1、S408-11Guidelines for the development of limitstates design standardsLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers represent
2、ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus and develop a standard. Although CSA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityTh
3、is document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third
4、 partys intellectual property rights. CSA does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the information published in this document. CSA makes no representations or warranties regarding this documents compliance with any applicable statute, rule, or regulation. IN NO EVENT SHALL
5、CSA, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE,
6、 BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSS
7、IBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making this document available, CSA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The in
8、formation in this document is directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA accepts no responsibility whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document. CSA is a private not-for-pro
9、fit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA has no power, nor does it undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes. Intellectual property rights and ownershipAs between CSA and the users of this document (whether it
10、 be in printed or electronic form), CSA is the owner, or the authorized licensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and all inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not su
11、ch inventions and trade secrets are protected by patents and applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document may violate laws that protect CSAs and/or others intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA and/or oth
12、ers to seek legal redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA reserves all intellectual property rights in this document.Patent rightsAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject
13、of patent rights. CSA shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.Authorized use of this documentThis document is being prov
14、ided by CSA for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do only the following:If this document is in electronic form:.load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it;.search and browse this document; and.print this document if it
15、is in PDF format. Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA to have such copies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.In addition, users may not and may not permit others to.alter this document in any way or
16、 remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard;.sell this document without authorization from CSA; or.make an electronic copy of this document.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or make any copies of th
17、e contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.CSA Standards Update ServiceS408-11January 2011Title:Guidelines for the development of limitstates design
18、 standardsPagination:53 pages (vi preliminary and 47 text), each dated January 2011To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publicationgo to www.ShopCSA.caclick on E-mail Services under MY ACCOUNTclick on CSA Standards Update ServiceThe List ID that you will need to register for
19、 updates to this publication is 2421098.If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupportcsa.ca or call 416-747-2233.Visit CSAs policy on privacy at www.csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your personal information.Published in January 2011 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-pro
20、fit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.caS408-11Guidelines for the development of limitstates design standardsCSA Special Publication100%ISBN 978-1-55491-314-5 Canadian Standard
21、s Association 2011All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.To purchase CSA Standards and related publications, visit CSAs Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.The
22、 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains 100%recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured using biogas energy.January 2011 iiiContents Canadian Standards Association Guidelines for the d
23、evelopment of limitstates design standardsTechnical Committee on the Guidelines for the Development of Limit States Design vPreface vi1Scope12 Reference publications 13 General guidelines 43.1 Basic guidelines 43.2 Limit states 53.2.1 General 53.2.2 Ultimate limit states 53.2.3 Fatigue limit state 5
24、3.2.4 Serviceability limit states 53.3 Structural integrity and robustness 53.4 Fire resistance 53.5 Durability 63.6 Safety during construction and demolition 63.7 Quality assurance 64 Principles of limit states design 64.1 General 64.2 Specified values 64.3 Load and resistance factors 74.4 Safety,
25、serviceability, and fatigue checks 74.5 Durability based on service life 85 Loads, load factors, and load combinations 85.1 General 85.2 Classification of loads 85.3 Specified loads 85.4 Load factors 95.5 Importance factor 95.6 Load combinations 95.6.1 General 95.6.2 Companion action format 95.7 Max
26、imum and minimum loads 105.8 Pattern loading 105.9 Horizontal loads 106 Resistance factors 106.1 General 106.2 Material properties 106.2.1 General 106.2.2 Specified material property 106.2.3 Use of material quality standards 106.2.4 Use of test samples 116.3 Dimensions 116.4 Factored resistance 11S4
27、08-11 Canadian Standards Associationiv January 20117 Analysis and testing 117.1 General 117.2 Ultimate limit states 117.3 Fatigue limit state 117.4 Serviceability limit states 117.5 Testing 128Terminology129 Recommended symbols 12AnnexesA Commentary 16B Reliability assessment methods 22C Limit state
28、s design for durability 27Tables1 Terminology 132 Recommended symbols 14 Canadian Standards Association Guidelines for the development of limitstates design standardsJanuary 2011 vTechnical Committee on the Guidelines for the Development of Limit States DesignD.E. Allen Consultant,Ottawa, OntarioF.M
29、. Bartlett University of Western Ontario,London, OntarioW. J. Clark Morrison Hershfield Limited,Toronto, OntarioH.P. Hong University of Western Ontario,London, OntarioD.J.L. Kennedy University of Alberta,Edmonton, AlbertaM.A. Maes University of Calgary,Calgary, AlbertaM. Braiter Canadian Standards A
30、ssociation,Mississauga, OntarioProject ManagerS408-11 Canadian Standards Associationvi January 2011PrefaceThis is the second edition of CSA S408, Guidelines for the development of limit states design standards. It supersedes the first edition, published in 1981 under the title Guidelines for the Dev
31、elopment of Limit States Design.The limit states design method is based on ISO 2394 and ISO 22111. CSA 408 is intended for individuals developing Canadian limit states design standards and should be read by all structural design engineers practicing in Canada. It provides the basis for understanding
32、 the safety and reliability implicit in Canadian and international design standards. The advantages of the limit states design method include the following:(a)The designer is provided with a better understanding of fundamental performance requirements and of the behaviour of a structure in meeting t
33、hose requirements. This enables the designer to exercise better judgment in the design and evaluation of structures used for different purposes and subjected to different environmental conditions. It also makes it easier to teach design criteria given in codes and standards.(b) A consistent approach
34、 is provided for civil engineering structural standards and, through this consistency, the design of composite structures made of different materials is simplified.(c) Reliability is based on the statistical evaluation of loads and resistances, thus avoiding both under- and over-design and resulting
35、 in relatively uniform margins of safety for given types of structures.(d) Life safety and economy are emphasized, thus creating a better basis for comparing different technological criteria.These Guidelines contain terminology and symbols recommended for use in Canadian structural design codes and
36、standards to coordinate and simplify the development of limit states design standards. These Guidelines do not always follow existing limit states design criteria as contained in the National Building Code of Canada or other CSA Standards; they are intended as a common basis for future codes and sta
37、ndards.Annexes A, B, and C contain additional information on specific aspects of limit states design. Annex A is a commentary to these Guidelines. Annex B describes methods to calculate resistance factors for new materials or new forms of construction and to investigate the reliability of existing o
38、r exceptional structures. Annex C provides information on the application of limit states design for durability based on ISO 13823.CSA gratefully acknowledges the technical contributions received from the following individuals during the public consultation period: A. Agarwal, A. Dalgliesh, D. Gagno
39、n, E. Jones, D. Laird, P. Lepper, Z. Lounis, R. Loov, A. Metten, and M. Wang. Funding for the development and publication of these Guidelines was generously provided by the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction, Canadian Masonry Design Centre, Canadian Wood Council, Cement Association of Canada,
40、and Public Works Government Services Canada.These Guidelines were prepared by the Technical Committee on the Guidelines for Limit States Design under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Structures (Design).January 2011Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (an
41、d vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) Although the intended primary application of this Special Publication is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Special Publication to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.(3) All enqui
42、ries regarding this Special Publication, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6.Requests for interpretation should(a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause,
43、 and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;(b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and gui
44、delines governing standardization and are published in CSAs periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca. Canadian Standards Association Guidelines for the development of limitstates design standardsJanuary 2011 1S408-11Guidelines for the development of limitstates de
45、sign standards1Scope1.1These Guidelines provide recommendations for the development of codes and standards used for the design and evaluation of civil engineering structures such as buildings, industrial structures, bridges, earth- and water-retaining structures, towers, chimneys, and poles. These r
46、ecommendations are intended to ensure the adequate and consistent provision of safety and serviceability, regardless of the type of material, construction, or use of the structure.1.2In these Guidelines, “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is
47、 used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Guidelines; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability.2 Reference publicationsThese Guidelines refer to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it is to the edition listed below, inclu
48、ding all amendments published thereto.CSA (Canadian Standards Association)A23.1-09/A23.2-09Concrete materials and methods on concrete construction/Test methods and standard practices for concreteG40.20-04/G40.21-04 (R2009)General requirements for rolled or welded steelCAN/CSA-S6-06Canadian Highway B
49、ridge Design CodeS6.1-06Commentary on CAN/CSA-S6-06, Canadian Highway Bridge Design CodeS16-09Design of steel structuresS478-95 (R2007)Guideline on durability in buildingsAASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)AASHTO Guide for Commonly Recognized Structural Elements, 1998 (Rev. 2002)S408-11 Canadian Standards Association2 January 2011ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)7-05Minimum Design LoadsCISC (Canadian Institute for Steel Construction)CISC Commentary on CAN/CSA-S16-09 (2010)Handbook of Steel Construction, 10th Editio
