1、Copper and copper alloys Copper cathodes English version of DIN EN 1978 ICs 77.150.30 Descriptors: Copper, cathodes. Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden DIN EN 1978 - This standard, together with DIN EN 1976, May 1998 edition, supersedes DIN 1708, January 1973 edition. European Standard E
2、N 1978 : 1998 has the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 133. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu Nichteisenmetalle (Nonferrous Metals Standards Committee). Amendments
3、DIN 1708, January 1973 edition, has been superseded by the specifications of EN 1978. Previous editions DIN 1708: 1925-04, 1935-1 O, 1941 -02, 1953-07, 1960-09, 1973-01. EN comprises 17 pages. No pari of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of V Deutsches Institut fr Normung
4、e. V., Berlin. buth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). Ref. No. DIN EN 1978 : 1998-0 English price group O9 Sales No. 1109 10.98 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1978 March 1998 ICs 77.150.30 Descriptors: Copper, cathod
5、es. English version Copper and copper alloys Copper cathodes Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Catho- des en cuivre Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer- Kath Oden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1998-02-28. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which s
6、tipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standard
7、s exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standard
8、s bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisch
9、es Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Ref. No. EN 1978 : 1998 E Page 2 EN 1978 : 1998 Contents Foreword Page 3 Introduction 4 i Scope 4 2 Normat
10、ive references 4 3 Definitions 3.1 cathode 3.2 lot (copper cathodes) 3.3 bundle 3.4 sample cathodes 3.5 cathode sample 3.6 bulk sample 3.7 analysis sample 4 Designations 4.1 Material 4.2 Product 5 5 6 5 Ordering information 6 6 Requirements 6.1 Composition 6.2 Electrical properties 6.3 Dimensions an
11、d tolerances 6.4 Surface condition 7 Sampling 10 8 Test methods 8.1 Analysis 8.2 Electrical resistivity 8.3 Retests 8.4 Rounding of results 9 Declaration of conformity and inspection documentation 9.1 Declaration of conformity 9.2 Inspection documentation 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 IO Marking 12 Annex
12、A (normative) Methods for use in cases of dispute, for the sampling of cathodes and for the preparation of analysis samples 13 Annex B (informative) Information on electrical resistivity and conductivity relationships 16 Annex C (informative) Bibliography 17 Page 3 EN 1978 : 1998 Foreword This Europ
13、ean Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 1 “Unwrought copper products“ to prepare the following standard: EN 1978 Copper a
14、nd copper alloys - Copper cathodes This is one of a series of European Standards for products manufactured from refined copper grades. Other products are specified as follows: EN 1976 Copper and copper alloys - Cast unwrought copper products EN 1977 Copper and copper alloys - Copper drawing stock (w
15、ire rod) This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1998. According to the CENICENELEC Interna
16、l Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland an
17、d the United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 1978 : 1998 Introduction This standard was prepared to combine the various requirements and methods of test for copper cathodes, previously dealt with in a range of separate national standards. Copper cathodes are intended for melting. Cu-CATH- 1 (CROO 1 A) is primari
18、ly intended for the production of high conductivity copper, such as for drawing stock. Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) is intended for the production of other wrought products for electrical and general purposes. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the composition and property requirements for cathodes of t
19、wo copper grades, designated Cu-CATH- 1 (CROO1 A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A). Annex A (normative) describes methods for sampling cathodes for use in cases of dispute between the purchaser and the supplier. Annex B (informative) gives information on the relationships between electrical resistivity and co
20、nductivity of copper. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
21、amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1655 Copper and copper alloys - Declarations of conformity EN 10204 Met
22、allic products - Types of inspection documents IEC 468 Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials IS0 1553 Unalloyed copper containing not less than 99,90 30 of copper - Determination of copper content - Electrolytic method NOTE: Informative references to documents used in the prepar
23、ation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography, see annex C. Page 5 EN 1978 : 1998 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 cathode Flat, unwrought product made by electrolytic deposition. 3.2 lot (co
24、pper cathodes) Quantity of copper cathodes weighing over 25 t and up to and including 200 t, consisting of one consignment, or part of one consignment, produced by one refinery. 3.3 bundle Total amount of a certain number of cathodes, typically 20 to 60, stacked together and secured, generally by st
25、eel bands. 3.4 sample cathodes Number of cathodes randomly selected form the lot, and considered in total to be representative of the lot. 3.5 cathode sample Portion of one of the sample cathodes (see 3.4) obtained by systematic cutting of vertical strips. 3.6 bulk sample Sample produced by melting
26、and casting into a suitable mould (or moulds) the cathode samples (see 3.5) obtained from all the sample cathodes and considered to be representative of the lot. 3.7 analysis sample Representative fractions of swarf taken fi-om the swarf arising fiom drilling, milling or sawing the bulk sample casti
27、ngs (see 3.6). 4 Designations 4.1 Material 4.1.1 General The material is designated either by symbol or number (see table I). 4.1.2 Symbol The material symbol designation is based on the designation system given in IS0 1190-1. Page 6 EN 1978 : 1998 4.1.3 Number The material number designation is in
28、accordance with the system given in EN 141 2. 4.2 Product The product designation provides a standardized pattern of designation from which a rapid and unequivocal description of a product is conveyed in communication. It provides mutual comprehension at the international level with regard to produc
29、ts which meet the requirements of the relevant European Standard. The product designation is no substitute for the full content of the standard. The product designation for products to this standard shall consist of: - denomination (Cathode); - number of this European Standard (EN 1978); - material
30、designation, either symbol or number (see table 1). The derivation of a product designation is shown in the following example. EXAMPLE: Cathode conforming to this standard, in material designated either Cu-CATH- 1 or CROO 1 A, shall be designated as follows: Cathode EN 1978 - CU-CATH- 1 or EN 1978 -
31、 CROOlA Denomination Number of this European Standard Material designation I 5 Ordering information In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and confirmation of order procedures between the purchaser and the supplier, the purchaser shall state on his enquiry and order the following information: a)
32、quantity of product required (mass); b) denomination (Cathode); Page 7 EN 1978 : 1998 c) number of this European Standard (EN 1978); d) material designation (see table 1). NOTE: It is recommended that the product designation, as described in 4.2, is used for items b) to d). In addition, the purchase
33、r shall also state on the enquiry and order any of the following, if required: e) the dimensions and tolerances required, if the cathodes are to be supplied cut to size (see 6.3); f) whether a declaration of conformity is required (see 9.1); g) whether an inspection document is required, and if so,
34、which type (see 9.2). EXAMPLE: Ordering details for 1 O0 t of cathode conforming to EN 1978, in material designated either Cu- CATH- l or CROO l A: 100 t Cathode EN or 1 O0 t Cathode EN 978 - Cu-CATH-1 978 - CROOlA 6 Requirements 6.1 Composition The composition shall conform to the requirements for
35、the appropriate grade given in table 1. 6.2 Electrical properties The electrical properties shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in table 2. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2. NOTE: Mass resistivity is the mandatory electrical property requirement in
36、this standard. The relationship between mass resistivity and the corresponding volume resistivity and conductivity is given in annex B. Page 8 EN 1978 : 1998 6.3 Dimensions and tolerances The cathodes shall be either whole, or cut to sizes as agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and stated
37、in the purchasers order see 5 e). 6.4 Surface condition Cathodes shall withstand ordinary handling without breakage. They shall be reasonably free from nodules, outgrowth edges and from all extraneous materials such as electrolyte residues, dirt, grease and oil. Page 9 EN 1978 : 1998 s O m O x .- E
38、si E Page 10 EN 1978 : 1998 Table 2: Electrical properties of Cu-CATH-1 (CR001 A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) at 20 OC calculated from mass resistivity by methods described in annex B. s, are enclosed in parentheses. 7 Sampling For the routine sampling of cathodes for analysis, or for the routine determi
39、nation of electrical properties, the method of sampling shall be at the discretion of the sampler. In cases of dispute concerning the composition, the cathodes shall be sampled and the analysis samples prepared in accordance with the procedure described in annex A. In cases of dispute Concerning the
40、 electrical properties, unless otherwise agreed between the disputing parties (see note), the cathodes shall be sampled in accordancc with the procedure described in annex A. The electrical resistivity of each lot in dispute shall be determined on one of the three test ingots cast from the bulk samp
41、le(s) (see A.6). NOTE: Other sampling methods may be used for obtaining the representative sample(s) for the determination of the electrical resistivity in cases of dispute, subject to agreement between the disputing parties. 8 Test methods 8.1 Analysis 8.1.1 Routine analysis For the routine analysi
42、s of cathodes, the methods of analysis used shall be at the discretion of the analyst. Page 11 EN 1978 : 1998 8.1.2 Anaiysis in cases of dispute In cases of dispute concerning the composition, the analysis shall be determined on the samples selected in accordance with clause 7, as follows: - for cop
43、per grade Cu-CATH-1 (CROO1 A), the methods of analysis used for the elements listed in table 1 shall be agreed between the disputing parties; - for copper grade Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A), the copper shall be determined in accordance with the method in IS0 1553. 8.2 Electrical resistivity 8.2.1 Routine dete
44、rmination of electrical resistivity For the routine determination of electrical resistivity, the methods used shall be at the discretion of the tester. 8.2.2 Determination of electrical resistivity in cases of dispute In cases of dispute the electrical resistivity shall be determined on u representa
45、tive sample from each lot, selected in accordance with clause 7. External oxide shall be removed from the test ingot (see clause 7), which shall then be rolled and/or drawn to 2 mm diameter wire. NOTE: The sample may be hot worked initially provided care is taken to avoid contamination or excessive
46、oxidation. The 2 rnm diameter wire shall be degreased and annealed at (500 f 10) “C for 30 min in an inert atmosphere, and the resistivity test carried out in accordance with IEC 468. 8.3 Retests If there is a failure of one, or more than one, of the tests in 8.1 or 8.2, two test samples from the sa
47、me inspection lot shall be permitted to be selected for retesting the failed property (properties). One of these test samples shall be taken from the same sampling unit as that from which the original failed test piece was taken, unless that sampling unit is no longer available, or has been withdraw
48、n by the supplier. If the test pieces fi-om both test samples pass the appropriate test(s). then the inspection lot represented shall be deemed to conform to the particular requireiiient(s) of this standard. If a test piece fails a test, the inspection lot represented shall be deemed not to conform
49、to this standard. Page 12 EN 1978 : 1998 8.4 Rounding of results For the purpose of determining conformity to the limits specified in this standard for composition or for electrical resistivity, an observed or a calculated value obtained from a test shall be rounded in accordance with the following procedure which is based upon the guidance given in annex B of IS0 3 1-0 : 1992. It shall be rounded in one step to the same number of figures used to express the specified limit in this standard. The following rules shall be used for rounding: a) if the figure immediately after the last
