1、March 2015 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、97.195!%A*g“2300768www.din.deDDIN EN 16581Conservation of Cultural Heritage Surface protection for porous inorganic materials Laboratory test methods for the evaluation of the performance of waterrepellent products;English version EN 16581:2014,English translation of DIN EN 16581:2015-03Erhaltung de
3、s kulturellen Erbes Oberflchenschutz fr porse anorganische Materialien Laborprfverfahren fr die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit von wasserabweisendenProdukten;Englische Fassung EN 16581:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16581:2015-03Conservation du patrimoine culturel Protection de surface des matriau
4、x inorganiques poreux Mthodes dessai en laboratoire pour lvaluation des performances des produitshydrofuges;Version anglaise EN 16581:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16581:2015-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises 23 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritativ
5、e.02.15DIN EN 16581:2015-03 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16581:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural heritage” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-
6、Normenausschuss Bauwesen (DIN Standards Committee Building and Civil Engineering), Working Committee NA 005-01-36 AA Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes (SpA zu CEN/TC 346). EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16581 December 2014 ICS 97.195 English Version Conservation of Cultural Herit
7、age - Surface protection for porous inorganic materials - Laboratory test methods for the evaluation of the performance of water repellent products Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Protection de surface des matriaux inorganiques poreux - Mthodes dessai en laboratoire pour lvaluation des perform
8、ances des produits hydrofuges Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Oberflchenschutz fr porse anorganische Materialien - Laborprfverfahren fr die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit von wasserabweisenden Produkten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with
9、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Manage
10、ment Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same stat
11、us as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta
12、, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN
13、All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16581:2014 EEN 16581:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations 6 5 Test methods for eva
14、luation .7 6 Evaluation of long term performances 7 7 Test equipment for the treatment (apparatus and reagents) 7 8 Test procedure .8 8.1 Steps of evaluation of water repellent products 8 8.2 Specimen preparation and determination of dry mass .9 8.2.1 Number and dimensions of the test specimens .9 8
15、.2.2 Surface preparation 11 8.2.3 Initial characterization before treatment 11 8.2.4 Measurement of dry mass after characterization tests and before the treatment (m0B) . 11 8.3 Methodology of treatment application 11 8.3.1 General . 11 8.3.2 Conditioning of the specimens . 11 8.3.3 Duration of wate
16、r repellent application 11 8.3.4 Water repellent application by capillarity and measurement of dry constant mass after treatment (moA) 11 9 Determination of the amount of water repellent applied 12 10 Measurements and methods for treatment evaluation . 13 10.1 Determination of water absorption by ca
17、pillarity 13 10.2 Protection Degree by capillarity PDC13 10.3 Determination of water vapour permeability (p) 14 10.4 Reduction of water vapour permeability (p red) . 14 10.5 Determination of static contact angle. 14 10.6 Colour measurement of surfaces 15 10.7 Determination of water absorption by pip
18、e method . 15 10.8 Protection Degree of water absorption by pipe method PDLP. 15 10.9 Determination of drying properties. 16 11 Test report . 17 11.1 General information 17 11.2 Determination of water absorption by capillarity 17 11.3 Determination of water vapour permeability . 17 11.4 Colour measu
19、rement of surfaces 18 11.5 Measurement of water absorption by pipe method 18 11.6 Determination of drying properties. 18 11.7 Determination of static contact angle. 18 11.8 Gloss measurement . 18 11.9 Long term performances after ageing tests 19 Bibliography . 20 DIN EN 16581:2015-03 EN 16581:2014 (
20、E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16581:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endo
21、rsement, at the latest by June 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifyin
22、g any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav R
23、epublic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16581:2015-03 EN 16581:2014 (E) 4 Introduction
24、As part of the conservation of built heritage, a variety of surface treatments can be carried out to delay the decay processes. This document focuses on water repellent treatments of porous inorganic materials. The main goal of a water repellent is to reduce the penetration of liquid water and the s
25、ubstances dissolved in the water into porous material by changing its surface properties. A water repellent product when applied to the surface of a material decreases its surface tension and prevents wetting of the surface. The water repellent treatment is applied to the surface and penetrates into
26、 the pores of the material, the depth of penetration being dependent on the capillary properties of the material, the properties of the hydrophobic, the type and duration of application as well as the moisture content of the substrate and the temperature. Many deterioration mechanisms result from th
27、e presence of water and therefore the reduction of water absorption without significantly decreasing water vapour permeability may positively influence the preservation of porous inorganic materials. Coatings including varnishes and paints are not considered within this European Standard. A water re
28、pellent should fulfil the following requirements to: reduce the absorption of liquid water in the substrate, minimize change of water vapour permeability of the substrate, minimize change in colour and gloss of the substrate, produce no harmful by-products after the application, maintain its physica
29、l and chemical stability. Water repellent products should be applied on the surface of heritage objects only after they have been tested on representative samples of porous inorganic materials in the laboratory. Field trials on small areas are strongly recommended prior to final application. This Eu
30、ropean Standard for the evaluation of water repellent treatments is based on the measurement of appropriate parameters to assess the performance of the product using standardized test methods. In situ application methods include brushing, spraying, immersion, capillary rise absorption and poultice.
31、Due to the dimensions of samples and the requirements to perform reproducible treatment procedures for laboratory testing, the capillarity method is specified. Where a treatment cannot be applied according to the standard method (for example when an emulsion is used) the application method should be
32、 clearly described in the test report. Technical and chemical data sheets of treatment under evaluation should be provided; the data sheets which detail at least the chemical formulas of the active substances and concentrations, the names and the ratio of solvents, if applicable. In order to evaluat
33、e the durability and in service performance of a water repellent product applied on the substrate, ageing tests representing the environment in which the porous inorganic material is located can be carried out. DIN EN 16581:2015-03 EN 16581:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the met
34、hodology for laboratory evaluation of the performance of water repellent products on porous inorganic materials. It is based on the measurement of several parameters which assess the performance of the product using standard test methods before and after ageing. Acceptable performance within the lab
35、oratory does not constitute a blanket endorsement of application in every situation. The particular context of the heritage object, including such factors as material designation, condition, exposure, salt content and problems related to water ingress requires further investigation. 2 Normative refe
36、rences The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
37、EN 15801, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water absorption by capillarity EN 15802, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of static contact angle EN 15803, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water vapour
38、permeability (p) EN 15886, Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Colour measurement of surfaces EN 15898, Conservation of cultural property - Main general terms and definitions EN 16085, Conservation of Cultural property - Methodology for sampling from materials of cultural property - G
39、eneral rules EN 16302, Conservation of cultural heritage - Test methods - Measurement of water absorption by pipe method EN 16322, Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Test methods - Determination of drying properties EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic
40、 paint films at 20, 60 and 85 (ISO 2813) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15898 and the following apply. 3.1 water-repellency ability of the substrate to resist the ingress of liquid water 3.2 water repellent product product increasing
41、the water-repellency of the treated surface of porous inorganic materials 3.3 water repellent treatment application of a water repellent product to the surface of a material by a specified methodology DIN EN 16581:2015-03 EN 16581:2014 (E) 6 3.4 protection degree by capillarity reduction of the amou
42、nt of water absorption by capillarity before and after the treatment 3.5 protection degree by pipe reduction of the amount of water absorption by pipe before and after the treatment 3.6 specular gloss ratio of the luminous flux reflected from an object in the specular direction for a specified sourc
43、e and receptor angle to the luminous flux reflected from glass with a refractive index of 1,567 in the specular direction 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply: m0 B dry mass after characterization tests and before the treatment,
44、 in kg; m0 Adry mass after the treatment, in kg; titime elapsed from the beginning of the test, in s; Qiwater absorbed by capillarity per unit area, in kg/m2; AC capillary water absorption coefficient, in kg/(m2s1/2); Qpwater repellent product absorbed, as a mass %; PDCiProtection Degree by capillar
45、ity at time ti, as a mass %; QBiamount of absorbed water by capillarity of untreated specimen at time ti, in kg/m2; QAiamount of absorbed water of treated specimen at time ti, in kg/m2; pwater vapour permeability, in kg/(m s Pa); p Bwater vapour permeability before treatment, in kg/(m s Pa); p Awate
46、r vapour permeability after treatment, in kg/(m s Pa); p redreduction of water vapour permeability, as a %; L* lightness coordinate. The scale for L* ranges from 0 (black) to 100 (white); a* red/green coordinate, with +a* indicating redness and -a* indicating greenness; b* yellow/blue coordinate, wi
47、th +b* indicating yellowness and -b* indicating blueness; L*BLightness coordinate before treatment; L*ALightness coordinate after treatment; a*Bred/green coordinate before treatment; a*Ared/green coordinate after treatment; b*Byellow/blue coordinate before treatment; b*Ayellow/blue coordinate after
48、treatment; * total colour difference; PDLPProtection Degree by pipe method, as a %; (Wf)Bamount of absorbed water by pipe method at the end of the test before the treatment, in ml/cm2; (Wf)Aamount of absorbed water by pipe method at the end of the test after the treatment, in ml/cm2; DIN EN 16581:20
49、15-03 EN 16581:2014 (E) 7 D1 Bdrying rate corresponding to the first drying phase before the treatment, in kg/(m2h); D1 Adrying rate corresponding to the first drying phase after the treatment, in kg/(m2h); D1 redreduction of the drying rate, as a %; contact angle, in . 5 Test methods for evaluation The methods listed here below are used for the evaluation of a water repellent product in relation to the possible changes of the characteristics of porous inorganic materials. 1) Determination of water absorption by ca
