1、July 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 1
2、7.040.30!$se“1805666www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 12781-2Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Flatness Part 2: Specification operators (ISO 12781-2:2011)English translation of DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) Ebenheit Teil 2: Spezifikationsoperatoren (ISO 12781-2:2011)En
3、glische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07Spcification gomtrique des produits (GPS) Planit Partie 2: Oprateurs de spcification (ISO 12781-2:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07SupersedesDIN ISO/TS 12781-2:2008-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the Germa
4、n-language original shall be considered authoritative.2107.11 DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 “Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 290 “D
5、imensional and geometrical product specification and verification” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Technische Grundlagen (Fundamental Technical Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 152-03-02-13 UA Formprfung (GMA 3.2
6、1). The International Standards ISO 12180-1 and ISO 12180-2 ISO 12181-1 and ISO 12181-2 ISO 12780-1 and ISO 12780-2 ISO 12781-1 and ISO 12781-2 defining the vocabulary (Parts 1) and the principles of measurement (Parts 2) of deviations from roundness, cylindricity, straightness and flatness have bee
7、n prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 “Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Joint Working Committee DIN NA 152-03-02-13 UA/VDI/VDE-GMA 3.21 Formprfung which recommends: Users of this standard shou
8、ld note that the provisions in Part 2 of the respective standard regarding probe tip radius, probing force, defaults for filter undulation, method of association are representative of idealized measurement conditions. As a basis for the practical implementation, the Joint Working Committee establish
9、ed the VDI/VDE 2631 guideline series on form measurement. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 12781-1 DIN EN ISO 12781-1 ISO 14253-1 DIN EN ISO 14253-1 ISO 17450-2 DIN EN ISO 17450-21)1) In preparation. A comma is used as th
10、e decimal marker. DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 3 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO/TS 12781-2:2008-05 as follows: a) the Technical Specification has been adopted as an International Standard; b) the standard has been technically revised. Previous editions DIN ISO/TS 12781-2: 2005-07, 2008-
11、05 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 12781-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Flatness Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of flatness DIN EN ISO 14253-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment Part 1: Dec
12、ision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with specifications DIN EN ISO 17450-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 2: Basic tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD N
13、ORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12781-2 April 2011 ICS 17.040.20 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 12781-2:2007English Version Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Flatness - Part 2: Specification operators (ISO 12781-2:2011) Spcification gomtrique des produits (GPS) - Planit - Partie 2: Oprateurs d
14、e spcification (ISO 12781-2:2011) Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Ebenheit - Teil 2: Spezifikationsoperatoren (ISO 12781-2:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 February 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the con
15、ditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exis
16、ts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national sta
17、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
18、 United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 127
19、81-2:2011: EContents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Complete specification operator5 4.1 General5 4.2 Probing system6 5 Compliance with the specification.6 Annex A (informative) Harmonic content of a nominally flat workpiece and extract
20、ion strategy 7 Annex B (informative) Extraction strategies 11 Annex C (informative) Relationship to the GPS matrix model15 Bibliography 17 DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 EN ISO 12781-2:2011 (E) 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12781-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 “Dimensiona
21、l and geometrical product specifications and verification” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eit
22、her by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and
23、/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 12781-2:2007. ISO 12781 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Flatness: Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of flatne
24、ss Part 2: Specification operators According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany
25、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12781-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12781-2:2011 w
26、ithout any modification. DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 EN ISO 12781-2:2011 (E) 3 Introduction This part of ISO 12781 is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences chain link 3 of the chain of standards on form of
27、a surface (independent of a datum). The ISO/GPS Masterplan given in ISO/TR 14638 gives an overview of the ISO/GPS system of which this part of ISO 12781 is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO/GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this part of ISO 12781 and the default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 a
28、pply to specifications made in accordance with this part of ISO 12781, unless otherwise indicated. For more detailed information on the relationship of this part of ISO 12781 to other standards and the GPS matrix model, see Annex C. This part of ISO 12781 specifies the specification operators accord
29、ing to ISO 17450-2 for flatness of integral features. ISO 12780-2 does not specify defaults for filter cut-off, probe tip radius and method of association (reference plane). This means that it is necessary for a flatness specification to explicitly state which values are to be used for these specifi
30、cation operations in order for it to be unique. Consequently, if a specification does not explicitly state which values are to be used for one or more of these operators, the specification is ambiguous (see ISO 17450-2) and a supplier can use any value for the operator(s) not specified when proving
31、conformance. Extracting data always involves applying a certain filtering process. An additional filtering of the extracted data might or might not be applied. This additional filter can be a mean line filter (Gaussian, spline, wavelet, etc.) or a non-linear filter (e.g. morphological filter). The t
32、ype of filtering influences the definition of flatness and the specification operators and, therefore, needs to be stated unambiguously. NOTE 1 Stylus filtering is not sufficient on its own to smooth a profile. In certain circumstances, it can create spurious high-frequency content, thus giving inco
33、rrect values. To correct this, a longwave-pass filter can be employed. A Gaussian filter is used, since this is the state-of-the-art. This filter has some shortcomings, e.g. it can distort, rather than eliminate some roughness features and it can distort, rather than transmit correctly some waviness
34、 features. It is envisioned that new filters under development within ISO provide better solutions for several of these issues. NOTE 2 If a smaller tip radius than the one specified is used for a given cut-off length, the resulting measured value is generally higher. This effect is usually insignifi
35、cant. If a larger tip radius is used, the resulting measured value is generally lower. The amount of change is heavily dependent on the surface measured. NOTE 3 The measuring force of 0 N is chosen to eliminate effects of elastic deformation of the workpiece from the specification operator. On metal
36、 surfaces with adequate thickness, the effect of normally occurring measuring forces is negligible. NOTE 4 Aliasing and other problems during extraction (see Annex A) due to the higher harmonic content of the skin model, in the straightness directions, can cause specification uncertainty. This part
37、of ISO 12781 is not intended to disallow any means of measuring flatness. DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 EN ISO 12781-2:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of ISO 12781 specifies the complete specification operator for flatness of complete integral features only, i.e. geometrical characteristics of individual
38、features of type plane. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IS
39、O 12781-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Flatness Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of flatness ISO 14253-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance
40、 with specifications ISO 17450-2:1), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 2: Basic temets, specifications, operators and uncertainties 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12781-1 and ISO 17450-2 apply. 4 Complete
41、 specification operator 4.1 General The complete specification operator (see ISO 17450-2) is a full ordered set of unambiguous specification operations in a well-defined order. The complete specification operator defines the transmission band for the flatness surface, together with an appropriate st
42、ylus tip geometry. NOTE In practice, it is unrealistic to achieve comprehensive coverage of the flatness feature given by the theoretical minimum density of points (see Annex B) within an acceptable time span using current technology. Therefore, more limited extraction strategies are employed that g
43、ive specific rather than general information concerning the deviations from flat form. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-2:2002) DIN EN ISO 12781-2:2011-07 EN ISO 12781-2:2011 (E) 5 4.2 Probing system 4.2.1 Probing method A contacting probing system with a stylus tip, as defined in 4.2.2
44、, is part of the specification operator. 4.2.2 Stylus tip geometry The theoretically exact stylus tip geometry is a sphere. 4.2.3 Probing force The probing force is 0 N. 5 Compliance with the specification For proving conformance or non-conformance with the specification, ISO 14253-1 applies. DIN EN
45、 ISO 12781-2:2011-07 EN ISO 12781-2:2011 (E) 6 Annex A (informative) Harmonic content of a nominally flat workpiece and extraction strategy A.1 Harmonic content A finite length signal can be decomposed into a number of sinusoidal components called a Fourier series. A Fourier series consists of a fun
46、damental sinusoid whose wavelength is the length of the signal and harmonic sinusoids, whose wavelengths divide into the fundamental wavelength a whole number of times. The fundamental sinusoid is called the first harmonic of the signal. The sinusoid whose wavelength is half the fundamental waveleng
47、th is called the second harmonic. The sinusoid whose wavelength is one third the fundamental wavelength is called the third harmonic, etc. (see Figure A.1). Thus, the nth harmonic is that sinusoid whose wavelength divides into the fundamental wavelength exactly n times. a) First harmonic b) Second h
48、armonic c) Third harmonic Figure A.1 First three harmonics of a signal All of the above signals decomposed into Fourier series are profiles, whereas the surface of a plane is an area. An area can be thought of as the combination of two profiles where the directions of the two profiles can be used to
49、 establish a coordinate system for the area. In the case of a plane, the two profiles are orthogonal to each other within the plane, with any position on the plane being located by giving its coordinates with respect to its distance in the direction of one profile and distance in the other profiles direction from an origin. In a similar way, an area can be decomposed into a combination of two Fourier series. In practice, this area has a finite length in each of the two directions defined by the orthogonal pro
