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21、ions, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caor call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.TMA trade-mar k of the Canadian S tandards Association, operating as “CSA Group”Groundwater protection programsat Class I nuclear facilities anduranium mines and millsN288.7-15N288.7-15Groundwater protection
22、programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Group 1ContentsTechnical Committee on Environmental Management for Nuclear Facilities 5Subcommittee on Groundwater Protection Programs at Class I Nuclear Facilities and Uranium Mines andMills 8Preface 100 Introductio
23、n 120.1 Nuclear facilities and uranium mines and mills 120.2 Groundwater protection programs and groundwater monitoring programs 120.2.1 General 120.2.2 Groundwater protection programs 120.2.3 Groundwater monitoring programs 130.3 Relationship to environmental assessment (EA) 140.4 Relationship to e
24、nvironmental risk assessment (ERA) 140.5 Relationship to environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) 140.6 Relationship to effluent monitoring programs 151 Scope 161.1 Facilities 161.1.1 Types of facilities 161.1.2 Facility lifecycle 161.2 Operating conditions 161.2.1 Monitoring during normal operation
25、s 161.2.2 Monitoring during accidental releases 171.3 Spill response and the management of the spill event 171.4 Contaminants and physical characteristics 171.5 Monitoring 171.5.1 Leak detection 171.5.2 Mixed effluent and groundwater 171.6 Interpretation of data 181.7 Risk management and remediation
26、 181.8 Dose assessment methods 181.9 Reporting 181.10 Terminology 182 Reference Publications 193 Definitions and abbreviations 223.1 Definitions 223.2 Abbreviations 274 Goals and objectives of groundwater protection and groundwater monitoring programs 284.1 Groundwater protection programs 284.1.1 Ov
27、erall goal 284.1.2 General goals 284.2 Groundwater monitoring programs general objectives 28N288.7-15Groundwater protection programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Group 25 Criteria for establishing groundwater protection and groundwater monitoring program
28、s 295.1 Groundwater protection programs 295.2 Groundwater monitoring programs 306 Design of a groundwater protection program 306.1 General 306.2 Establishing a conceptual site model 316.2.1 General 316.2.2 Evaluation of sources and potential releases to the subsurface 336.2.3 Characterization of gro
29、undwater flow system and contaminant migration 356.2.4 Groundwater end-use 386.2.5 Groundwater vulnerability 396.3 Prevention or minimization of potential releases to groundwater 406.4 Development of specific groundwater protection goals 416.5 Development of a groundwater monitoring program 426.6 De
30、velopment of other programs associated with groundwater protection 427 Design of a groundwater monitoring program 447.1 General 447.2 Systematic planning process for the development of a groundwater monitoring program 457.2.1 General 457.2.2 Systematic planning process 457.2.3 Definition of GWMP obj
31、ectives 457.2.4 Information required to meet groundwater monitoring program objectives 467.2.5 Spatial boundaries of the GWMP 467.2.6 Data evaluation methods 467.2.7 Data quality 477.2.8 Definition and establishment of groundwater evaluation criteria 477.2.9 Development of a process to address excee
32、dances of groundwater evaluation criteria 477.2.10 Detailed design of GWMP 487.2.11 Review of GWMP 487.3 Selection of monitoring strategy 497.3.1 General 497.3.2 Monitoring in proximity of a potential release point 497.3.3 Monitoring along the down gradient perimeter of a site 507.3.4 Monitoring alo
33、ng the groundwater flow path of a contaminant plume 507.4 Nuclear and hazardous substances to be monitored 507.4.1 General 507.4.2 Gross parameters 517.4.3 Surrogate parameters 527.4.4 Indicator parameters 527.5 Boreholes and monitoring wells 537.5.1 General 537.5.2 Borehole drilling 537.5.3 Monitor
34、ing well design and installation 547.5.4 Borehole logs 557.5.5 Retention of borehole logs 557.5.6 Monitoring well assessment 557.5.7 Maintenance and inspection of monitoring wells 56N288.7-15Groundwater protection programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Gr
35、oup 37.6 Sampling locations 577.6.1 General considerations 577.6.2 Monitoring well placement for a new facility or in an unaffected setting 587.6.3 Monitoring well placement for assessing an existing plume 597.7 Sampling frequency 607.7.1 General considerations 607.7.2 Sampling frequency for routine
36、 groundwater monitoring 607.7.3 Sampling frequency for plume monitoring 617.8 Supplementary studies and other monitoring activities 627.8.1 General 627.8.2 Refinement of conceptual site model 627.8.3 Characterization of potential effects from plume discharge 638 Sampling and analytical procedures 63
37、8.1 General 638.2 Sampling equipment 648.3 Sample collection 658.4 Sample volume, containers, and preservatives 668.4.1 General 668.4.2 Sample volumes 668.4.3 Sample containers and preservatives 678.5 Field measurements and sample analysis 689 Interpretation of data 699.1 Objectives of data 699.2 Da
38、ta evaluation 699.3 Parameters 699.4 Comparison to groundwater evaluation criteria 699.5 Statistical analysis 709.5.1 General 709.5.2 Descriptive statistics 709.5.3 Outliers 709.5.4 Non-detectable results 719.5.5 Hypothesis testing 719.5.6 Trend analysis 719.5.7 Contour maps 729.6 Contextual conside
39、rations when interpreting results 729.7 Data management 739.8 Significant figures 7310 Quality assurance and quality control 7410.1 General 7410.2 Roles and responsibilities 7510.3 Measurements and quality control 7510.3.1 Equipment maintenance 7510.3.2 Non-conformance 7610.3.3 Performance verificat
40、ion 7610.3.4 Procedures verification 7710.4 Records 77N288.7-15Groundwater protection programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Group 411 Reporting, review, and audit 7811.1 Preparation of monitoring reports documenting the GWMP 7811.2 Periodic review of the
41、 groundwater protection program and groundwater monitoringprogram 7911.3 Annual assessment of the groundwater monitoring program 8011.4 Audits 8012 Staff qualifications and training 8112.1 Personnel qualifications 8112.2 Training 8212.3 Maintenance of training records 8213 Documentation 8313.1 Groun
42、dwater protection program documentation 8313.2 Groundwater monitoring program documentation 83Annex A (informative) Additional guidance for conceptual site models 86Annex B (informative) Development of groundwater evaluation criteria 88Annex C (informative) Uncertainty 91N288.7-15Groundwater protect
43、ion programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Group5Technical Committee on EnvironmentalManagement for Nuclear FacilitiesJ.R. Ryan CANDU Owners Group Inc.,Toronto, OntarioCategory: General InterestChairA. Rosaasen AREVA Resources Canada Inc.,Saskatoon, Saska
44、tchewanCategory: Supplier/Fabricator/ContractorVice-ChairN. Ali Environment Canada,Toronto, OntarioAssociateI. Benovich Enviro Health Physics Consulting Inc,Thornhill, OntarioCategory: General InterestJ. Borromeo Ontario Power Generation Inc,Pickering, OntarioAssociateD.B. Chambers ARCADIS SENES Can
45、ada,Richmond Hill, OntarioAssociateJ. DeWilde Golder Associates Ltd.,Whitby, OntarioAssociateG.M. Dolinar Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Limited (CNL),Chalk River, OntarioCategory: Owner/Operator/ProducerC. Elwood Bruce Power,Tiverton, OntarioCategory: Owner/Operator/ProducerK. England Cameco Corpora
46、tion,Saskatoon, SaskatchewanAssociateN.C. Garisto SENES Consultants Limited,Richmond Hill, OntarioCategory: Supplier/Fabricator/ContractorN288.7-15Groundwater protection programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CSA Group 6M. Gerchikov Amec Foster Wheeler,Toront
47、o, OntarioCategory: Service IndustryM.G. Grey Candesco,Toronto, OntarioCategory: Service IndustryM. Hamlat Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission,Ottawa, OntarioCategory: Government and/or Regulatory AuthorityD.R. Hart EcoMetrix Incorporated,Mississauga, OntarioCategory: Supplier/Fabricator/ContractorT.
48、 Jarv Kinectrics Inc.,Toronto, OntarioCategory: Service IndustryF.J. Lemay International Safety Research,Ottawa, OntarioCategory: Service IndustryR. McCalla Ontario Power Generation,Pickering, OntarioCategory: Owner/Operator/ProducerJ. McCulley NB Power Corporation,Fredericton, New BrunswickCategory
49、: Owner/Operator/ProducerI. Mitchell Ontario Ministry of the Environment,Owen Sound, OntarioCategory: Government and/or Regulatory AuthorityS.T. Moulding Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment,Saskatoon, SaskatchewanCategory: Government and/or Regulatory AuthorityK.T. Nagy Cameco Corporation,Saskatoon, SaskatchewanCategory: Supplier/Fabricator/ContractorG. Pynn Natural Resources Canada,Ottawa, OntarioCategory: Government and/or Regulatory AuthorityN288.7-15Groundwater protection programs at Class I nuclear facilitiesand uranium mines and millsJune 2015 2015 CS
