1、May 2016 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.10!%UVi“2505170www.din.deDIN
2、EN ISO 17828Solid biofuels Determination of bulk density (ISO 17828:2015);English version EN ISO 17828:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05Biogene Festbrennstoffe Bestimmung der Schttdichte (ISO 17828:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 17828:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17828
3、:2016-05Biocombustibles solides Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente (ISO 17828:2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 17828:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05SupersedesDIN EN 15103:2010-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 17 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, th
4、e German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.16 DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 17828:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/
5、TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Biogene Festbrennstoffe. Users of this standards should take note of the f
6、ollowing: In Formula (2) in Subclause 8.2, Marindicates the moisture content as received, as a percentage by mass (moist basis). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 14780 E DIN EN ISO 14780 ISO 16559 DIN EN ISO 16559 ISO 181
7、34-1 DIN EN ISO 18134-1 ISO 18134-2 DIN EN ISO 18134-2 ISO 18135 E DIN EN ISO 18135 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 15103:2010-04 as follows: a) the content of EN ISO 17828 (based on EN 15103) has been adopted in full; b) the German translation of “solid biofuels” has been changed throu
8、ghout the document from Feste Biobrennstoffe to Biogene Festbrennstoffe; c) references to EN Standards have been replaced by references to the relevant ISO Standards and have been updated; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15103: 2005-10 DIN EN 15103: 2010-04
9、 DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography E DIN EN ISO 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation DIN EN ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and description DIN EN ISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total
10、moisture Reference method DIN EN ISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method E DIN EN ISO 18135, Solid biofuels Sampling DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
11、 NORM EN ISO 17828 December 2015 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 15103:2009English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of bulk density(ISO 17828:2015) Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente (ISO 17828:2015) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schttdichte (
12、ISO 17828:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bib
13、liographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respo
14、nsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Rep
15、ublic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORM
16、ALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17828:2015 EEuropean foreword .3Introduction 51 Scope . 62 Normative
17、 references 63 Terms and definitions . 64 Principle 65 Apparatus . 65.1 Measuring containers 65.1.1 General 65.1.2 Large container . 75.1.3 Small container . 75.2 Balances 85.2.1 Balance 1 . 85.2.2 Balance 2 . 85.3 Scantlings . 85.4 Wooden board . 86 Sample preparation . 87 Procedure. 87.1 Determina
18、tion of the container volume 87.2 Container selection . 87.3 Measurement procedure 88 Calculation 98.1 Calculation of bulk density as received 98.2 Calculation of bulk density on dry basis 109 Performance characteristics . 109.1 General 109.2 Repeatability 109.3 Reproducibility 1010 Test report 10An
19、nex A (informative) Measuring differences of sample treatment with and without shock impact 12Bibliography . 13Contents PageDIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05EN ISO 17828:2015 (E)2Foreword . 4European foreword This document (EN ISO 17828:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuel
20、s“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting nationa
21、l standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN
22、 15103:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standa
23、rd: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spai
24、n, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17828:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17828:2015 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05EN ISO 17828:2015 (E)3 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
25、federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that c
26、ommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document
27、 and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,
28、Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of
29、 the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific t
30、erms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.DIN E
31、N ISO 17828:2016-05EN ISO 17828:2015 (E)4 IntroductionBulk density is an important parameter for fuel deliveries on volume basis, and together with the net calorific value, it determines the energy density. It also facilitates the estimation of space requirements for transport and storage. This Inte
32、rnational Standard describes the determination of the bulk density of pourable solid biofuels, which can be conveyed in a continuous material flow.For practical reasons, two standard measuring containers with a volume of 5 l or 50 l were chosen for the determination. Due to the limited volume of the
33、se containers, some fuels are therefore excluded from the scope of this International Standard. This, for example, applies for chunk wood, non-comminuted bark, baled material and larger briquettes. The bulk density of such fuels can be calculated from their mass and the volume of the container or lo
34、rry used for transportation.To decide on the actual storage volume requirement of a solid biofuel the different storage conditions, which usually differ largely from the conditions of sample analysis (e.g. height of heap versus volume of the standard measuring container, moisture content) also have
35、to be taken into account.The described method herein includes a defined shock exposure of the bulk material for several reasons. A shock leads to a certain volume reduction, which accounts for compaction effects occurring during the production chain. These compaction effects are mainly due the fact,
36、 that the fuel is usually transported and/or stored in containers or silos that are much larger than the measuring container as chosen for the described method. Thus, in practice, the higher mass load leads to an increased load pressure and to settling of the material, which can also be additionally
37、 enhanced by the vibrations during transportation. Furthermore, filling or unloading operations in practice usually apply a higher falling depth than the one chosen for the performed test. This will also result in a respectively higher compaction due to the increased kinetic energy of the particles
38、falling. A procedure which applies a controlled shock to the sample was thus believed to reflect the practically prevailing bulk density in a better way than a method without shock. This is particularly true when the mass of a delivered fuel has to be estimated from the volume load of a transporting
39、 vehicle, which is a common procedure in many countries. For a rough estimation on how susceptible the different solid biofuels are towards the shock exposure, some research data are given in Annex A. The data show a compaction effect between 6 % and 18 % for biomass fuels.DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05EN
40、 ISO 17828:2015 (E)5 1 ScopeThis International Standard defines a method of determining bulk density of solid biofuels by the use of a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all pourable solid biofuels with a nominal top size of maximum 100 mm.Bulk density is not an absolute valu
41、e; therefore, conditions for its determination have to be standardized in order to gain comparative measuring results.NOTE Bulk density of solid biofuels is subject to variation due to several factors such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying, and wetting. Measured bulk density can
42、therefore deviate from actual conditions during transportation, storage, or transhipment.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. Fo
43、r undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation1)ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method, Part
44、1: Total moisture Reference methodISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method, Part 2: Total moisture Simplified procedureISO 18135, Solid biofuels Sampling1)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 apply
45、.4 PrincipleA standard container is filled with the test portion of a given size and shape, densified by defined shock exposure and weighed afterwards. The bulk density is calculated from the net weight per standard volume and reported with the determined moisture content.5 Apparatus5.1 Measuring co
46、ntainers5.1.1 GeneralThe container shall be cylindrically shaped and manufactured of a shock resistant, smooth-surfaced material. The container shall be resistant to deformation in order to prevent any variation in shape 1) In preparation.DIN EN ISO 17828:2016-05EN ISO 17828:2015 (E)6 and volume. Th
47、e container has to be waterproof. For easier handling, grips can be fixed externally. The height-diameter-ratio shall be within 1,25 and 1,50.KeyD1 = 360 mmH1 = 491 mmFigure 1 Large measuring containerKeyD2 = 167 mmH2 = 228 mmFigure 2 Small measuring container5.1.2 Large containerThe large measuring
48、 container (see Figure 1) has a filling volume of 50 l (0,05 m3) volume. The volume can deviate by 1 l (= 2 %). It shall have an effective (inner) diameter of 360 mm and an effective (inner) height of 491 mm (see Figure 1). Deviations from these dimensions are tolerable, if the height-diameter-ratio remains as given in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Small containerThe small measuring container (see Figure 2) has a filling volume of 5 l (0,005 m3) vo
