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2、coatings Part 6: Determination of the abrasionresistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear testICS 17.040.20; 25.220.99; 81.060.30Advanced technicalceramics Methods otest for ceramicBRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1071-6:2007Incorporating corrigendum March 2010BS EN 1071-6:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO
3、/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on 31 December 2007 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 61962 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 March 2010 Incorp
4、orating CEN correction notice 30 January 2008contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1071-6:2007. It supersedes DD ENV 1071-6:200
5、2 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi
6、sions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1071-6November 2007ICS 81.060.30; 25.220.99; 17.040.20 Supersedes ENV 1071-6:2002 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramiccoatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance ofcoatings by a micro-abr
7、asion wear testCramiques techniques avances - Mthodes dessai pourrevtements cramiques - Partie 6 : Dtermination de larsistance labrasion des revtements par essai de micro-usureHochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prfung keramischerSchichten - Teil 6: Bestimmung der Bestndigkeit gegenAbriebverschlei
8、von Schichten mittels MikroabriebprfungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. U
9、p-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationund
10、er the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hu
11、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
12、rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1071-6:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 2 Contents P
13、age Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions. 4 4 Significance and use 4 5 Principle . 5 6 Apparatus and materials 5 6.1 Test system . 5 6.2 Test balls 7 6.3 Test slurry 7 6.4 Measurement of crater dimensions 8 7 Preparation of test pieces 8 8 Test procedure 9 8.1 Dif
14、ferent types of test . 9 8.2 Test Type A: No perforation of coating 9 8.3 Test Type B: Perforation of coating 11 9 Analysis of results 13 9.1 Test Type A: no perforation of coating. 13 9.2 Test Type B: perforation of coating 13 10 Test reproducibility, repeatability and limits . 15 10.1 Reproducibil
15、ity and repeatability 15 10.2 Limits 16 11 Test report . 18 Annex A (normative) Measurement of coating thickness 19 Bibliography . 20 BS EN 1071-6:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 10
16、71-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and
17、 conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This doc
18、ument supersedes ENV 1071-6:2002. EN 1071 Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings was prepared in 11 Parts: Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe profilometer Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method Part 3: Determinati
19、on of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test Part 4: Determination of chemical composition by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part 5: Determination of porosity Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test Part 7: Determination
20、of hardness and Youngs modulus by instrumented indentation testing Part 8: Rockwell indentation test for evaluation of adhesion Part 9: Determination of fracture strain Part 10: Determination of coating thickness by cross sectioning Part 11: Determination of internal stress by the Stoney formula Par
21、t 5, a European pre-standard, was withdrawn in 2007. Part 7, a Technical Specification, was withdrawn in 2007, following publication of EN ISO 14577-4. At the time of publication of this document, Parts 8 to 11 were Technical Specifications. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nat
22、ional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
23、 Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.The CEN correction notice 30 January 2008 provided a revised English language text incorporating the following editorial corrections:In 6.3, replace 100cm with 100cm BS EN 1071-6:2007-3 3Licensed Copy:
24、Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of EN 1071 specifies a method for measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-scale abrasion wear test, based on the well known crater grinding tech
25、nique used for film thickness determination (see EN 1071-2). This method can provide data on both film and substrate wear rates, either by performing two separate tests or by careful analysis of data from a single test series. The test method can be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfa
26、ces but the analysis described in clause 9 applies only to flat samples. For non-planar samples, a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods, is required. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
27、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 3290, Rolling beari
28、ngs Balls Dimensions and tolerances 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following term and definition applies. 3.1 abrasive wear rate, K abrasive wear coefficient volume of material removed in unit sliding distance under a normal contact load of 1 N 4 Significance
29、 and use Although few protective coatings are subject to single wear processes, the abrasive wear resistance of such coatings can play a decisive role in their performance. Hence knowledge of the abrasive wear resistance of ceramic coatings can help in the proper selection of coatings for applicatio
30、ns where abrasion plays a major role in their degradation. Although techniques exist to measure the abrasive wear behaviour of bulk materials and thick films (see 1 3), these techniques are not easily applied to thin films and are difficult to interpret when used on curved surfaces. The purpose of t
31、his European Standard is to provide a method for measuring the abrasion resistance of both thin and thick coatings and of bulk materials. The test can be performed on flat surfaces or surfaces with a known radius of curvature, and requires only a few mm2of sample. However, the analysis described in
32、clause 9 applies only to flat samples, and is applicable to homogeneous single layer coatings only; errors may occur if the test is used on in-homogeneous coatings. 4 and 5 give details of analytical treatments for determining the wear rate for coatings on curved surfaces. By proper treatment of the
33、 results, as indicated in 9.2, where the test produces penetration of the coating it can provide abrasive wear coefficients for both the coating and substrate from a single test series. BS EN 1071-6:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) B
34、SIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 5 Although the test is designed to enable quantitative measurement of abrasive wear coefficients, it can be adapted as a quality control test for use on real components. 5 Principle In the test, a ball is rotated while being pressed against the sample and an abrasive slurry is f
35、ed into the contact zone. A spherical depression is produced and the size of this depression is measured. Where perforation of the coating has not occurred, the wear rate of the coating can be obtained from a single crater. When perforation of the coating occurs, by making a series of such craters a
36、nd measuring their dimensions, the wear rate of both the coating and the substrate can be calculated. 6 Apparatus and materials 6.1 Test system A ball that can be rotated and pressed against the coated sample shall be used. Two variants of the ball system are shown in Figure 1, where either the samp
37、le, mounted on a dead-weight loaded lever, is pressed against a directly driven ball, or the balls own weight presses it against the sample. NOTE The results obtained with free-ball systems 6 (see Figure 1a) - can vary depending on the precise system geometry. In particular, it has been found that t
38、he tilt angle of the sample holder and the width of the groove in the drive shaft that supports the ball can have an important influence on the results. A tilt angle of 60 to 75 and a shaft groove width of 10 mm have been found to result in the smallest variability under typical conditions 6. The te
39、st system shall be constructed so that the rotational speed of the ball remains constant throughout any test and is reproducible to better than +/-10 % of the nominal value between tests. The drive shaft shall have a total run-out of less than 20 m at its points of contact with the ball. BS EN 1071-
40、6:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 6 (a)(b)12 45343125Key for a) 1 ball 2 sample 3 drive shaft 4 sample support 5 load cell Key for b) 1 ball 2 sample 3 weight 4 pivot point 5 lever Figure 1 Two different types
41、of a ball cratering system: a) free-ball, b) fixed-ball BS EN 1071-6:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 12/07/2010 07:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1071-6:2007 (E) 7 6.2 Test balls The balls used are typically 25 mm diameter hardened steel, e.g. UNS G52986 (SAE52100, 7) an
42、d shall, prior to any conditioning, conform to the requirements of ISO 3290. NOTE 1 Balls can be used in a polished condition but it has been found 8 that the test behaviour is erratic and poor results are obtained if balls are used without conditioning. The recommended conditioning treatment consis
43、ts of running the new test ball for at least 300 revolutions on a non-critical part of the sample, or other suitable surface, under normal test conditions and repeating this for at least 5 different orientations of the ball before starting the test programme. NOTE 2 A flat, ground steel coupon with
44、a hardness of between 200 and 800 HV 30 has been found to be suitable for conditioning the ball. NOTE 3 Following conditioning, balls have been found to be usable for around 50 individual craters, depending on the precise conditions used. The performance of balls shall be subject to regular performa
45、nce checks to ensure that they continue to produce acceptable craters. Balls shall be replaced if such a check indicates any abnormal cratering behaviour. NOTE 4 Performance checks can be made using any representative test piece, such as hardened and tempered high speed steel, or a well characterize
46、d titanium nitride or other coating deposited on a stable substrate material. 6.3 Test slurry In all cases, a slurry of silicon carbide (SiC) or other suitable abrasive in a suitable liquid, normally water, shall be used. Other liquids may be used where their use is suggested by matching conditions
47、to a particular application. In this respect the wetting properties and viscosity of the fluid are important parameters to consider. NOTE 1 The abrasive is normally F1200 SiC, but F1200 alumina or other fine abrasive can be used. The average size of the abrasive should not exceed 5m. The use of diff
48、erent abrasive media will produce different wear rates, and only results produced from craters under identical conditions should be compared. A homogeneous slurry shall be used throughout the test. This can be done by stirring the slurry continuously, or by adding stabilizers. NOTE 2 If testing is t
49、o be on coatings deposited onto steel substrates that are susceptible to corrosion, it is recommended that sodium nitrite (NaNO2) should be added to the slurry at the rate of 1 g for each 100 cm3of water to prevent corrosion of craters before they can be measured. An abrasive slurry shall be made from the abrasive powder and the chosen liquid in the required proportions. As the mode of wear that is observed can depend critically on the concentration of the abrasive slurry, two concentrations are recommended. These are: 1) Dilut
