1、BS EN 10228-4:2016Non-destructive testing of steelforgingsPart 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic andaustenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgingsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 10228-4:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of EN 10228-4:2016. It supersedes BS EN 10228-4:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
3、secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80532 5 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Compliance with a Britis
4、h Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 10228-4:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENN
5、E EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10228-4 June 2016 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Supersedes EN 10228-4:1999English Version Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings Essais non destructifs des pices forges en acier - Partie 4:
6、 Contrle par ultrasons des pices forges en aciers inoxydables austnitiques et austno-ferritiquesZerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schmiedestcken aus Stahl - Teil 4: Ultraschallprfung von Schmiedestcken aus austenitischem und austenitisch-ferritischem nichtrostendem Stahl This European Standard was approved
7、 by CEN on 3 October 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national sta
8、ndards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
9、notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
10、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC
11、Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10228-4:2016 EBS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5
12、3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Mandatory information 6 5 Test procedure . 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Form . 6 5.3 Content 7 6 Personnel qualification . 7 7 Equipment and accessories . 7 7.1 Instrument . 7 7.2 Probes 7 7.2.1 General 7 7.2.2 Contouring . 8 7.2.3 Nominal frequency . 8 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes
13、. 8 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes . 8 7.2.6 Dual-element probes . 8 7.3 Calibration blocks . 8 7.4 Reference blocks . 8 7.5 Couplant 8 8 Routine calibration and checking . 9 9 Stage of manufacture . 9 10 Surface condition 9 10.1 General 9 10.2 Surface finish related to quality class 9 10.3 As-forged surfa
14、ce condition 9 11 Test sensitivity 10 11.1 General . 10 11.2 Normal-beam probes 10 11.3 Angle-beam probes 10 11.4 Repeat testing 10 12 Scanning 10 12.1 General . 10 12.2 Complex forgings 11 12.3 Grid scanning coverage 11 12.4 100 % scanning coverage 11 12.5 Scanning speed 11 13 Classification 14 13.
15、1 Classification of indications . 14 13.2 Classification of discontinuities 16 BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 3 14 Recording levels and acceptance criteria 19 15 Sizing . 20 16 Test report 21 Annex A (informative) Maximum testable depth for corresponding beam path range for circumferential an
16、gle-beam scans . 22 Annex B (informative) Amplitude of indication in dB relative to % DAC 24 Annex C (informative) Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-4:1999 . 25 BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 10228-4:2016) has been prepared by Technica
17、l Committee ECISS/TC 111 “Steel castings and forgings”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016 and conflicting national standards
18、shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10228-4
19、:1999. Annex C provides the significant technical changes to the previous version EN 10228-4:1999. EN 10228 consists of the following parts under the general title Non-destructive testing of steel forgings: Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection; Part 2: Penetrant testing; Part 3: Ultrasonic testing o
20、f ferritic or martensitic steel forgings; Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austr
21、ia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
22、, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes techniques for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. Mechanized scanning techniques,
23、such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex
24、shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: closed die forgings; turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are norma
25、tively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-1, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 1: Lis
26、t of general terms EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and
27、verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 2: Probes EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment EN ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block N
28、o. 1 (ISO 2400) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712) EN ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO 16811) EN ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and
29、sizing of discontinuities (ISO 16827) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-4 apply. BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 6 4 Mandatory information The following aspects concerning ultrasonic testing shall be agreed betwe
30、en the purchaser and supplier at the time of the enquiry or order: a) the manufacturing stage(s) at which ultrasonic testing shall be performed (see Clause 9); b) the volume(s) to be tested and whether grid scanning coverage or 100 % scanning coverage is required (see Clause 12); c) whether near sur
31、face testing is required (see 7.2.6); d) the quality class required, or the quality classes and the zones to which they apply (see Clause 14); e) the applicable recording/acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 5, Table 6 or Table 7; f) whether any special scanning coverage, eq
32、uipment or couplant is required in addition to that detailed in Clauses 7 and 12; g) the scanning technique to be used if not manual (see Clause 1); h) the sizing techniques to be used for extended discontinuities (see Clause 15); i) the technique(s) to be used for setting sensitivity (see Clause 11
33、); j) whether the test shall be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his representative; k) whether a written procedure shall be submitted for approval by the purchaser (see Clause 5); l) whether testing by angle-beam probes is required (see 11.3); m) the remaining test requirements for com
34、plex forgings (type 4) (see 12.2). 5 Test procedure 5.1 General Ultrasonic testing shall be performed in accordance with a written test procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order, the written test procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to the test. 5.2 Form The writ
35、ten test procedure shall be one of the following: a) a product specification; b) a test procedure written specifically for the application; c) this part of EN 10228 may be used if it is accompanied by examination details specific to the application. BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 7 5.3 Conten
36、t The written test procedure shall contain the following details as minimum requirements: a) description of the forgings to be tested; b) reference documents; c) qualification of testing operator; d) stage of manufacture at which the test is carried out; e) testing zones specified in terms of the ap
37、plicable quality classes; f) preparation of scanning surfaces; g) couplant; h) description of the test equipment; i) calibration and checking of the test equipment; j) scanning plan; k) description and sequence of testing operations; l) recording levels; m) characterization of discontinuities; n) ac
38、ceptance criteria; o) test report. 6 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements detailed in EN ISO 9712. 7 Equipment and accessories 7.1 Instrument The ultrasonic instrument shall feature A-scan presentation and shall conform to EN 12668-1. 7.2 Probes 7.
39、2.1 General Probes used for the initial detection of discontinuities shall conform to EN 12668-2. Where supplementary probes are used for purposes other than the initial detection of discontinuities, they need not conform to EN 12668-2. BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 8 7.2.2 Contouring When r
40、equired, probes shall be contoured in accordance with EN ISO 16811. 7.2.3 Nominal frequency Probes shall have a nominal frequency in the range from 0,5 MHz to 6 MHz. 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes Effective transducer diameter shall be in the range from 10 mm to 40 mm. 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes For the tran
41、sverse waves, the angle-beam probes shall be in the range from 35 to 70. Effective transducer area shall be in the range from 20 mm2to 625 mm2. 7.2.6 Dual-element probes If near-surface testing is required, then dual-element probes shall be used. 7.3 Calibration blocks Calibration blocks shall confo
42、rm to the requirements detailed in EN ISO 2400. 7.4 Reference blocks Reference blocks shall be used when sensitivity shall be established by the distance-amplitude curve (DAC) technique and/or when discontinuities shall be sized in terms of amplitude relative to reference reflectors by the DAC techn
43、ique. The surface condition of the reference block shall be representative of the surface condition of the object to be tested. Unless otherwise specified the reference block shall contain at least three reflectors covering the entire depth range being tested. The reference block shall be manufactur
44、ed from one of the following: a) an excess length of the object to be tested; b) a part of the same material and with the same heat treatment condition as the object to be tested; c) a part having similar acoustic properties to the object to be tested. The choice of a test block with similar acousti
45、c properties should be to the appreciation of a Level 2 qualified person. Reference blocks shall not be used for the distance-gain-size (DGS) technique other than for checking the accuracy of a particular DGS diagram. Reflector sizes different from those detailed in Tables 5 and 6 may be used as lon
46、g as the test sensitivity is corrected accordingly. 7.5 Couplant The same type of couplant shall be used for the setting of range and sensitivity, for scanning and for the assessment of discontinuities. NOTE Examples of suitable couplants are: water (with or without corrosion inhibitor or softener),
47、 grease, oil, glycerol and water cellulose paste. BS EN 10228-4:2016EN 10228-4:2016 (E) 9 After the test, couplant shall be removed if its presence could adversely affect later manufacturing or testing operations or the integrity of the test object. 8 Routine calibration and checking The combined eq
48、uipment (instrument and probes) shall be calibrated and checked in accordance with the requirements detailed in EN 12668-3. 9 Stage of manufacture Ultrasonic testing shall be performed after the final heat treatment unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry or order (see Clause 4), e.g. at the
49、latest possible stage of manufacture for areas of the forging which are not practicable to test after the final heat treatment. For both cylindrical and rectangular forgings, which shall be bored, it is recommended to carry out ultrasonic testing before boring. 10 Surface condition 10.1 General Surfaces to be scanned shall be free from paint, non-adhering scale, dry couplant, surface irregularities or any other substance which could reduce coupling efficiency, hinder the free movement of the probe or cause errors in interpretation. 10.2 Surface finish rel
