1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13597:2003 Railway applications Rubber suspension components Rubber diaphragms for pneumatic suspension springs The European Standard EN 13597:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 21.160; 45.060.01 BS EN 13597:2003 This British Standard was published under the authori
2、ty of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 February 2003 BSI 12 February 2003 ISBN 0 580 41251 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13597:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RAE/3, Railway
3、 rolling stock material, to Subcommittee RAE/3/-/4, Suspension components, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publicati
4、ons referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
5、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpr
6、etation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 59 and a back cover. The BSI copyr
7、ight date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13597 February2003 ICS21.160;45.060.01 Englishversion RailwayapplicationsRubbersuspensioncomponentsRubber diaph
8、ragmsforpneumaticsuspensionsprings ApplicationsferroviairesPicesdesuspensionbase dlastomreMembranesbasedlastomrepour ressortspneumatiquesdesuspension BahnanwendungenFederungselementeausElastomer MembranenausElastomerfrpneumatischeTragfedern ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon21November2002. CENme
9、mbersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmemb
10、er. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belg
11、ium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeS
12、tassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13597:2003EEN13597:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normativereferences 6 3 Terms,definitions,symbolsandabbreviations . 7 3.1 Termsanddefinition
13、s. .7 3.2 Symbolsandabbreviations . .8 3.3 Threedimensionaldefinitionofcharacteristics. 14 4 Definitiondocuments 15 4.1 General15 4.2 Documentstobeprovidedbythecustomer .15 4.3 Documentstobeprovidedbythesupplier .16 5 Conditionsofutilisation. .16 5.1 General16 5.2 Climaticandatmosphericconditions. .
14、16 5.3 Environmentalconditions .16 5.4 Mechanicalconditions . .16 6 Definitionoftheproduct . 17 6.1 General17 6.2 Resistancetooperatingconditions .19 6.2.1 Lowtemperature . .19 6.2.2 Ozone 19 6.2.3 Oilandpetroleumproduct . .19 6.2.4 Cleaningproduct 19 6.2.5 Abrasion19 6.2.6 Firebehaviour 19 6.2.7 Ot
15、herconditions 20 6.3 Physicalcharacteristics 20 6.3.1 Appearanceofdiaphragmsinnewcondition. 20 6.3.2 Appearanceofdiaphragmsunderextremehorizontaldeformations 20 6.3.3 Adherencebetweenplies. .20 6.3.4 Pressureresistance. 20 6.3.5 Airtightness. 20 6.3.6 Fatigueresistance .20 6.3.7 Burstresistance .21
16、6.4 Geometricalanddimensionalcharacteristics . .21 6.4.1 Spaceenvelope 21 6.4.2 Overalldimensionsofnewdiaphragms 21 6.4.3 Overalldimensionsofgrowndiaphragms 21 6.5 Functionalcharacteristics 22 6.5.1 Stiffnessesofdiaphragms. .22 6.5.2 Characteristic“internalpressureversusaxialstaticforce“ .27 6.5.3 A
17、xialisobarcharacteristic . .28 7 Inspectionandtestmethods . .29 7.1 General29 7.1.1 Generaltestconditions . 29 7.1.2 Instrumentation30 7.1.3 Definitionandpreparationoftestpieces . .30EN13597:2003(E) 3 7.2 Verificationoftheresistancetooperatingconditions 30 7.2.1 Lowtemperature. .30 7.2.2 Ozone 30 7.
18、2.3 Oilandpetroleumproduct. .31 7.2.4 Cleaningproduct .31 7.2.5 Abrasion .31 7.2.6 Firebehaviour 32 7.3 Verificationofphysicalcharacteristics .32 7.3.1 Appearanceofdiaphragmsinnewcondition. 32 7.3.2 Appearanceofdiaphragmsunderextremehorizontaldeformations 32 7.3.3 Adherencebetweenplies. .32 7.3.4 Pr
19、essureresistance. 32 7.3.5 Airtightness. 33 7.3.6 Fatigueresistance .34 7.3.7 Burstresistance .34 7.4 Verificationofgeometricalanddimensionalcharacteristics . 34 7.4.1 Overalldimensionsofdiaphragmsinrelationtoaxialstaticforce 34 7.4.2 Overalldimensionsofdiaphragmsinrelationtoradialdeformation 35 7.4
20、.3 Overalldimensionsofdiaphragmsinrelationtoaxialdeformation 35 7.5 Verificationoffunctionalcharacteristics 36 7.5.1 Stiffnesses36 7.5.2 Characteristic“internalpressureversusaxialstaticforce“ .44 7.5.3 Axialisobarcharacteristic . .45 8 Marking .46 9 Traceability.47 10 Supplierproductionplanqualifica
21、tion. .47 11 Approvalandqualificationoftheproduct 47 11.1 Approval .47 11.2 Qualification .47 11.2.1 General47 11.2.2 Testpieces .47 11.2.3 Qualificationprocedure .48 11.2.4 Validityoftheproductqualification .48 12 Inspectionandqualitysurveillance .48 AnnexA (informative) Typesofdiaphragms.4 9 A.1 O
22、bject49 A.2 Illustrationoftypicaldiaphragminstallations . .49 AnnexB (normative) Testpiecestakenfromdiaphragms 51 B.1 Object51 B.2 Preparationoftestpieces .51 B.3 Definitionofzonesfortakingtestpiecesondiaphragms .51 AnnexC (informative) Exampleoffatiguetestprogramme.53 C.1 Object53 C.2 Testmethod. .
23、53 AnnexD (normative) Qualificationprocedure.5 6 D.1 Object56 D.2 Qualificationprocedure. 56 AnnexE (informative) Recommendedtolerancestocharacteristicsofdiaphragms .58 E.1 Object58 E.2 Toleranceclasses. .58 Bibliography 59EN13597:2003(E) 4 Foreword Thisdocument(EN13597:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnic
24、alCommitteeCEN/TC256“Railwayapplications“, thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyAugust2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby August2003. Thisdocument
25、hasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation: CouncilDirective96/48/EECof23July1996oninteroperabilityoftheEuropeanhighspeedtrainnetwork 1) ; CouncilDirective93/38/EECof14June1993coordinatingtheprocurementproceduresofentitiesoperatingin thewater,ene
26、rgy,transportandtelecommunicationssectors 2) ; CouncilDirective91/440/EECof29July1991onthedevelopmentofthecommunitysrailways. 3) TheannexesBandDarenormative. TheannexesAandCandEareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesarebo
27、undtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. 1) OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNL235of17.09.96 2) Offic
28、ialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNL199of09.08.93 3) OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNL237of24.08.91EN13597:2003(E) 5 Introduction Designingasuspensiondiaphragmrequiresknowledgeofthemechanicalsystemofwhichitformspart.Specific characteristicsarethereforeneededforeachcase,whichonlythecustomerca
29、nspecify. TherequirementsoftheEuropeanStandardshouldoperateinconjunctionwiththeconditionsforthesupplyofair springsuspensiondiaphragms. ThisEuropeanStandardistheresultofstudiesandresearchtoimprovetheperformancesandqualityofrubber diaphragmsforpneumaticsuspensionspringsinordertomeettherequirementsofra
30、ilwayrollingstock. ThisEuropeanStandardisdesignedfortherailwayoperators,themanufacturersandequipmentsuppliersofthe railwayindustryaswellasforthesuppliersofrubberdiaphragmsforpneumaticsuspensionssprings.EN13597:2003(E) 6 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifies: characteristicsthatsuspensiondiaphragmsach
31、ieves,togetherwithapplicableinspectionandtestmethodsto becarriedoutforverification; approvalproceduretobeimplementedbythecustomer; guidelinesforqualificationoftheproductwithspecifiedrequirements; qualitymonitoringofdiaphragmsinmanufacture; supply requirements. ThisEuropeanStandardappliestosuspension
32、diaphragmsdesignedtobefittedonrailwayvehiclesandsimilar vehiclesrunningondedicatedtrackswithpermanentguidesystems,whateverthetypeofrailandtherunning surface. TheEuropeanStandarddoesnotdetailtheothercomponentsofpneumaticsuspensionassembliesorcontrol systemssuchasairreservoirs,frames,stiffeners,emerge
33、ncysuspensionsystemsorelasticsupports(suchas seriessprings),etc.,whichwillaffectthediaphragmperformance. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublications
34、arelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN45020, Standardizationandrelatedact
35、ivitiesGeneralvocabulary(ISO/IECGuide2:1996). ISO311, QuantitiesandunitsPart1:Spaceandtime. ISO313, QuantitiesandunitsPart3:Mechanics. ISO36, Rubber,vulcanizedorthermoplasticDeterminationofadhesiontotextilefabric. ISO48, Rubber,vulcanizedorthermoplasticDeterminationofhardness(hardnessbetween10IRHDan
36、d100 IRHD 4) ). ISO471, RubberTemperatures,humiditiesandtimesforconditioningandtesting. ISO1382, RubberVocabulary. ISO14312,Rubber, vulcanizedorthermoplasticResistancetoozonecrackingPart2:Dynamicstraintest. ISO1817, Rubber,vulcanizedDeterminationoftheeffectofliquids. ISO2781, Rubber,vulcanizedDeterm
37、inationofdensity. 4) IRHD:InternationalRubberHardnessDegreesEN13597:2003(E) 7 ISO2921,Rubber,vulcanizedDeterminationoflowtemperaturecharacteristicsTemperatureRetraction procedure(TRtest). ISO4649, Rubber,vulcanizedorthermoplasticDeterminationofabrasionresistanceusingarotatingcylindrical drumdevice.
38、ISO102091,TechnicalproductdocumentationVocabularyPart1:Termsrelatingtotechnicaldrawings: generalandtypesofdrawings. 3 Terms,definitions,symbolsandabbreviations 3.1 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thetermsanddefinitionsinISO1382togetherwiththefollowing apply. 3.1.1 bead endfe
39、atureofthediaphragmwhichenablesittobesecuredandsealedtothesurroundingstructure NOTE Adiaphragmhastwobeads. 3.1.2 beadcore reinforcingcore,vulcanizedinatbothendsofthecarcass NOTE Itassurespermanentseatingonaconicalorotherspecificallyshapedmountingpart. 3.1.3 carcass structureofreinforcingmaterial,typ
40、icallyconsistingofheavydutyfabricpliesarrangedcrosswise,embeddedinthe elastomerforflexibleforcetransmission 3.1.4 diaphragm theterm“diaphragm“hereinappliestothefinishedproduct,comprisingofcarcassandbeadsforuseaspartof pneumaticsuspensionsystem NOTE DifferenttypesofdiaphragmsareillustratedinannexA. 3
41、.1.4.1 newdiaphragm diaphragminnewconditionandneveryetused 3.1.4.2 growndiaphragm diaphragmwhichhasbeeninuseand,asaresult,haschangeddimensionally 3.1.5 ply layertypicallymadeupofrubberizedfabricEN13597:2003(E) 8 Key 1Bead cores 2Beads 3 Innerlayerofrubber 4Carcass 5Ply 6 Outerlayerofrubber 7Rubberiz
42、ed fabric Figure1Differentpartsofadiaphragm 3.2 Symbolsandabbreviations Themajorityofthesymbols,usedinthisstandardanddefinedinthissubclause,areinaccordancewithISO311 andISO313. DecimalmultiplesandsubmultiplesofunitsdefinedinTable1canbeused.EN13597:2003(E) 9 Table1 Symbolsandabbreviations Symbol Abbr
43、eviation Unit Explanation A e m 2 Effectiveareaofthediaphragm,with: A e = F/ p D A e / D d:Variationoftheeffectiveareainfunctionofaxialdisplacement. D A e / D d=( F (j+1) F j )/ p)/( d (j+1) d j ) a morrad Amplitudeofthemovement,with a= D d/2or a= D Q /2. Key 1 Displacement( dor Q ) 2 Time( t) 3 d(
44、t)or Q ( t) 4 D dor D Q Figure2Amplitudedefinition D m Outerdiameterofdiaphragm(seeFigures5,A.1,A.2,A.3andA.4),with: D pj :Outerdiameterofdiaphragmforagiveninternalpressure(seeexplanation symbol p). d m Lineardisplacement,with: d M : Maximumoperationaldisplacement; D d: Differencebetweenpeakmovementsmeasuredonthe“forceversuslinear displac
