1、3rdEdition / December 2008High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC StandardECMA-368Ecma International Rue du Rhne 114 CH-1204 Geneva T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01 www.ecma-international.org StandardECMA-3683rdEdition - December 2008High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC StandardIntroductionThis International St
2、andard specifies the ultra wideband (UWB) physical layer (PHY) and mediumaccess control (MAC) sublayer for a high-speed, short-range wireless network, utilizing all or part ofthe spectrum between 3 100 10 600 MHz supporting data rates of up to 480 Mb/s. This standard divides the spectrum into 14 ban
3、ds, each with a bandwidth of 528 MHz. The first 12bands are then grouped into four band groups consisting of three bands. The last two bands aregrouped into a fifth band group. A sixth band group is also defined within the spectrum of the first four,consistent with usage within worldwide regulatory
4、regulations. A MultiBand Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (MB-OFDM) scheme is used to transmitinformation. A total of 110 sub-carriers (100 data carriers and 10 guard carriers) are used per band. Inaddition, 12 pilot subcarriers allow for coherent detection. Frequency-domain spreading, time-
5、domainspreading, and forward error correction (FEC) coding are provided for optimum performance under avariety of channel conditions.The MAC sublayer is designed to enable mobility, such that a group of devices may continuecommunicating while merging or splitting from other groups of devices. To max
6、imize flexibility, thefunctionality of this MAC is distributed among devices. These functions include distributed coordinationto avoid interference between different groups of devices by appropriate use of channels anddistributed medium reservations to ensure Quality of Service. The MAC sublayer pro
7、vides prioritizedschemes for isochronous and asynchronous data transfer. To do this, a combination of Carrier SenseMultiple Access (CSMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is used. A Distributed ReservationProtocol (DRP) is used to reserve the medium for TDMA access for isochronous and other
8、traffic. Fornetwork scalability, Prioritized Contention Access (PCA) is provided using a CSMA scheme. The MAChas policies that ensure equitable sharing of the bandwidth.Taken together, the PHY and MAC specified in this Ecma standard are well-suited to high rate, zeroinfrastructure communications bet
9、ween a mixed population of portable and fixed electronic devices.This International Standard is not intended to represent the regulatory requirements of any country orregion. The 2nd edition adds the following for regulatory flexibility: An additional TFI code An additional Band Group Tone nulling f
10、or interfence avoidanceand relaxes the requirement for Band group 1 relocates some assigned numbers to Ecma registeries on the website.The 3rd edition adds an Information Element for Bluetooth.This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of December 2008.Table of contents- i -1 Scope
11、12 Conformance 13 Normative References 14 Terms and Definitions 14.1 access category (AC) 14.2 beacon group 14.3 beacon period (BP) 14.4 beacon period start time (BPST) 14.5 channel 14.6 data integrity 24.7 device 24.8 distributed reservation protocol (DRP) 24.9 extended beacon group 24.10 frame 24.
12、11 frame protection 24.12 MAC Client 24.13 MAC command data unit (MCDU) 24.14 MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) 24.15 MAC service data unit (MSDU) 24.16 message integrity code (MIC) 24.17 neighbour 24.18 network allocation vector (NAV) 24.19 prioritized contention access (PCA) 24.20 pseudo-random number
13、 generation 24.21 random number generator 34.22 reservation 34.23 reservation block 34.24 secure frame 34.25 stream 34.26 superframe 34.27 symmetric key 34.28 transmission opportunity (TXOP) 34.29 TXOP holder 34.30 user priority 35 Notational conventions 3- ii -6 Abbreviations and acronyms 37 Genera
14、l description 77.1 PHY general description 77.2 MAC general description 77.2.1 General description of the architecture 77.2.2 Device address 87.2.3 Features assumed from the PHY 87.2.4 Overview of MAC service functionality 97.2.5 MUX sublayer 137.2.6 MAC policies 137.2.7 Test vectors 138 PHY layer p
15、artitioning 148.1 PHY function 148.2 PLCP sublayer 148.3 PMD sublayer 148.4 PHY layer management entity (PLME) 149 Description of signal 149.1 Mathematical framework 149.2 Tone-Nulling 1610 PLCP sublayer 1610.1 PPDU 1710.1.1 PSDU rate-dependent parameters 1910.1.2 Timing-related parameters 1910.1.3
16、Frame-related parameters 2010.2 PLCP preamble 2010.2.1 Standard PLCP preamble 2110.2.2 Burst PLCP preamble 2310.3 PLCP header 4510.3.1 PHY header 4510.3.2 Reed-Solomon outer code for the PLCP header 4910.3.3 Header check sequence 5210.4 PSDU 5210.4.1 Pad bits 5310.5 Data scrambler 5410.6 Tail bits 5
17、510.7 Convolutional encoder 5510.8 Bit interleaving 5910.9 Constellation mapping 6110.9.1 QPSK 6110.9.2 Dual-carrier modulation (DCM) 6210.10 OFDM modulation 64- iii -10.10.1 Implementation considerations 6810.10.2 Data subcarriers 6810.10.3 Guard subcarriers 7210.10.4 Pilot subcarriers 7211 General
18、 requirements 7411.1 Operating band frequencies 7411.1.1 Operating frequency range 7411.1.2 Band numbering 7411.2 Channelization 7511.3 PHY layer timing 7911.3.1 Interframe spacing 7911.3.2 Receive-to-transmit turnaround time 7911.3.3 Transmit-to-receive turnaround time 8011.3.4 Time between success
19、ive transmissions 8011.3.5 Band frequency switch time 8012 Transmitter specifications 8012.1 Transmit PSD mask 8012.2 Transmit centre frequency tolerance 8112.3 Symbol clock frequency tolerance 8112.4 Clock synchronization 8112.5 Phase coherence 8112.6 Transmit power control 8112.7 Transmitter const
20、ellation error 8213 Receiver specification 8413.1 Receiver sensitivity 8413.2 Receiver CCA performance 8513.3 Link quality indicator 8513.4 Receive Signal Strength Indicator 8614 Ranging and location awareness 8614.1 Ranging requirements 8614.2 Ranging reference signal 8614.3 PHY ranging resources 8
21、614.4 PHY ranging operation 8614.5 Ranging calibration constants 8714.6 Example range measurement (informative) 8715 PHY and MAC service access points (informative) 8815.1 Generic MIB management primitives 8915.1.1 XX-GET.request 9015.1.2 XX-GET.confirm 9015.1.3 XX-SET.request 91- iv -15.1.4 XX-SET.
22、confirm 9115.2 PHY SAP interface 9215.2.1 Data transfer 9215.2.2 PHY transmission control 9315.2.3 PHY reception control 9515.2.4 PHY CCA control 9815.3 PLME SAP interface 9915.3.1 PHY reset 10115.3.2 PHY ranging timer control 10115.4 MAC sublayer management primitives 10315.5 MAC management informa
23、tion base (MIB) 10315.6 MLME SAP interface 10315.6.1 Reset 10315.6.2 Scan 10415.6.3 Beacon transmission and reception 10615.6.4 IE management 11115.6.5 PTK establishment 11315.6.6 GTK solicitation/distribution 11615.6.7 Temporal key update 11915.6.8 Security violation report 12115.6.9 Pseudo-random
24、function (PRF) 12215.6.10 Application-specific IE (ASIE) management 12315.6.11 Multicast address binding 12615.6.12 Link events 12915.6.13 Probe 13315.6.14 Hibernation and sleep cycle 13615.6.15 Higher layer synchronization support 14115.6.16 Reservation management 14315.6.17 Connection configuratio
25、n primitives 15015.6.18 Range measurement 15115.6.19 Application-specific command management 15315.7 MAC SAP interface 15515.7.1 MAC-DATA.request 15715.7.2 MAC-DATA.indication 15715.7.3 MAC-DATA.confirm 15816 MAC frame formats 15816.1 Frame format conventions 15816.1.1 Figures 15816.1.2 Octet order
26、15916.1.3 Encoding 15916.2 General MAC frame format 15916.2.1 Frame control 16016.2.2 DestAddr 162- v -16.2.3 SrcAddr 16216.2.4 Sequence control 16216.2.5 Access information 16216.2.6 Frame payload 16316.2.7 FCS 16416.3 Beacon frames 16516.4 Control frames 16616.4.1 Immediate acknowledgement (Imm-AC
27、K) 16716.4.2 Block acknowledgement (B-ACK) 16716.4.3 Request to send (RTS) 16816.4.4 Clear to send (CTS) 16816.4.5 Unused DRP reservation announcement (UDA) 16816.4.6 Unused DRP reservation response (UDR) 16916.4.7 Application-specific 16916.5 Command frames 16916.5.1 DRP reservation request 17016.5
28、.2 DRP reservation response 17116.5.3 Probe 17116.5.4 Pairwise temporal key (PTK) 17116.5.5 Group temporal key (GTK) 17216.5.6 Range measurement 17316.5.7 Application-specific 17516.6 Data frames 17516.7 Aggregated data frames 17516.8 Information elements 17616.8.1 Application-specific IE (ASIE) 178
29、16.8.2 Application-specific probe IE 17816.8.3 Beacon period occupancy IE (BPOIE) 17816.8.4 BP switch IE 17916.8.5 Channel change IE 18016.8.6 Distributed reservation protocol (DRP) IE 18016.8.7 DRP availability IE 18216.8.8 Hibernation anchor IE 18216.8.9 Hibernation mode IE 18316.8.10 Identificati
30、on IE 18316.8.11 Link feedback IE 18516.8.12 MAC capabilities IE 18616.8.13 Master key identifier (MKID) IE 18716.8.14 Multicast address binding (MAB) IE 18716.8.15 PCA availability IE 18816.8.16 PHY capabilities IE 18916.8.17 Probe IE 19116.8.18 Regulatory Domain IE 19116.8.19 Relinquish request IE
31、 192- vi -16.8.20 Tone-nulling (TN) IE 19316.8.21 Traffic indication map (TIM) IE 19417 MAC sublayer functional description 19417.1 Frame processing 19517.1.1 Frame addresses 19517.1.2 Frame reception 19617.1.3 Frame transaction 19617.1.4 Frame transfer 19717.1.5 Frame retry 19717.1.6 Inter-frame sp
32、ace (IFS) 19717.1.7 Duplicate detection 19817.1.8 RTS/CTS use 19817.1.9 MAC header fields 19917.1.10 Information elements 20217.2 Beacon period 20517.2.1 Beacon slot state 20617.2.2 BP length 20617.2.3 Beacon transmission and reception 20717.2.4 Beacon slot collision detection 20817.2.5 BP contracti
33、on 20917.2.6 Merger of multiple BPs 21017.3 Prioritized contention access (PCA) 21317.3.1 PCA medium availability 21417.3.2 NAV 21417.3.3 Medium status 21417.3.4 PCA parameters 21417.3.5 Obtaining a TXOP 21517.3.6 Using a TXOP 21617.3.7 Invoking a backoff procedure 21717.3.8 Decrementing a backoff c
34、ounter 21917.4 Distributed reservation protocol (DRP) 21917.4.1 Reservation type 21917.4.2 Medium access 22117.4.3 DRP availability IE 22117.4.4 DRP reservation negotiation 22117.4.5 DRP reservation announcements 22317.4.6 Resolution of DRP reservation conflicts 22317.4.7 BPST realignment and existi
35、ng DRP reservations 22517.4.8 Modification and termination of existing DRP reservations 22517.4.9 Release of hard or private DRP reservation blocks 22617.4.10 Retransmit procedures in DRP reservations 22617.5 Synchronization of devices 22717.5.1 Clock accuracy 227- vii -17.5.2 Synchronization for de
36、vices in hibernation mode 22717.5.3 Guard times 22717.6 Fragmentation and reassembly 22917.7 Aggregation 23017.8 Acknowledgement policies 23017.8.1 No-ACK 23017.8.2 Immediate ACK 23017.8.3 Block ACK 23017.9 Probe 23217.10 Dynamic channel selection 23317.11 Multi-rate support 23317.12 Transmit power
37、control 23317.13 Power management mechanisms 23417.13.1 Power management modes 23417.13.2 Device power states 23417.13.3 Power state transitions 23417.13.4 Hibernation mode operation 23517.13.5 Hibernation anchor operation 23617.14 ASIE operation 23717.15 Range measurement operation 23717.16 MAC sub
38、layer parameters 24018 Security 24118.1 Security mechanisms 24218.1.1 Security operation 24218.1.2 4-way handshake 24218.1.3 Key transport 24218.1.4 Freshness protection 24318.1.5 Data encryption 24318.1.6 Frame integrity protection 24318.2 Security modes 24318.2.1 Security mode 0 24518.2.2 Security
39、 mode 1 24518.2.3 Security mode 2 24518.3 Temporal keys 24618.3.1 Mutual authentication and PTK derivation 24618.3.2 GTK exchange 24718.3.3 Pseudo-random function (PRF) definition 24818.3.4 PTK and KCK derivation 24918.3.5 PTK MIC generation 25018.3.6 Random number generation 25018.4 Frame reception
40、 steps and replay prevention measures 25018.4.1 Frame reception 25118.4.2 Replay prevention 251- viii -18.4.3 Implications on GTKs 25118.5 AES-128 CCM Inputs 25118.5.1 Overview 25218.5.2 Nonce 25218.5.3 CCM blocks 252Annex A (normative) MUX sublayer 255Annex B (normative) MAC policies 259Annex C (no
41、rmative) Specifier ID Assigned numbers 263Annex D (informative) MAC test vectors 265Annex E (informative) Example encoding of a PHY packet 277Annex F (informative) Recommended out-of-band emission limits 323Annex G (informative) Range measurement calculations 325Annex H (informative) Bibliography 32
42、9- 1 -1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a distributed medium access control (MAC) sublayer and aphysical layer (PHY) for wireless networks. 2 ConformanceConforming devices implement the MAC sublayer and the PHY layer as specified herein andsupport:1. Data rates of 53,3 Mb/s, 106,7 Mb/s, a
43、nd 200 Mb/s for transmitting and receiving;2. At least one of the band groups;3. Time-frequency codes using TFI, TFI2 and FFI.In addition, conforming devices may implement the MAC/PHY Interface as specified in ECMA-369.3 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for th
44、e application of this document. Fordated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.ECMA-369, MAC-PHY Interface for ECMA-368ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet C
45、oded Character Set(UCS)ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005, Information technology - Security techniques - Encryption algorithms - Part 3: Block ciphers 4 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. Forterms not defined in this Clause, please con
46、sult IEEE100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEEStandards Terms, Seventh Edition.4.1 access category (AC)label for the common set of prioritized contention access (PCA) parameters that are used bya device to contend for the medium in order to transmit MAC protocol data units (MPDUs)with certain pr
47、iorities4.2 beacon groupset of devices from which a device receives beacons that identify the same beacon periodstart time (BPST) as the device4.3 beacon period (BP)period of time declared by a device during which it sends or listens for beacons4.4 beacon period start time (BPST)start of the beacon
48、period4.5 channelmedium over which cooperating entities exchange information- 2 -4.6 data integrityassurance that the data has not been modified from its original form4.7 deviceentity containing an implementation of this Standard4.8 distributed reservation protocol (DRP)protocol implemented in each
49、device to support negotiation and maintenance of channel timereservations binding on all neighbours of the reservation participants4.9 extended beacon groupunion of a devices beacon group and the beacon groups of all devices in the devices beacongroup4.10 frameunit of data transmitted by a device4.11 frame protectionsecurity service provided for a frame, including (but not limited to) payload encryption,message authentication, and replay attack protection4.12 MAC Cliententity above the MAC sublayer that generates MAC service data units for delivery tocorresponding entities in
