1、DEUTSCHE NORM April 1995 Wo r kp I ace at mos p h e res Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy English version of DIN EN 689 c m - L al 2 ? h z“ 2 c 3 2 o“ z Y) u 3 2 1 O ,; E YI a a 5 - O L al - 3 O g I D o
2、3 D L L n al E L D m r c Y) Y) 5 - O c m n o o z DIN EN 689 - ICs 13.040.30 Descriptors: Hazardous substances, workplaces, limit values. Arbeitspiatzatmosphre; Anleitung zur Ermittlung der inhalativen Exposition gegenber chemischen Stoffen zum Ver- gleich mit Grenzwerten und Mestrategie European Sta
3、ndard EN 689:1995 has the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by CENTTC 137. The responsible German body involved in the preparation of this standard was the Arbeitsausschu Gefahrstoffel Arbeitsschutz (Technical Committee
4、 on Hazardous Substances and Occupational Safety). EN comprises 34 pages. uth Verlag GmbH. Berlin has the exclusive right of sale for German StandardsWN-Normen) DIN EN 689 Engl. Price group 13 Sales No. 11 13 09.95 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUFIOPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM EN 689 February 1995 ICs 13.040.
5、30 Descriptors: Hazardous substances, workplaces, limit values. English version Workplace atmospheres Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy Atmosphres des lieux de travail; con- seils pour l?valuation de l?e
6、xposition aux agents chimiques aux fins de compar- aison avec des valeurs limits et stratgie de mesurage Strategie Arbeitsplatzatmosphre; Anleitung zur Ermittlung der inhalativen Exposition ge- genber chemischen Stoffen zum Ver- gleich mit Grenzwerten und Me- This European Standard was approved by C
7、EN on 1995-02-1 7. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards ma
8、y be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Cen
9、tral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. GEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European
10、 Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, 8-1050 Brussels O 1995. Copyright reserved to all CEN members. Ref. No. EN 689: 1995 E Page 2 EN 689 : 1995 Contents O Introduction 4 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative referenc
11、es 4 3 Definitions . 4 4 General 5 5 Occupational exposure assessment 7 6 Periodic measurements 12 7 Report . 13 8 Handling of dat . 14 Annex A (informative) Minimum number of samples as a function of sampling duration 15 Annex 6 (informative) Calculation of the occupational exposure concentration f
12、rom individual analvtical values . 15 Annex C (informative) Example of the application of a formal procedure for the evaluation of workers exposure based upon measurements within the occupational exposure assessment (OEA) 19 Annex D (informativel Example of a possible approach to compare occupationa
13、l exposure concentrations with limit values 22 Annex E (informative) Establishing periodic measurements . Annex F (informative) Example for the selection of intervals between periodic measurements 25 26 Annex G (informative1 Statistical analysis of data Annex H (informative1 Bibliography . . 27 34 P
14、age 3 EN 689: 1995 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 Assessment of workplace exposure, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
15、endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by August 1995 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy
16、, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 689 : 1995 O Introduction Assessing occupational exposure to air contaminants in a representative way is a challenging task. It is necessary how,ever to gather information, evaluate and minimize exp
17、osure to chemical agents. Industrial processes and agents are countless. Each manufacturing stage may apply different conditions (e.g. batch production or continuous process, temperature, pressure) and agents (e.g. a wide variety of chemical substances); in each of these stages different job functio
18、ns may be necessary and be subject to different exposure conditions. Distance to emission sources and physical parameters such as rates of release, air current, meteorological variations, have also a profound influence. The resulting variability of exposure conditions is made even grater by individu
19、al practices. All this explains why rapid fluctuations in contaminant concentration or large variations over very small distances are commonplace: site, moment and duration of sampling are decisive. Some measurements on a given day or period may give an insufficient view of the actual variability of
20、 individual polluted-air exposure characteristics. The sampling equipment often introduces its own limitations, sometimes critical, as in aerosol fractions assessments, and the analytical steps add further difficulties or uncertainties, e.g. insufficient identifica- tion or separation of chemical sp
21、ecies, or interferences. In this complex context, sampling strategy is responsible for representativeness at the lowest possible cost. In this variety of situations and difficulties, assessments may be undertaken with very different motives, purposes, and practices. Schemes and guidelines are offere
22、d to harmonize basic concepts and actions. In order to guarantee the quality of assessments and, if necessary, to improve work conditions, pro- fessional judgment has to be exercised. 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidance for the assessment of exposure to chemical agents in workplace atmosph
23、eres. It describes a strategy to compare workers exposure by inhalation with relevant limit values for chemical agents in workplace and measurement strategy. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative
24、references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
25、 the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 482 Workplace atmospheres - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents 3 Definitions For the purpose of this European Standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 exposure: The presence
26、 of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing area of a worker. It is described in terms of concentration of the agent as derived from exposure measurements and referred to the same reference period as that used for the limit value. Page 5 EN 689 : 1995 3.2 chemical agent: Any chemical elemen
27、t or compound, on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market. 3.3 work pattern: The definable series of activities from the periods under consideration. 3.4 workplace: The wor
28、kplace is the defined area or areas in which the work activities are carried out. 3.5 limit value: Reference figure for the concentration of a chemical agent in air. Note: Limit values are mostly set for reference periods of 8 h, but may also be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions. T
29、he limit values for gases and vapours are stated in terms independent of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m3 (ppm VN) and in terms dependent on those variables in mg/m3 for a temperature of 20 OC and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. The limit values for suspended matter are given in mg/m3 or mul
30、tiples of that for actual environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) at the workplace. The limit values of fibres are given in fibres/m3 or fibres/cm3 for actual environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) at the workplace. 3.6 reference period: The specified period of time stated for the
31、 limit value of a specific agent. The reference period for a long term limit is normally 8 h and for short term limit normally 1 O min to 15 min. 3.7 personal sampler (or personal sampling device): A device attached to a person that samples air in the breathing area. 4 General The strategy includes
32、two phases: - an occupational exposure assessment (OEA): the exposure is compared with the limit value; - periodic measurements IPM) to regularlv check if exposure conditions have changed. The occupational exposure assessment is applied for the first evaluation and repeated after any significant cha
33、nge in working conditions, industrial process, products or chemicals or limit value. In this first phase no formal scheme of evaluation has to be followed, but it is left open to the professional judgment of the user to interpret and apply the guidelines. In the second phase, the frequency of the pe
34、riodic measurements depends on the result of previous measurements. The requirement for future periodic measurements should have been established as a result of the initial OEA or subsequent amendments to it. These requirements include the scope and frequency of measure- ments to be made. The period
35、ic measurements follow a procedure which is defined in the occupational exposure assessment. In certain cases the periodic measurements can be omitted. Figure 1 gives a schematic overview of the procedures described in this European Standard. Page 6 EN 689 : 1995 iocntily potential exposure (see 5.1
36、.2) Determine wortcoiace laciors (see 5.1.3) 4 1 Inilla1 aDpraisa1 o1 exposure (see 5.1.4.1) Can me presence o1 agents ln the air be rule0 out ?or certain 7 Yes- Conouct oasic survey (see 5.1.4.2) ExDosure aoove ilmli value? “to Exposure well OeIow Ilmil value ana remaining so on a long lerm Basis?
37、1 no I Conouci oecaiice survey (see 5.1.4.3) 1 Exposure aoovc Ilmil value? I I yes - n,Q Exposure well below Ilmit value and remaining so on a long term Oesls? -yes I no -no Pertoaic measurements necessary I Y)S ESiOlisn scneme lor perioalc measurements (see clause 6) Pertorm pcrioetc measurements E
38、xposure aoove IImlt value? I “,O ExPosure well OcIow limit value ana remaining so on a iong term DISIS? I no I (-L-i Repor1 (see clause 7) Talte remeaiai ocilon Repeal as scssmcnt Figure 1: Schematic overview of procedure Page 7 EN 689 : 1995 5 Occupational exposure assessment 5.1 Assessment strateg
39、y 5.1 .l General The workpattern and workplace under consideration have to be described within the occupational exposure assessment. The occupational exposure assessment is in three steps : - identification of potential exposure (list of substances); - determination of WorkDlace factors; - assessmen
40、t of exposures. 5.1.2 Identification of potential exposure The preparation of a list of all chemical agents in the workplace concerned is an essential first step to the identification of the potential for hazardous exposure. The list includes, as far as any of them can contribute to exposures, prima
41、ry products, impurities, intermediates, final products, reaction products and by-products. Appropriate limit values have to be obtained and where these are not available other criteria may be used for the purpose. In the case of a process not yet in operation this identification may be partially car
42、ried out by using relevant available data but such identification will need to be confirmed at a later stage. 5.1.3 Determination of workplace factors In this step the work processes and procedures are evaluated to gauge the potential for exposure to chemical agents by a detailed review of e-g.: - j
43、ob functions: .e. tasks; - work patterns and techniques; - production processes; - workplace configuration; - safety precautions and procedures; - ventilation installations and other forms of engineering control; - emission sources; - exposure times; - work load. Page 8 EN 689 : 1995 5.1.4 Assessmen
44、t of exposure An assessment of exposures which brings together the identification of potential exposures, the workplace factors and the links between them, requires a structured approach and may be conducted in three stages: - an initial appraisal; - a basic survey; - a detailed survey. For the comp
45、arison with the limit value the data about temporal and spatial distribution of the concen- trations of the substances in the workplace air have to be collected. However, it is not necessary to use every stage of the assessment. If it is expected that exposure exceeds the limit value or if it is cle
46、arly determined that exposure is well below the limit value then the occupational exposure assessment can be concluded and action taken in accordance with 5.5. 5.1.4.1 Initiai appraisal The initial appraisal, by referring to the list of chemical agents (see 5.1 2) and the workplace factors (see 5.1.
47、3) yields a consideration of the likelihood of exposure. The variables affecting the airborne concentrations of substances close to an individual are - the numbers of sources from which agents are released: - the production rate in relation to production capacity; - the rates of release from each so
48、urce: - the type and position of each source; - the dispersai of the agents by air movements; the type and effectiveness of exhaust and ventilation systems. The variables related to the individuals actions and behaviour are - how close the individual is to sources; - length of time spent in an area;
49、 - the individuals own work practices. If this initial appraisal shows that the presence of an agent in the air at the workplace cannot for certain be ruled out this agent needs further consideration (see 5.1.4.2 and 5.1.4.3). 5.1.4.2 Basic survey The basic survey provides quantitative information about exposure of workers concerned, taking particular account of tasks with high exposures. Possible sources of information are - earlier measurements; Page 9 EN 689 : 1995 - measurements from comparable installations or workprocesses; - reliable calculations based upon rele
