or standards with this method, it is solely the photometry of the passing beam and driving beam that is evaluated using calibrated equipment in the photometric laboratory. NOTE 1 In service, the photometric performance o
24、f the headlight is influenced by a number of factors that will cause the actual performance to differ from that defined in regulations or standards. These include mounting height, supply voltage/operating current, beam alignment, variations in light source geometry and the headlight optical system,
25、luminous flux, etc. Vehicle headlights illuminate the road scene ahead of the vehicle in order to provide guidance for the driver to retain control of the vehicle through adequate illumination of road markings, the edges of the road and features such as verges, trees and road signs, and to provide e
26、arly warning of the presence of obstacles including pedestrians and other road users. It is also necessary that headlighting system performance is such that glare to vehicles travelling in the opposite direction is controlled. NOTE 2 Reflected glare in rear view mirrors caused by the headlights of f
27、ollowing vehicles is not taken into account, as technologies exist to reduce the reflectivity of the mirrors. 4.2 Assessment Requirements The vertical illuminance2 provided by the headlighting system shall be determined both at the road surface and at a horizontal plane located 250 mm above the road
28、 surface, using the assessment procedure and measurement and calculation procedure described in Clauses 6 and 7 respectively. To ensure repeatability of results and to avoid interpolation errors when transforming data between matrices, the measurements and calculations shall exactly follow the proce
29、dures set out in these clauses. NOTE The height of 250 mm corresponds to the mid-point of the leg of an average pedestrian. 4.3 Assessment of Simulated Headlights During the development of headlights it may be necessary to produce a performance assessment of a new model at the design stage before to
30、oling has been manufactured. Software packages can be used to provide simulations of photometric data for the design, produced from CAD data. This simulated photometric data can be used as an input into the measurement and calculation procedure described in Clause 7, replacing the photometric measur
31、ement described in 7.1 a) to d). The output from the simulation software shall comply with the requirements given in 7.1 e). 5 Beam Assessment Parameters The assessment of the passing beam takes account of the following requirements: range for guidance, range for pedestrian detection, width for lane
32、 guidance, visibility on curves, width for pedestrian detection at intersections, opposing glare. 2 In the following, if not indicated elsewise, vertical illuminances are meant when speaking of illuminances. CIE S 021/E:2011 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved 3 The assessment of the driving beam takes a
33、ccount of the following requirements: range for pedestrian detection, lane guidance and visibility, width for pedestrian detection at intersections. The assessment for both beams includes the calculation of the total projected luminous flux, as an indication of the optical efficiency of the system.
34、6 Assessment Procedure 6.1 Basis of the Procedure The procedure is based upon laboratory measurements of headlights under controlled conditions (calibrated light source, vehicle operating voltage as defined in 7.2 d, initial aim according to 7.2 c) using a defined format for the data including the a
35、ngular increments of the measurement points. Using these data, aspects of the headlight performance are evaluated as detailed in 6.2 to 6.3. In all cases, the illuminance and luminous intensity values being assessed are derived from a combination of the individual photometric data measured for each
36、component of the headlighting system. These values are combined taking account of the mounting height, separation and aim specified for the particular vehicle to which the system is installed. The method of combining the data is described in Clause 7. 6.2 Passing Beam Illumination 6.2.1 Summary of P
37、rocess Illumination of the road scene by the passing beam shall be assessed by evaluating the performance of the headlighting system as summarised in Table 1. NOTE The zones are for traffic following the right-hand rule of the road. Table 1 Aspects of passing beam road scene illumination to be asses
38、sed Zone (see Figures 1 to 6) Purpose Assessment Method A, B Range for lane guidance See explanation in 6.2.2 and Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 C Range along the offside verge for pedestrian detection See explanation in 6.2.3 and Figure 5 D Width for lane guidance and visibility on curves See 6.2.5 and Figu
39、re 6 Evaluate arithmetic mean value of the width of the 3,0 lx line at 30 m, 40 m and 50 m in front of the vehicle at the road surface. Individual width values are calculated from the lane centre line to the offside and nearside of the vehicle. E Width for pedestrian detection at intersections See 6
40、.2.5 and Figure 6 Evaluate arithmetic mean value of the width of the 3,0 lx line at 10 m and 20 m from the car on a plane located at 250 mm above the road surface. Individual width values are calculated from the lane centre line to the offside and nearside of the vehicle Whole beam Luminous flux See
41、 6.2.4 Total luminous flux (lumen) within a vertical zone 5 up to 15 down, 45 left to 45 right CIE S 021/E:2011 4 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved 50 15 15 0 1 2 3 dr / m 125 75 30 10 0 dv / m The general arrangement of the zones defined for the assessment of the passing beam range is shown in Figure
42、1. Zones A and C are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, Zone B is inclined at an angle of 5 from the vehicle axis as shown. Key dr distance along the road dv distance from vehicle longitudinal axis 1 Zone A range assessment straight road 2 Zone B range assessment curved road 3 Zone C
43、 range assessment pedestrian visibility NOTE 1 Zones A, B and C originate at dr=0 as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, but for clarity have been shortened in this diagram. NOTE 2 Road width = 6 m (3 m per lane), 500 m radius curve. Figure 1 Zones for assessment of passing beam range 6.2.2 Passing Beam Ra
44、nge Assessment Procedure Zones A and B Referring to Table 1 and Figures 2 and 3, the position of the intersection of the 1,0 lx, 3,0 lx and 5,0 lx isolux lines shall be calculated with each of the three longitudinal lines in Zone A. The range (in metres) is the average of the values determined for t
45、he 1,0 lx, 3,0 lx and 5,0 lx intersection points with the three lines. The isolux lines shall be plotted on the road surface as vertical illuminance values. An example calculation to determine the intersection points for the 3,0 lx line is shown in Figure 3. Similar calculations to determine the ave
46、rage range value shall be carried out for the 1,0 lx and 5,0 lx lines. A similar procedure shall be followed to calculate the range on the curved road shown in Figure 4. In this case the intersection points shall be determined along the lines inclined at 5 in Zone B. CIE S 021/E:2011 CIE 2011 - All
47、rights reserved 5 Key dr distance along the road dv distance from vehicle longitudinal axis NOTE The longitudinal lines in Zone A are situated at 0 m, 1,5 m and 3,0 m to the nearside of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. Figure 2 Zone A - range assessment for straight road Line at 0,0 m 1,5 m 3,0
48、 m Average range Isolux line 1,0 3,0 5,0 1,0 3,0 5,0 1,0 3,0 5,0 r / m 60 70 76 68,6 Key r range 1 intersection points with the three lines in Zone A 2 vehicle longitudinal axis 3 3,0 lx line Figure 3 Example of the calculation of range assessment for Zone A 15 0 10 30 50 125 75 0 15 0 m 1,5 m 3,0 m
49、 dv / m dr / m Zone A Zone A 2 * * * 70 40 50 60 30 20 Range / m Zone A r / m 1 70 60 76 m 70 m 60 m 20 30 40 50 60 70 3 CIE S 021/E:2011 6 CIE 2011 - All rights reserved Key dr distance along the road dv distance from vehicle longitudinal axis NOTE The longitudinal lines in Zone B are situated at 0 m, 1,5 m and 3,0 m to the nearside of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle inclined at 5 as shown. The range in zone B is measured along the inclined axis of the line starting in the car origin. Figure 4 Zone
