1、October 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 20No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 47.020.10; 47.080!$ZC_
2、“1553260www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 12215-8Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 8: Rudders (ISO 12215-8:2009)English version of DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge Rumpfbauweise und Dimensionierung Teil 8: Ruder (ISO 12215-8:2009)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10www.be
3、uth.deDocument comprises 52 pagesDIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 “Small craft” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden) in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS T01 “Shipbuilding and maritime structures” (Secretariat: CMC). T
4、he responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenstelle Schiffs- und Meerestechnik (Shipbuilding and Marine Technology Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 132-08-01 AA Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge in collaboration with CEN/BT/WG 69 “Small craft”. In the light of the publicatio
5、n of EU Directive 2003/44/EC amending EU Directive 94/25/EC, the following is to be noted: In German, the term Auslegungskategorie has been replaced by the term Entwurfskategorie. Design categories A and D in this standard deviate from those given in Directive 2003/44/EC, where they are defined as f
6、ollows: A. Ocean: Designed for extended voyages where conditions may exceed wind force 8 (Beaufort scale) and significant wave heights of 4 m and above but excluding abnormal conditions, and vessels largely self-sufficient. B. Offshore: Designed for offshore voyages where conditions up to, and inclu
7、ding, wind force 8 and significant wave heights up to, and including, 4 m may be experienced. C. Inshore: Designed for voyages in coastal waters, large bays, estuaries, lakes and rivers where conditions up to, and including, wind force 6 and significant wave heights up to, and including, 2 m may be
8、experienced. D. Sheltered waters: Designed for voyages on sheltered coastal waters, small bays, small lakes, rivers and canals when conditions up to, and including, wind force 4 and significant wave heights up to, and including, 0,3 m may be experienced, with occasional waves of 0,5 m maximum height
9、, for example from passing vessels. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of this document are as follows: ISO 8666 DIN EN ISO 8666 ISO 12215-5 DIN EN ISO 12215-5 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 8666, Small craft Principal data
10、 DIN EN ISO 12215-5, Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 12215-8May 2009ICS 47.020.10; 47.080English VersionSmall craft - Hull construction and scantlings
11、- Part 8: Rudders(ISO 12215-8:2009)Petits navires - Construction de coques et chantillonnage -Partie 8: Gouvernails (ISO 12215-8:2009)Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Rumpfbauweise undDimensionierung - Teil 8: Ruder (ISO 12215-8:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 April 2009.CEN members ar
12、e bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to th
13、e CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same st
14、atus as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania,
15、Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide
16、for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 12215-8:2009: EContents 2 DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) Page Foreword .4 Introduction.5 1 Scope6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Symbols7 5 Design stresses.9 5.1 Rudder material .9 6 Rudder and steering arrangement, r
17、udder types.10 6.1 General .10 6.2 Rudder types11 7 Design rudder force calculation 15 7.1 General .15 7.2 Force F and corresponding load case 16 7.3Force F and corresponding load case 178 Rudder bending moment and reactions at bearings .18 8.1 General .18 8.2 Analysis of spade rudder (Type I)18 8.3
18、 Analysis of skeg rudders (Types II to V).19 9 Rudder design torque, T.21 10 Rudder and rudder stock design .22 10.1 Load bearing parts of the rudder.22 10.2 Metal rudder stock material22 10.3 Design stress for metal rudder stock23 10.4 Required diameter for solid circular metal rudder stocks 23 10.
19、5 Vertical variation of the diameter of a Type I rudder (spade) .23 10.6 Round tubular stocks24 10.7 Non-circular metal rudder stocks25 10.8 Simple non-isotropic rudder stocks (e.g. wood or FRP) 26 10.9 Complex structural rudders and rudder stocks in composite26 10.10 Check of deflection of Type I r
20、udder stocks between bearings.26 11 Equivalent diameter at the level of notches .27 12 Rudder bearings, pintles and gudgeons.27 12.1 Bearing arrangement 27 12.2 Clearance between stock and bearings28 13 Rudder stock structure and rudder construction 29 13.1 Rudder stock structure.29 13.2 Rudder cons
21、truction .29 13.3 FRP rudder blades.29 13.4 Non-FRP rudder blades 30 14 Skeg structure .30 14.1 General .30 14.2 Design stress .30 Annex A (normative) Metal for rudder stock31 123 EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 Annex B (normative) Complex composite rudder stock design . 35 Annex
22、C (normative) Complete calculation for rudders with skeg. 37 Annex D (informative) Geometrical properties of some typical rudder blade shapes 41 Annex E (informative) Vertical variation of diameter for Type I rudders 44 Annex F (informative) Type I rudders Deflection of stock between bearings . 46 B
23、ibliography. 49 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/25/EC amended by EU Directive 2003/44/EC 50 Foreword 4 in collaboration with CEN Sub-sector T01 “Shipbuilding and maritime structures”, the secretariat of which i
24、s held by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possib
25、ility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade As
26、sociation, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
27、 to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi
28、tzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12215-8:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12215-8:2009 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) This document (EN ISO 12215-8:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 “Sma
29、ll craft” Introduction The reason underlying the preparation of this part of ISO 12215 is that standards and recommended practices for loads on the hull and the dimensioning of small craft differ considerably, thus limiting the general worldwide acceptability of craft. This part of ISO 12215 has bee
30、n set towards the lower boundary range of common practice. The objective of this part of ISO 12215 is to achieve an overall structural strength that ensures the watertight and weathertight integrity of the craft. The working group considers this part of ISO 12215 to have been developed applying pres
31、ent practice and sound engineering principles. The design loads and criteria of this part of ISO 12215 may be used with the scantling determination equations of this part of ISO 12215 or using equivalent engineering methods such as continuous beam theory, matrix-displacement method and classical lam
32、ination theory, as indicated within. Considering future development in technology and craft types, and small craft presently outside the scope of this part of ISO 12215, provided that methods supported by appropriate technology exist, consideration may be given to their use as long as equivalent str
33、ength to this part of ISO 12215 is achieved. The dimensioning according to this part of ISO 12215 is regarded as reflecting current practice, provided the craft is correctly handled in the sense of good seamanship and equipped and operated at a speed appropriate to the prevailing sea state. 5 EN ISO
34、 12215-8:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 1 Scope This part of ISO 12215 gives requirements on the scantlings of rudders fitted to small craft with a length of hull, LH, of up to 24 m, measured according to ISO 8666. It applies only to monohulls. This part of ISO 12215 does not give requirements
35、on rudder characteristics required for proper steering capabilities. This part of ISO 12215 only considers pressure loads on the rudder due to craft manoeuvring. Loads on the rudder or its skeg, where fitted, induced by grounding or docking, where relevant, are out of scope and need to be considered
36、 separately. NOTE Scantlings derived from this part of ISO 12215 are primarily intended to apply to recreational craft including charter craft. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cit
37、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8666, Small craft Principal data ISO 12215-5:2008, Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination
38、3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 design categories sea and wind conditions for which a craft is assessed by this part of ISO 12215 to be suitable, provided the craft is correctly handled in the sense of good seamanship and oper
39、ated at a speed appropriate to the prevailing sea state 3.1.1 design category A (“ocean”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights above 4 m and wind speeds in excess of Beaufort Force 8, but excluding abnormal conditions such as hurricanes 6 DIN EN ISO
40、12215-8:2009-10 EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) 3.1.2 design category B (“offshore”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights up to 4 m and winds of Beaufort Force 8 or less 3.1.3 design category C (“inshore”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in
41、seas with significant wave heights up to 2 m and a typical steady wind force of Beaufort Force 6 or less 3.1.4 design category D (“sheltered waters”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in waters with significant wave heights up to and including 0,3 m with occasional waves of 0,5 m heig
42、ht, for example from passing vessels, and a typical steady wind force of Beaufort Force 4 or less 3.2 loaded displacement mass mLDCmass of the craft, including all appendages, when in the fully loaded ready-for-use condition as defined in ISO 8666 3.3 sailing craft craft for which the primary means
43、of propulsion is wind power, having AS 0,07(mLDC)2/3where ASis the total profile area of all sails that may be set at one time when sailing closed hauled, as defined in ISO 8666 and expressed in square metres NOTE 1 For the headsails, ASis the area of the fore triangle. NOTE 2 In the rest of this pa
44、rt of ISO 12215, non-sailing craft are called motor craft. 4 Symbols For the purposes of this document, unless specifically otherwise defined, the symbols given in Table 1 apply. NOTE The symbols used in the annexes are not listed in Table 1. 7 EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 12215-8:2009-10 Tabl
45、e 1 Symbols, coefficients, parameters Symbol Unit Designation/meaning of symbol (Sub)clause/table concerned A m2Total area of the moving part of the rudder 6.2.1, 6.2.3 A0m2Rudder effective area (Types II to IV) 6.2.3 A1m2Rudder blade area (Types II to IV) or top blade area (Type V) 6.2.3 A2m2Bottom
46、 rudder blade area (Type V) 6.2.3 A3m2Rudder skeg area only used to determine type (see Figure 3) 6.2.3 c m Rudder chord length at centre of area level 6.2.1, 6.2.2 c1m Length of the top chord (Type I) 6.2.1 c2m Length of the bottom chord (Type I) 6.2.1 co1m Compensation at top chord (distance from
47、LE to rotation axis) (Type I) 6.2.2 co2m Compensation at bottom chord (distance from LE to stock CL) (Type I) 6.2.2 d mm Required solid stock diameter 10.4 dimm Inner diameter of tubular stock 10.6 domm Outer diameter of tubular stock 10.6 F N Final side force on rudder 7.1 F1N Side force on rudder
48、in design category sea state 7.2 F2N Side force on rudder during a turn at speed in slight sea 7.3 hbm Height between rudder top and centre of hull bearing 6.2.1 hcm Height between rudder top and centre of area 6.2.1 hdm Height between rudder top and centre of skeg bearing (Type V) 6.2.3 hem Height
49、between rudder bottom and centre of skeg bearing (Type V) 6.2.3 hinm Height between centre of upper bearing and a point inside the hull (Type I) 6.2.1 houm Height between bottom of spade and a point outside the hull (Type I) 6.2.1 hrm Average height of rudder blade (see Figure 1) 6.2.1 hsm Height of skeg from hull attachment to skeg bearing (Types II to V) 6.2.3 hum Height between centres of hull (lower) bearing and upper bearing 6.2.1 kb1 Rudder bending coefficient 6.2.1 kFLAT1 Coefficient lowering force for flat or wedge rudder blade shape 7.3 kGAP1 Coeffic
