1、DEUTSCHE NORMRequirements for packaging recoverable throughcomposting and biodegradationTest scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packagingEnglish version of DIN EN 13432ICS 13.030.99; 55.020December 2000DINEN 13432Verpackung - Anforderungen an die Verwertung von Verpackungen d
2、urch Kompostierung und biologischenAbbau - Prufschema und Bewertungskriterien fUr die Einstufung von VerpackungenEuropean Standard EN 13432: 2000 has the status of a DIN Standard.A comma is used as the decimal marker.National forewordThis standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 261 Packaging (Secretari
3、at: France).The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Verpackungswesen(Packaging Standards Committee), Technical Committee Abbaubarkeit von Packstoffen und Packmitteln.EN comprises 21 pages. No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission
4、 ofDIN Deulsches Inslilul fOr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beulh Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Ref. No. DIN EN 13432: 2000-12English price group 12 Sales No. 111205.01EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPEENNEEUROPAISCHE NORMICS 13.030.99; 55.0
5、20English versionEN 13432September 2000PackagingRequirements for packaging recoverable through compostingand biodegradationTest scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packagingEmballage - Exigences relatives auxemballages valorisables par compos tage et biodegradation - Programme
6、dessai et criteres devaluation deIacceptation finale des emballagesVerpackung - Anforderungen an dieVerwertung von Verpackungen durchKompostierung und biologischenAbbau - Prufschema und Bewer tungskriterien fUr die Einstufung vonVerpackungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 2000-06-04.CE
7、N members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulationswhich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of anational standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stand ards may be obtained on appli
8、cation to the Central Secretariat or to any CENmember.The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German).A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of aCEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has thesam
9、e status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,and the United Kingdom.CENEuropean Comm
10、ittee for StandardizationComite Europeen de NormalisationEuropaisches Komitee fUr NormungCentral Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 2000. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any meansreserved worldwide for CEN national members.Ref. No. EN 13432: 2000 EPage 2EN 13432 : 2
11、000ContentsForeword 3Introduction 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions. 44 Requirements 54.1 Control of constituents 54.2 Assessment 64.2.1 General. 64.2.2 Characterization 64.2.3 Biodegradability 64.2.4 Disintegration 64.2.5 Compost quality 64.2.6 Recognizability 64.3 Exemption
12、s 64.3.1 Equivalent form. 64.3.2 Materials of natural origin 74.4 Recording of assessment outcome 74.4.1 Check Iist 74.4.2 Supporting documentation 74.5 Application. 75 Organization of a test scheme. 76 Laboratory tests on biodegradability 87 Determination of disintegration. 88 Quality of the final
13、compost. 98.1 Rationale 98.2 Determination of negative effect 9Annex A (normative) Evaluation criteria 10Annex B (informative) Flow chart of evaluation of organic recoverability of packaging 12Annex C (informative) Recommended format for a conformity assessment checklist 17Annex D (informative) Prer
14、equisites and quality of compost for evaluating composting of packaging 18Annex E (normative) Determination of ecotoxic effects to higher plants 19Annex Z (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or otherprovisions 20Bibliography 21Page 3EN 13432 : 2000Forewo
15、rdThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENfTC 261 “Packaging“, the secretariat ofwhich is held by AFNOR.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requireme
16、nts of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex Z, which is an integral part of this standard.This standard forms one of a series of standards and reports prepared under Mandate M 200 rev.3 given to CENby the European Commission and the European Free Trade Associa
17、tion to support the European Council andParliament Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste 94/62/EC. The procedure for applying this standard inconjunction with the other mandated standards and reports is specified in EN 13427.This standard contains Annexes A and E which are normative and Annexes
18、 B, C, D and Z which are informativeThis European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by March 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byMarch 2001.According to the CEN
19、/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,S
20、witzerland and the United Kingdom.IntroductionThe Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) defines requirements for packaging to be consideredrecoverable. This standard amplifies these requirements with respect to organic recovery. The European StandardEN 13427:2000 provides a framework
21、 within which this and four other standards may be used together to support aclaim that a packaging is in compliance with the essential requirements for packaging to be placed on the marketas required by the Directive.The purpose of packaging is the containment, protection, handling, delivery and pr
22、esentation of products. Organicrecovery of used packaging is one of several recovery options within the overall life cycle of packaging. In order tosave resources and minimise waste, the whole system in which the packaging takes part should be optimised. Thisincludes prevention as well as reuse and
23、recovery of packaging waste.This European Standard presents a framework for self-assessment to determine whether the requirements of thisstandard have been met. Its approach is similar to that of systems standards such as the EN ISO 9000 andEN ISO 14000 series.Organic recovery of packaging and packa
24、ging materials, which includes aerobic composting and anaerobicbiogasification of packaging in municipal or industrial biological waste treatment facilities is an option for reducingand recycling packaging waste. Using these biological technologies, the aims of the Directive 94/62/EC of theEuropean
25、Parliament and of the Council on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Brussels 5 December 1994) in thisrespect can be met.Page 4EN 13432 : 20001 ScopeThis European Standard specifies requirements and procedures to determine the compostability and anaerobictreatability of packaging and packaging materials
26、by addressing four characteristics:1) biodegradability,2) disintegration during biological treatment,3) eHect on the biological treatment process and4) effect on the quality of the resulting compost.In case of a packaging formed by different components, some of which are compostable and some other n
27、ot, thepackaging itself, as a whole is not compostable. However, if the components can be easily separated by handbefore disposal, the compostable components can be effectively considered and treated as such, once separatedfrom the non compostable components.This European Standard covers the compost
28、ability of packaging itself but does not address regulations that mayexist regarding the compostability of any residual contents.This European Standard makes provision for obtaining information on the processing of packaging in controlledwaste treatment plants but does not take into account packagin
29、g waste which may end up in the environment,through uncontrolled means, Le. as litter.The essential relationship between this European Standard and the four other (mandated) European PackagingStandards and one (mandated) CEN Report is specified in EN 13427:2000.2 Normative referencesThis European St
30、andard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
31、 this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies.EN 13193:2000, Packaging - Packaging and the environment - Terminology.EN 13427:2000, Packaging and the environment - Requirements for the use
32、 of European standards in the field ofpackaging and packaging waste.ISO 14851 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueousmedium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.ISO 14852 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerob
33、ic biodegradability ofplastic materials in an aqueous medium- Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide.ISO 14855 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materialsunder controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dio
34、xide3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions and those given in EN 13193:2000 andEN 13427:2000 apply:3.1constituent of a packaging materialall pure chemical materials and substances of which a packaging material is composedPage 5EN 13432 : 20003.2
35、packaging componentpart of packaging that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means3.3disintegrationthe physical falling apart into very small fragments of packaging and packaging materials3.4ultimate biodegradabilitybreakdown of an organic chemical compound by micro-organisms in th
36、e presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide,water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the absence ofoxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass3.5total dry solidsamount of solids obtained by taking a known amount of test material or
37、compost and drying at about 105C toconstant weight3.6volatile solidsamount of solids obtained by subtracting the residues of a known amount of test material or compost afterincineration at about 550C from the total dry solids content of the same sample. The volatile solids content is anindication of
38、 the amount of organic matter.4 Requirements4.1 Control of constituentsConstituents known to be, or expected to become, harmful to the environment during the biological treatmentprocess (see clause 8), in excess of the limits given in Annex A.1, shall not be deliberately introduced intopackaging or
39、packaging materials intended to be designated as suitable for organic recovery.Page 6EN 13432 : 20004.2 Assessment4.2.1 GeneralExcept as identified in clause 4.3, assessment of the biological treatability of packagings and packagingcomponents shall include the following 5 assessment procedures as a
40、minimum:characterization (see 4.2.2) ;biodegradability (see 4.2.3) ;disintegration including effects on the biological treatment process (see 4.2.4) ;compost quality (see 4.2.5) ;recognizability (see 4.2.6).4.2.2 CharacterizationEach packaging material under investigation shall be identified and cha
41、racterized prior to testing including at least:information on, and identification of, the constituents of the packaging materials;determination of the presence of hazardous substances, e.g. heavy metals;determination of the organic carbon content, total dry solids and volatile solids of the packagin
42、g material usedfor biodegradation and disintegration tests.NOTE In addition to the chemical characteristics for volatile solids, pass levels for heavy metals are also provided as theirtotal absence is not possible.4.2.3 BiodegradabilityTo be designated as organically recoverable, each packaging, pac
43、kaging material or packaging component shallbe inherently and ultimately biodegradable as demonstrated in laboratory tests (clause 6) and to the criteria andpass levels given in Annex A.2.4.2.4 DisintegrationTo be designated as organically recoverable, each packaging, packaging material or packaging
44、 component shalldisintegrate in a biological waste treatment process (see clause 7) to the criteria and pass levels given in AnnexA.3, without any observable negative effect on the process.4.2.5 Compost qualityTo be designated as organically recoverable, no packaging or packaging component thereof,
45、submitted to abiological waste treatment process, shall be recorded as having a negative effect on the quality of the resultingcompost (see clause 8).4.2.6 RecognizabilityThe packaging or packaging component which is intended for entering the biowaste stream must be recognizableas compostable or bio
46、degradable by the end user by appropriate means.4.3 Exemptions4.3.1 Equivalent formA packaging material demonstrated to be organically recoverable in a particular form, shall be accepted as beingorganically recoverable in any other form having the same or a smaller mass to surface ratio or wall thic
47、kness.Page 7EN 13432 : 20004.3.2 Materials of natural originChemically unmodified packaging materials and constituents of natural origin, such as wood, wood fibre, cottonfibre, starch, paper pulp or jute shall be accepted as being biodegradable without testing (see clause 6) but shall bechemically c
48、haracterized (see 4.2) and fulfil the criteria for disintegration (see clause 7) and compost quality (seeclause 8).4.4 Recording of assessment outcome4.4.1 Check listFor each packaging the result of each assessment or test undertaken (as required in 4.2.1), shall be recorded onan assessment check li
49、st and their combined outcome used to determine whether a packaging material or apackaging is biologically treatable and therefore suitable for organic recovery. The check list shall provide for theidentification of any supplementary information (see Annex C).4.4.2 Supporting documentationThe check list together with any other information( including externally sourced technical data) necessary tosupport the conclusions reached in the assessments shall be retained and made available for inspection ifrequired.4.5 ApplicationThe application of this standard to any particular packaging
