1、DEUTSCHE NORM Julv 1996 Determining noise rating levels from measured data Part 1 : Environmental noise I DIN - I 45645-1 ICs 17.140.01 Supersedes April 1977 edition. Ermittlung von Beurteilungspegeln aus Messungen - Teil 1 : Geruschimmissionen in der Nachbarschaft In keeping with current practice i
2、n standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. Contents Page Page Foreword 1 1 Scope 2 6.1 Location of m 2 Normative references 2 6.2 Time and duration of measurement 7 6.3 Residual noise . 7 7 3 Concepts 3 6
3、.4 Meteorological conditions 6.5 Procedure 8 6 Measurement . 3.1 Acoustical parameters 3 3.2 Time parameters 3 . 3.3 Rating level and characteristic rating level 4 4 Rating level and adjustments . 4 4.1 Rating level 4 7 Evaluation 8 7.1 Determining the rating level . 8 7.2 Determining the characteri
4、stic rating level 8 4.2 Adjustments . 4 4.3 Determining adjustments for rest 8 Uncertainty of measurement 8 periods . 5 5 InStrUmentatiOn . 5 Appendix A Example of a wind-induced 5.1 Sound level meters sound level . 9 5 5.2 Calibration. 5 5.3 Additional equipment 6 Explanatory notes 9 Foreword This
5、standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Geruschimmissionen - Ermittlung, Bewertung, Beurteilung of the Normenausschuss Akustik, Lrmminderung und Schwingungstechnik (Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration Engineering Standards Committee) of DIN and VDI. Amendments This standard differs from
6、 the April 1977 edition in that it now only covers environmental noise, and concepts and symbols have been harmonized with DIN 45641. Previous edition DIN 45645-1 : 1977-04. Continued on pages 2 to 9 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst. In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulte
7、d as the authoritative text. No pari of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission of V Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, s the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). Ref. No. DIN 45645-1 : 1996-0 English p
8、rice group 08 Sales No. 0108 08.00 Page 2 DIN 45645-1 : 1996-07 1 Scope This standard describes a procedure for determining rating levels of environmental noise based on measured data in order to evaluate noise exposure, for instance by comparing the measured values with those specified in the relev
9、ant standards and regulations. The standard applies to all types of noise covered by the relevant laws, regulations, standards and codes of practice, except where these stipulate other requirements. Occupational noise is dealt with in DIN 45645-2. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates, b
10、y dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These norma- tive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this
11、standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. DIN 41 O9 DIN 45641 DIN 45643-3 DIN 45645-2 DIN 45657 DIN 45680 Supplement 1 to DIN 45680 DIN 45681 IEC651 : 1979 IEC804: 1985 IEC 942 : 1988 IEC 1260 :
12、1995 IS0 1996-1 : 1982 IS0 1996-2 : 1987 IS0 1996-3 : 1987 Sound insulation in buildings - Requirements and testing Averaging sound levels Measurement and assessment of aircraft noise - Determination of rating levels of aircraft noise exposure Determining rating levels from measured data - Part 2: O
13、ccupational noise Sound level meters - Requirements for special applications Measurement and evaluation of low-frequency environmental noise Measurement and evaluation of low-frequency environmental noise - Guidelines for evalu- ations in industrial environments Determining the tonal components of n
14、oise and tone adjustments for use in noise impact evaluations*) Sound level meters (including Amendment Al : 1993) Integrating-averaging sound level meters (including Amendments Al : 1989 and A2 : 1994) Sound calibrators Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters Acoustics - D
15、escription and measurement of environmental noise - Part 1 : Basic quanti- ties and procedures Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Part 2: Acquisition of data pertinent to land use Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Part 3: Application to no
16、ise limits VDI-Richtlinie (VDI Code of practice) 271 4 Schallausbreitung im Freien (Outdoor sound propagation) VDI-Richtlinie 3723-1 Anwendung statistischer Methoden bei der Kennzeichnung schwankender Gerusch- immissionen (Statistical methods for evaluating the impact of fluctuating noise) VDI-Richt
17、linie 3723-2 Kennzeichnung von Geruschimmissionen - Erluterung von Begriffen zur Beurteilung von Arbeitslrm in der Nachbarschaft (Evaluating the impact of industrial noise on the environment - Terminol- VDI-Richtlinie 3745-1 Verordnung ber bauliche Schallschutzanforderungen nach dem Gesetz zum Schut
18、z gegen Fluglrm (Regula- tion with respect to noise control requirements as stipulated in the German Aircraft Noise Control Act), as of 5 April 1974, BGBI. (German Federal Law Gazette) I, 1974, p. 903) Technische Anleitungzum Schutzgegen Lrm (TA Lrm) (Code of practice on noise control), as of 16 Jul
19、y 1968, BGBI. I, 1968, No. 137, Supplement, pp.1-16) Verkehrslrmschutzverordnung (German Traffic Noise Control Regulation), as of 12 June 1990, BGBI. I, 1990, Eichordnung (German Act on Weights and Measures), Appendix 13, as of 12 August 1988, BGBI. I, p. 1657 ogy) *) Beurteilung von Schiegeruschimm
20、issionen (Evaluating shooting noise) pp. 1036-1 052 ) I) Obtainable from Deutsches Informationszentrum fr technische Regeln (DIT!?) of DIN, Burggrafenstr. 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany. *) Currently at draft stage. Page 3 DIN 45645-1 : 1996-07 l U.J. Kurze, O. Martner and W. Weissenberger. Vergleich von
21、Messgren im Rahmen der TA irm- Beurteilung (Comparison of measurands when evaluating noise in accordance with the German Code of practice on noise control). Part 2: Prognose der Impulshaltigkeit von Industriegeruschen (Predicting the impulsive components of industrial noise). R - time intervals in w
22、hich special sound emission conditions occur; - all days; - all nights; - workdays*) (daytime); - workdays*) (night time); - all weekends throughout the year; - days on which special events occur or special conditions prevail (e.g. markets, sports events, special working or traffic conditions). 3.2.
23、2 Rating time interval The time interval during which the rating level, L, is to be determined. Designated by T,. NOTE: Depending on the evaluation being performed, the length of the rating time interval is selected accord- Rating time intervals shall be as specified in the relevant regulations and
24、codes of practice, and shall be selected for the purpose at hand. If these intervals are not specified anywhere else, they shall be as in subclause 4.3. ing to the day of the week and time of day, as shown in table 1. *) For the purposes of this standard, workdays are Monday to Saturday. Page 4 DIN
25、45645-1 : 1996-07 3.2.3 Partial time interval To facilitate evaluation, the rating time interval may be subdivided into partial intervals within which the char- acteristics of the noise being evaluated (e.g. emission conditions, level, adjustments) are constant. Designated by Ti. 3.2.4 Measurement t
26、ime interval The time period during which measurements are carried out. Designated by TM. NOTE: The levels and adjustments measured during a measurement time interval are used to determine the rating level. TM may also be a subdivision of a partial time interval, in which case it is to be selected s
27、o that the equivalent continuous sound pressure level and any adjustments are representative of the relevant partial time interval. 3.3 Rating level and characteristic rating level The rating level is a measure of the intensity of the sound exposure during the rating time, T, and is designated by L,
28、. It comprises the equivalent continuous sound pressure level measured during the rating time interval and the adjustments specified in clause 4. The characteristic rating level is that which is used in comparisons with specified levels (noise limits). 4 Rating level and adjustments 4.1 Rating level
29、 The rating level can be determined either for a single source or installation, for several sources of the same type, or for all sources having an impact on a specified location. Experience and scientific evidence show that certain types of noise, or certain conditions of emission can have adverse e
30、ffects; this is taken into account by the adjustments described in subclause 4.2. As a rule, the rating level is given by equation (1): L, = Le, + KI + K, + K, + K, (1 1 where Le, is the equivalent continuous sound pressure level, as in DIN 45641, for the rating time, T,; KI is the impulse adjustmen
31、t as in subclause 4.2.1; K, is the tone adjustment as in subclause 4.2.2; K, is the adjustment for rest periods as in subclause 4.2.3; K, is the adjustment allowing for special conditions as in subclause 4.2.4. NOTE: Since different rating time intervals and adjustments are specified in the relevant
32、 standards, regulations, etc., a statement shall always be made as to which regulation, etc. was applied, and the characteristic rating level shall be given. 4.2 Adjustments 4.2.1 Impulse adjustment To account for the heightened discomfort caused by impulsive noise, the impulse adjustment shall be a
33、dded to the equivalent continuous sound pressure level, if necessary, for each partial interval. The adjustment is defined by: KI = LFTeq - (2) where the values for L, and Le, are to be determined for the same time interval T. If KI is not greater than 2 dB, then this adjustment is not necessary. In
34、 some regulations (e.g. those regarding traffic noise), no impulse adjustment is required. L may be used in place of L, as an approximation. (Note that the impulse adjustment is already accounted for in L, and iIeq.) If a separate determination of the impulse adjustment is not necessary, LFT(t) or L
35、,(t) may be used as the sole measurand. NOTE 1 : For the purposes of this standard, an impulse is a noise of short duration whose level is perceived to NOTE 2: In the case of impulsive noise, there is a strong statistical relationship between the measured values NOTE 3: The impulse adjustment may be
36、 determined for a single source, a type of source or for all sources NOTE 4: DIN 45645-2 defines KI differently, as KI = LAIeq,T - LAeq,T. Ieq rapidly increase over a short period of time. for LIeq and L, l. In many cases, the former is about 1 dB to 2 dB lower than the latter. (ambient noise). Page
37、 5 DIN 45645-1 : 1996-07 Time block 1 4.2.2 Tone adjustment If one or more tones are clearly audible during a specific time interval, this shall be accounted for by adding an adjustment of 3 dB (noticeable tones) or 6 dB (very noticeable tones) to the equivalent continuous sound pressure level. In s
38、ome cases this adjustment can be determined using the method specified in DIN 45681. 4.2.3 Adjustment for rest periods If there is a greater need for quiet during certain time periods, this shall be taken into account by adding an adjustment of 6 dB to the equivalent continuous sound pressure level
39、for these periods. Table 1 shows which periods may require this adjustment. 4.2.4 Adjustment to allow for special conditions Experience has shown that some types of noise are more annoying than others, even if they have the same equivalent continuous sound pressure level. To account for this, some r
40、egulations specify the adjustment K, which can be negative. 7.00 to 19.00 O 4.3 Determining adjustments for rest periods To determine which rating time intervals require an adjustment for rest periods, they shall be divided into time blocks as shown in table 1. At night, the full hour having the hig
41、hest rating level shall be taken as being relevant for determining the adjustment. If Lrlh - LrBh is no more than 4 dB, then Tr3 is 8 h, and if Lrlh - LrSh is no more than 4 dB, then Tr2 is 9 h. Time block 3 (Night time) Time block 1 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Sound level meters Sound level meters, sound
42、 calibrators and other sound level measuring devices used shall meet the require- ments of IEC 651, DIN 45657, IEC 804 and IEC 942, as appropriate. When performing outdoor measurements, it is normally necessary to provide the microphone with a wind screen to minimize the effects of flow noise (cf. A
43、ppendix A). NOTE: Reflections from the microphone holder influencing the surrounding sound field shall be minimized. For sound measuring devices which operate unattended, it shall be ensured that any manipulation or falsifica- tion of the measurement results, as well as the presence of residual nois
44、e can be identified (e.g. by means of tape recordings, level recordings, or the simultaneous use of at least two microphones spaced a great distance apart). All modifications to the devices used in the measuring system or to their interconnection, made to ensure accuracy of measurement, and details
45、regarding any checks made, are to be reported. Whenever possible, there should be no persons or sound-reflecting objects near the microphone. Tr3 = 1 h Tr3 = 8 h 7.00 to 22.00 6 Tr=15h O or Midnight to 6.00 22.00 to midnight 5.2 Calibration Sound calibrators shall meet the requirements of IEC 942. A
46、t least every two years, all instruments used shall be calibrated to the standards listed in subclause 5.1. NOTE: In some cases, sound level meters and sound level measuring devices shall also meet the requirements Time block 2 (Night time) of the Eichordnung. Midnight to 7.00 22.00 to midnight Tabl
47、e 1 : Rest periods requiring adjustment Workdays (Mon. to Sat.) Sundays and holidays Time block Tr=16h 6 6.00 to 7.00 19.00 to 22.00 Time block 2 O Tr2 = 1 h Tr2 = Or 9 h I Page 6 DIN 45645-1 : 1996-07 5.3 Additional equipment The following additional equipment may be used. 5.3.1 Statistical distrib
48、ution analysers Equipment for measuring percentile levels or sound level distributions shall meet the requirements specified in DIN 45657. 5.3.2 Signal recording equipment Equipment for recording the sound level shall be verified at suitable intervals to ensure that the recorded values do not deviat
49、e from the values indicated by the sound level meter by more than Il dB. 5.3.3 Signal storage equipment Equipment for storing the measured noise or its sound pressure level shall be designed and operated so that there are as few additional contributions to the uncertainty of measurement as possible. Checks shall be performed at suitable intervals to ensure that the electrical properties of the equipment, especially the fre- quency response, linearity and overload indication, as well as their contribution to uncertainty, are known. Values obtained from stor
