1、Januar 2006DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Medizin (NAMed) im DINPreisgruppe 14DIN Deutsches Institut f r Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielf ltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut f r Normung e. V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 35.240.80CEP 9616374www.din.deXDIN EN 12381Me
2、dizinische Informatik Zeitnormen f r spezifische Probleme im Gesundheitswesen;Englische Fassung EN 12381:2005Health informatics Time standards for healthcare specific problems;English version EN 12381:2005Informatique de sant Reprsentation du temps dans le domaine de la sant;Version anglaise EN 1238
3、1:2005Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 BerlinErsatz f rDIN V ENV 12381:199610www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 26 SeitenDIN EN 12381:2006-01 2 Nationales Vorwort Dieses Dokument enthlt unter Bercksichtigung des Prsidialbeschlusses 13/1983 den englischen Origi-naltext der Europischen No
4、rm EN 12381, Ausgabe Februar 2005. Diese Europische Norm wurde vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 251 Health informatics erarbeitet, dessen Sekretariat vom SIS (Schweden) gehalten wird. Als zustndiges deutsches Gremium hat der Der Fachbereich G Medizinische Informa-tik insbesondere der Arbeitsausschuss
5、G3 Terminologie des Normenausschusses Medizin (NAMed) im DIN an der Erarbeitung mitgewirkt. Dieses Dokument beinhaltet Zeitnormen fr spezifische Probleme im Gesundheitswesen fr die Medizinische Informatik. Es legt eine Menge von semantischen Primitiven und Relationen zur eindeutigen Reprsentation vo
6、n Zeit-bezogenen Ausdrcken in der Medizinischen Informatik fest. Es wird keine spezielle Zeit-Ontologie vorausgesetzt und kein spezieller Reprsentationsformalismus fr Zeit-bezogene Konstrukte verlangt. Durch die Verwendung der in diesem Standard ausgefhrten Prinzipien und Konstrukte zur syntaktische
7、n und semantischen Reprsentation von Zeit wird eine Vergleichbarkeit der jeweiligen Ontologien von Zeit, und besonders die Kommunikation und Interpretation von expliziten Zeit-bezogenen Informationen ermglicht. Fr die diesem Dokument zitierten Internationalen Normen wird im Folgenden auf die entspre
8、chenden Deutschen Normen hingewiesen: ISO 31-1 siehe DIN 1301-2 und DIN 1304-1 nderungen Gegenber DIN V ENV 12381:1996-10 wurden folgende nderungen vorgenommen: a) der Vornormcharakter wurde aufgehoben; b) der Inhalt wurde redaktionell berarbeitet. Frhere Ausgaben DIN V ENV 12381: 1996-10 Nationaler
9、 Anhang NA (informativ) Literaturhinweise DIN 1301-2, Einheiten Allgemein angewendete Teile und Vielfache DIN 1304-1, Formelzeichen Allgemeine Formelzeichen EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12381 February 2005 ICS 35.240.80 Supersedes ENV 12381:1996 English version Health informa
10、tics - Time standards for healthcare specific problems Informatique de sant - Reprsentation du temps dans le domaine de la sant Medizinische Informatik - Zeitnormen fr spezifische Probleme im Gesundheitswesen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 January 2005. CEN members are bound to com
11、ply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Se
12、cretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the of
13、ficial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
14、eden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membe
15、rs. Ref. No. EN 12381:2005: EEN 12381:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Explicit semantic labelling of predicational components .10 4.1 General10 4.2 Labelling of propositional clauses.10 4.3 Labelling of temporal expre
16、ssions: .10 4.4 Labelling of Basic temporal links.11 4.4.1 General11 4.4.2 “has-occurrence”.11 4.4.3 “has-rate” .11 4.4.4 “has-frequency”.11 4.4.5 “has-duration”11 4.5 Labelling of complex temporal links12 4.6 Temporal comparators12 4.6.1 General12 4.6.2 Temporal comparators in combination with even
17、ts. .13 4.6.3 Temporal comparators in combination with episodes. .14 5 Characteristics of conformance.19 5.1 Provisions for conformance specification19 5.2 Basic guidelines.19 5.3 LSS: Level of semantic specification 20 5.3.1 LSS(0)20 5.3.2 LSS(1)20 5.3.3 LSS(3)21 5.4 LRE: level of recursive embeddi
18、ng of time-related information.21 5.4.1 LRE(0) .21 5.4.2 LRE(1) .21 5.4.3 LRE(2) .21 5.5 LDR: level of deictic referential complexity 21 5.5.1 LDR(0) .21 5.5.2 LDR(1) .21 LDC: level of relative deictic referential complexity .22 5.6.1 LDC(0) .22 5.6.2 LDC(1) .22 5.6.3 LDC(2) .22 5.7 LQI: level of fo
19、rmal rigour of temporal expressions22 5.7.1 LQI(0).22 5.7.2 LQI(1).22 5.7.3 LQI(2).22 Annex A (informative) BNF description of the syntax used in the standard predications of this document23 Bibliography 24 EN 12381:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12381:2005) has been prepared by Technical Com
20、mittee CEN/TC 251 “Health informatics”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
21、at the latest by August 2005. This document supersedes ENV 12381:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland
22、, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12381:2005 (E) 4 Introduction Time is an important variable in healthcare, and standards are
23、 needed about how to represent information with explicit references to time. This document is a first contribution to this harmonization process, focusing on “representation” and “explicit reference”. Indeed, a system for Time-Standards must have as a minimum requirement the capacity to order tempor
24、al facts (situations, events, episodes) in three major ways, independent of any specific ontology of time itself: by relating situations to a calendar; by relating situations to “reference” situations; by relating events together in “before- and after-” chains. The main reason for this threefold org
25、anization is that our everyday temporal discourse contains a variety of expressions that only with a certain artificiality can be regimented into a uniform style of analysis. The purpose of this document is to enhance, in a perspective of machine-machine and man-machine communication, the generation
26、 of statements that are guaranteed to be understood unambiguously with respect to the time-related expressions that are embedded within them. The purpose of this document is not to develop a full-blown temporal logic, but a standardized way of representing time-related expressions, such that all kin
27、ds of questions about the temporal organization of situations can be answered on the basis of the information available. Nor is it the intention of the framework presented here to provide a means to interpret the information in its original format. Interpretation of the source information is the tas
28、k of the provider of information itself. The framework presented in this document allows information providers to express their time-related information in such a way that the intended meaning can be unambiguously understood by a receiver. This of course requires the use of a “restricted”, regimente
29、d model or language, allowing the disambiguation of many time-related expressions uttered in natural language. The model (language) presented in this document is restricted enough to allow such disambiguation for time-related expressions in “traditional” medical language, but is not expressive enoug
30、h to account for all time-related linguistic phenomena that can be encountered in natural language. This document provides representational tools for “explicit” time-related information. It does not allow (nor encourage) the ad hoc interpretation of implicit temporal information. In an expression su
31、ch as “diabetes since childhood”, “since childhood” is an explicit temporal reference for the diabetes, but the implicit information what “childhood” might mean (e.g. starting at the age of 2 years ?), is not addressed. However, the framework presented in this document has enough expressive power to
32、 allow a specific provider of information to state explicitly what his understanding is of “childhood”. This document describes some conformance characteristics by means of which developers of health care information systems can label specific modules of their systems as to the degree they are compl
33、iant with the document. Although the framework itself does not deal with temporal reasoning, the conformance characteristics can be used to evaluate to what level temporal reasoning is possible with the information collected in a given system. EN 12381:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies a se
34、t of representational primitives and semantic relations required for an unambiguous representation of explicit time-related expressions in health informatics. This document does not introduce or force a specific ontology of time, nor does it force the use of a fixed representation scheme for such an
35、 ontology. Rather this document provides a set of principles for syntactic and semantic representation that allow the comparability of specific ontologies on time, and the exchange of time-related information that is expressed explicitly. This document is applicable to: 1) developers of medical info
36、rmation systems in which the need is felt to have explicit time-related concepts for internal organization (e.g. temporal data bases, temporal reasoning systems); 2) information modellers or knowledge engineers building models for the systems mentioned in (1); 3) experts involved in the development
37、of semantic standards on precise subdomains in health care where time-related information need to be covered, (e.g. in the study of Pathochronology, i.e. the discipline dealing with the time course of specific diseases); 4) developers of interchange formats for messages in which time-related informa
38、tion is embedded. This document is not intended to be used directly for: 1) representing what is true in time; 2) reasoning about time; 3) representation of metrological time (which is covered in other standards). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the ap
39、plication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 28601, Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times (I
40、SO 8601:1988 and its technical corrigendum 1:1991) ISO 31-1, Quantities and units Part 1: Space and time 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 situation phenomenon occurring (or having the potential to occur) at or over a time in a
41、given world context NOTE 1 situations cover phenomena which may occur in past, present or future time NOTE 2 This document applies both to the representation of actual phenomena occuring in the real world (e.g. registrations in medical records), as to the description of concepts (eg medical knowledg
42、e bases). EN 12381:2005 (E) 6 EXAMPLE “The patient suffered from pain which occurred over night”, “pain occurring over night”, 3.2 time interval portion of time of which the duration in a given context is considered to be significant and relevant 3.3 time point portion of time of which the duration
43、in a given context is considered to be insignificant or irrelevant NOTE This document does not specify any regulations on what entities should occupy time points, and what entities should occupy time intervals. Decisions of this kind are explicitly to be made by the user of this document (Chapter 5)
44、. As a consequence, temporal references such as “Friday the 13th” may refer to a time point or a time interval, depending on the context. 3.4 episode situation considered to occupy a time interval NOTE 1 Whether a situation is to be considered an episode or an event, is a decision taken by the provi
45、der of the information, based on its perception of the phenomenon in a given context. NOTE 2 It is possible to further subcategorize episodes into “states”, “culminations”, “processes”, “actions”, or other conceptual entities that can be defined using additional conceptual aspects describing particu
46、lar properties of each of the various episodes. However there is no need to do so within the scope of this document. EXAMPLE a patients stay in the hospital, the “episode of care” related to a medical problem 3.5 event situation considered to occur at a time point 3.6 predication representation of a
47、 situation in a language EXAMPLE “The removal of Mr Jones appendix on 21 July 1994, at 9 oclock in the morning.” 3.7 temporal reference component of a predication representing information related to time EXAMPLE “on 1994-07-21”, “at 9 oclock”, “on 1994-07-21 at 9 oclock” 3.8 propositional clause com
48、ponent of a predication to which temporal references implicitly or explicitly refer EXAMPLE in the expression “taking syrup three times a day for 2 weeks”, the propositional clause is “taking syrup”. To it are attached the temporal references “three times a day” and “for 2 weeks”. NOTE 1 The term pr
49、opositional clause is used here in a broader sense than in formal logic where a proposition denotes a statement on what is true in a given world. In the context of this document, propositional clauses do not impose a truth-value on the phenomena that are represented. NOTE 2 This document allows for a recursive representation of information related to time (see Informative Annex A for a formal description). In expressions such as “severe headache lasting for half an hour after each meal”, both “severe headache” and “severe headache
