1、0118.3-93(reaffirmed 2013)Northern pine tapersawn shakesLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers repres
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16、h the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA=s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca. Canadian Standards Association Northern Pine Tapersawn Shakes May 2003 (Replaces p. 9, November 1993) 9 ) Foreword This Standard has
17、been written to establish minimum manufacturing, quality, pressure preservative treatment, and packaging requirements for a standard grade of Northern Pine shakes. It is intended for incorporation by reference in building codes as the basis for acceptance of the products covered. Where required by r
18、egulations, bylaws, or regulatory authorities, the Standard is also intended to establish the basis for conformity assessment programs provided by independent third party certification agencies. Appendices to the Standard contain recommendations for the conduct of such a conformity assessment progra
19、m. Also contained in the Appendices are recommendations for the application of Northern Pine shakes as roof coverings and as exterior wall coverings. Unless more restrictive requirements are in effect, these recommendations for use should be followed. For the benefit of users of this Standard, the f
20、ollowing conventions, summarized from CSAs Operational Guideline L, The Publication of CSA Standards, are applicable when interpreting the requirements of CSA Standards: (a) all numbered sections of the text are referred to as “Clauses”. Within a Clause, identified and listed requirements are referr
21、ed to as “Items”; (b) mandatory requirements are those which it is essential to satisfy, and they are stated using the verbal auxiliary “shall”; (c) the verbal auxiliary “may” is permitted in optional statements; (d) “Notes” which appear below Clauses are intended to be explanatory or informational
22、and must not include mandatory language. They are presented in italic typeface; (e) “Notes” which appear below Tables and Figures are considered part of the requirements of the Table or Figure. These notes, therefore, are written in mandatory language, but also appear in italic typeface; and (f) Exc
23、ept for Appendix A (Conformity Assessment Program), the appendices to this Standard are considered informational and not part of the requirements of the Standard. However, Appendices may be written in mandatory language so that users of the Standard may invoke the content of an Appendix as requireme
24、nts supplementary to the basic Standard. Canadian Standards Association Northern Pine Tapersawn Shakes May 2003 (Replaces p. 11, November 1993) 11 O118.3-93 Northern Pine Tapersawn Shakes 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to random width Northern Pine tapersawn shakes manufactured from jack pine (P
25、inus banksiana Lamb.) and/or lodgepole pine (P. contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm). ) 1.2 This Standard specifies minimum requirements for Northern Pine shakes in terms of sizes, manufacturing tolerances, characteristics allowed, pressure preservative treatment, packaging, and identification. )
26、1.3 The basic requirements for an appropriate conformity assessment program, including reinspection recommendations, and recommendations for installation and fire retardant treatment are contained in appendices. 1.4 The values given in imperial units are the standard. The values given in SI units in
27、 parentheses are for information only. 2. Definitions 2.1 The following definitions apply in this Standard: Boxed heart where the pith is enclosed entirely within the four faces of a piece of wood. Bundle a unit or package comprising sufficient material of the same grade and length to cover a specif
28、ied area at recommended exposures. Butt the thicker end of a shake. Check (defect) any lengthwise separation of wood. Course a horizontal layer of shakes forming one of a series of layers on a roof, a wall, or in the packed bundles. Double coursing the installation technique used for wall coverings
29、in which one layer is superimposed completely over another layer of shakes, with offset joints. Note: See Appendix B2 for installation recommendations. Single coursing the installation technique used for roof and wall coverings in which each layer covers the preceding layer, with offset joints, such
30、 that the butts of the upper layer are located at the exposure line of the lower layer. On a roof, this arrangement is referred to as a two-ply roof. Note: See Appendix B2 for installation recommendations. Starter course the first row of roof shakes at the eaves; this may comprise two or three layer
31、s. O118.3-93 Canadian Standards Association May 2003 (Replaces p. 12, November 1993) 12 Edge the long sides of a shake. Exposure the portion of a shake which is exposed to the weather when installed. Exposure line the imaginary line across a shake at a distance above the butt that is equal to its we
32、ather exposure. Feather tip (shim) a condition of manufacture found on the thin ends of some shakes where the saw or the froe came out of the wood prematurely, producing a thin, flimsy, feather-like tip that is uneven or has corners sawn off. Grain the direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or qu
33、ality of the fibres in wood. To have a specific meaning, the term must be qualified. Edge grain (vertical grain) the condition in which the rings form an angle of 45oor more with the face of a piece resulting from the wood being cut in a plane approximately at right angles to the annual rings. Flat
34、grain the condition in which the rings form an angle of less than 45 with the face of a piece resulting from the wood being cut in a plane approximately tangential to the annual rings. Mixed grain the condition in which flat and edge grain are present in the same piece of wood. Heartwood (heart) the
35、 inner core of a woody stem wholly composed of nonliving cells. Hip and ridge units assemblies of two shakes in an inverted V-shape fastened together to produce the cap for the hip or ridge of the roof. One edge of each shake must be bevelled to provide a weather tight joint at the required slope. H
36、ole any opening in the wood which may extend partially or entirely through the piece and be from any cause including (a) an opening in the wood left by a knot that did not remain in place; or (b) a hole or passage burrowed by a worm or insect. Inbark (bark pocket) bark that is completely or partiall
37、y enclosed in the wood. Knot that portion of a branch or limb which has been surrounded by subsequent growth of wood of the tree including the following types: (a) black: a knot resulting from a dead branch, very dark in colour, and usually encased; (b) encased: a knot whose rings of annual growth a
38、re not inter-grown with those of surrounding wood; (c) loose: a knot that is not held firmly in place by growth or position and that cannot be relied upon to remain in place; and (d) sound: a knot that is solid across its face, at least as hard as the surrounding wood, and shows no indication of dec
39、ay. Knot, diameter of the maximum dimension of a knot measured along a line across the knot and perpendicular to the edge of the shake. Pith the small cylinder of primary tissue of a tree stem around which the annual rings form. Ply the number of layers of shakes on the covered surface, determined a
40、t the weather exposure line of any row of the shakes. Canadian Standards Association Northern Pine Tapersawn Shakes May 2003 (Replaces p. 13, November 1993) 13 Red rot a form of incipient decay characterized by a reddish colour produced in the heartwood. Rot (decay, dote) the decomposition of wood s
41、ubstance caused by action of wood-destroying fungi resulting in softening, loss of strength, and weight, and change of texture and colour. Running inches the total width of any given number of shakes when laid edge to edge. Sapwood wood containing some living cells and forming the initial wood layer
42、 beneath the bark of the log. Sapwood in Northern Pine is not visually distinguishable from its heartwood. Shake (product) a flat, rectangular slice of wood, usually with a taper occurring in the direction of the grain or axial direction, and installed as a roof or wall covering. Shim see Feather ti
43、p. Stain (blue sap stain) a bluish or greyish discolouration in the sapwood caused by the growth of certain dark-coloured fungi that is not accompanied by softening or other deterioration of the wood. Stain (red) a red-greyish to brown discolouration in the sapwood caused by the growth of certain da
44、rk-coloured fungi that is not accompanied by softening or other deterioration of the wood. Tapersawn shakes shakes tapering from butt to tip and with sawn faces and backs. Note: This Standard covers only Northern Pine tapersawn shakes. Tip the thinner end of the shake. Wane the lack of wood from any
45、 cause on the edge or corner of the shake. 3. Reference Publications 3.1 This standard refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to the edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto: CSA Standard ) O80 Series-97, Wood Preservation. ) O80S1-9
46、9 Supplement No. 1 to O80 Series-97 Preservative Treatment of Shakes and Shingles with Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) by Pressure Processes ULC* Standard CAN/ULC-S107-M87, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings. *Underwriters Laboratories Canada. O118.3-93 Canadian Standards Association M
47、ay 2003 (Replaces p. 14, November 1993) 14 4. Classification and Manufacturing Requirements 4.1 Shakes 4.1.1 Description Northern Pine shakes are manufactured in random widths in two nominal lengths and are used for roof and wall coverings. Standard is the only grade of Northern Pine shake covered b
48、y this Standard. ) 4.1.2 Requirements Northern Pine shakes shall comply at the time of manufacture with the requirements of Clauses 5 and 10 and shall be manufactured from jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Lamb.) or lodgepole pine (P. contorta Dougl. var. latifolia, Engelm). 4.2 Hip and Ridge Units 4.2.1
49、Description Northern Pine hip and ridge units are V-shaped assemblies manufactured from standard grade shakes. They are preassembled by the mill and used to cover the exposed ridges or hips of a shake-covered roof. ) 4.2.2 Requirements Northern Pine hip and ridge units shall comply at the time of manufacture with the requirements o
