1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1389:2003 Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Physical properties Determination of density and apparent porosity The European Standard EN 1389:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.060.30 BS EN 1389:2003 This British Standard was published under the autho
2、rity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 11 February 2004 BSI 11 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 43382 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1389:2003. It supersedes DD ENV 1389:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation
3、 was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications
4、 referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
5、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpreta
6、tion, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright
7、 notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN1389 December2003 ICS81.060.30 SupersedesENV1389:1994 Englishversion AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccompositesPh
8、ysical propertiesDeterminationofdensityandapparentporosity CramiquestechniquesavancesCramiques compositesPropritsphysiquesDterminationdela massevolumiqueetdelaporositapparente HochleistungskeramikKeramischeVerbundwerkstoffe PhysikalischeEigenschaftenBestimmungderDichteund scheinbarenPorositt ThisEur
9、opeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon3November2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtai
10、nedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CE
11、NmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION
12、EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN1389:2003EEN1389:2003(E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normativereferences . 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. 4 4 Test
13、specimens . 5 4.1 General. 5 4.2 Sampling 5 4.3 Number. 5 4.4 Conditioningandtestingatmospheres 5 5 MethodA 5 5.1 Principle. 5 5.2 Apparatus 5 5.3 Testspecimen . 5 5.4 Procedure 6 5.5 Results . 6 6 MethodB 6 6.1 Principle. 6 6.2 Apparatusandreagents . 6 6.3 Procedure 7 6.4 Determinationofthedensityo
14、ftheimmersionliquid. 8 6.5 Calculationofresults . 8 7 Testreport . 8EN1389:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN1389:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184“Advancedtechnial ceramics”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublic
15、ationofanidentical textorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnat thelatestbyJune2004. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV1389:1994. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropea
16、nStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark, Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands, Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN1389:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandarddescribestwomethodsfordeterminationofthebulkdens
17、ityandopenporosityof ceramicmatrixcompositeswithfibrousreinforcement. TwomethodsaredescribedandaredesignatedasMethodsAandB,asfollows: methodA:determinationofbulkdensityonlybymeasurementofdimensionsandmass; methodB:determinationofbulkdensityandopenporositybyliquiddisplacement. NOTE MethodBisnotsuitab
18、leforthedeterminationoftheopenporosityformaterialswhichareknowntohavean averageporesizeofgreaterthan200m. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporates,bydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications. Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublication
19、sarelisted hereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplyto thisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthe latesteditionofthepublicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV13233:1998, Advancedtechnicalcera
20、micsCeramiccompositesNotationsandsymbols. ENISO291, PlasticsStandardatmospheresforconditioningandtesting(ISO291:1997). ENISO1675, PlasticsLiquidresinsDeterminationofdensitybythepyknometermethod(ISO1675:1985) . ISO758, LiquidchemicalproductsforindustrialuseDeterminationofdensityat20C . ISO3611, Micro
21、metercallipersforexternalmeasurement . 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninENV13233:1998andthe followingapply. 3.1 openpores poresthatarepenetratedbyanimmersionliquidinvacuum,orthatareconnectedwiththeatmosphere,either directlyorviaonetoanother 3.2
22、closedpores poresthatarenotpenetratedbytheimmersionliquid,orthatarenotconnectedwiththeatmosphere 3.3 openporosity p a ratioofthetotalvolumeoftheopenporesinaporousbodytoitsbulkvolume 3.4 bulkvolume, V b sumofthevolumesofthesolidmaterial,theopenporesandtheclosedporesinaporousbodyEN1389:2003(E) 5 3.5 b
23、ulkdensity rr b ratioofthemassofthedrymaterialofaporousbodytoitsbulkvolume 4 Testspecimens 4.1General Thechoiceofspecimengeometrydependsonthenatureofmaterialandreinforcementstructure.Themass ofthetestspecimenshallbegreaterthan2gandeachdimensionshallbegreaterthan3mm,withthe volumegreaterthan1cm 3 (se
24、e4.3). 4.2Sampling Thesamplingmethodshallbeagreedbetweenpurchaserandmanufacturer. 4.3Number Atleastfivetestspecimensshallbetakenfromeachsample. NOTE ParticularrequirementsforMethodAaregivenin5.3. 4.4Conditioningandtestingatmospheres Thetestspecimensshallbeconditionedinastandardtestingatmosphereinacc
25、ordancewithENISO291. Duringtesting,theapparatusandtestspecimensshallbemaintainedatconstanttemperature,preferablyat (232)Cand(505)%relativehumidity. 5Method A 5.1Principle Atestspecimenofuniformgeometryisdriedandweighed.Itsvolumeisdeterminedbymeasurementofthe appropriatedimensions.Thedensityiscalcula
26、tedasmassperunitvolume. 5.2Apparatus 5.2.1 Balance,withaccuracyof0,1mg. 5.2.2 Dimensionmeasuringdevices,usedformeasuringlineardimensionsofthetestspecimen.The devicesshallbeaccurateto 0,05mm.MicrometersshallbeinaccordancewithISO3611. 5.2.3 Dryingoven ,capableofmaintainingatemperatureof(1105)C. 5.2.4
27、Desiccator,forstorageoftestspecimens. 5.3Testspecimen Theshapeoftestspecimensshallbesuchthatthevolumecanbecalculatedfromtheexternaldimensions, suchasrectangularparallelepipedsandrightcylinders,discsorrods.Testspecimenswhichdonothave uniformdimensionsandprincipalaxesorthogonaltowithin1shallbegroundto
28、achievesuchconditions.EN1389:2003(E) 6 Theplanparallelismofthefacesusedtodeterminetheexternaldimensionsshallbebetterthanorequalto 0,05. 5.4Procedure Drythetestspecimensintheovenat(1105)Ctoconstantmass,i.e.untiltwosuccessiveweighingsmade beforeandafteratleast2hinthedryingovendonotdifferbymorethan0,03
29、%,transferthemtoadesiccator andallowtocooltoroomtemperature.Recordthemassofeachtestspecimeninambientair,assoonas possibleafterremovalfromthedesiccator. Usingtheselectedmeasuringdevice,measurethedimensionsofeachtestspecimeninatleastthree positionsforeachdirection.e.g.length,widthandheightforparalleli
30、pipedaltestspecimenorlengthsand diameterforacylindricaltestspecimen.Thevalueofeachdimensionisthearithmeticmeanofthe3 measurements. 5.5Results Calculatethebulkvolumeofeachtestspecimenfromitsmeandimensions.Thebulkdensity r b isgivenby themassdividedbythevolume.Expresstheresultinkg.m 3 oring.cm 3 . b V
31、 m = r where m isthetestspecimenmass,expressedinkilogramoringram; V b isthebulkvolumeoftestspecimen,expressedincubicmetreorcubiccentimetre. Thevalueofbulkdensityisexpressedwithamaximumoftwosignificantdigits. 6Method B 6.1Principle Themassofthetestspecimenisdeterminedbyweighinginthefollowingcondition
32、s: (1) drytestspecimeninair; (2) testspecimenimmersedinaliquidwhichithasbeenimpregnatedundervacuum; (3) testspecimeninairwhilestillimpregnatedwiththeliquid. Fromthesevaluesitsbulkdensityandopenporosityaredeterminedbycalculation. 6.2Apparatusandreagents 6.2.1 Dryingoven ,capableofmaintainingatemperat
33、ureof(1105)C. 6.2.2 Balance,withanaccuracyof0,1mg. 6.2.3 Degreasedmetalwire ,ofdiameternotmorethan0,15mmorcradle(glassorstainlesssteelwith holes),tocontaintestspecimenandabletobeeasilyimmersedintheliquid.EN1389:2003(E) 7 6.2.4 Evacuatingequipment,capableofreducingthepressuretoavaluelessthan2500Pa(25
34、mbar) andameansofmeasuringthepressureused. 6.2.5 Thermometer,capableofmeasuringto0,1C. 6.2.6 Glassbeaker ,ofasizeallowingadequateclearanceofitswallsbythetestspecimen. 6.2.7 Desiccator,forstorageoftestspecimens. 6.2.8 Manometer. 6.2.9 Absorbentclothortissuepaper. 6.2.10 Immersionliquid ,whichmaybeeit
35、her: a) colddistilledwater,containingadilutesolutionofasurfaceactiveagent(concentrationnotmore than0,01%); b) anorganicliquid,whichshallbeusedformaterialsthataresensitivetocontactwithwater. 6.3Procedure 6.3.1 Determinationofthemassofthedrytestspecimen Drythetestspecimenintheovenat(1105)Ctoconstantma
36、ss,afteratleast2hinthedryingoven. Beforeeachweighing,placethetestspecimeninthedesiccator,untilitiscooledtoroomtemperature,and weighitasquicklyaspossibleafterremovalfromthedesiccator.Themassthusdeterminedisthemassofthe drytestspecimen(m 1 ). 6.3.2 Determinationoftheapparentmassoftheimmersedtestspecim
37、en Placethecooledanddriedtestspecimeninanairtightvessel.Sealthevesselandevacuateituntilapressure oflessthan2500Paisattained;maintainthisvacuumforatleast15min. Inordertoensurethatalltheairhasbeenremovedfromthetestspecimen,isolateordisconnectthevessel fromthevacuumpumpandusethemanometertocheckthatthep
38、ressuredoesnotrisebecauseofanyde gasingofthetestspecimen. Progressivelyintroducetheimmersionliquidinsuchawaythat,after3min,thetestspecimeniscoveredby about20mmofliquid. Reconnectthevesseltothevacuumpump. Maintainthevacuumuntilpressurestabilityisobtainedtoensurecompletepenetrationofthetestspecimen by
39、theliquid. Suspendthetestspecimenbythethinwirefromtheloadpansuspensionpointofthebalance,perpendicular totheliquid,andweighitwhileitiscompletelyimmersedinaquantityoftheimmersionliquid,containedinthe beakerstandingonthebridge(ifused). Removebubblesfromthesurfaceofthetestspecimenandweigh.Removethetests
40、pecimenfromthe suspensionwire,replacethewireintheliquidtothesamesuspensionlevelandweigh.Thedifference betweenthetwoweighingsistheapparentmassoftheimmersedtestspecimen(m 2 ).Determinethe temperatureoftheimmersionliquid,usingthethermometer.EN1389:2003(E) 8 6.3.3 Determinationofthemassofthetestspecimen
41、stillimpregnatedwithitsliquid Removethetestspecimenfromtheliquidand,withoutwaiting,spongeitquicklyandcarefullywithadamp, lintfreeabsorbentclothortissuetoremovedropletsandthesurfacefilmofliquid,butavoiddrawingoutliquid fromtheporesofthetestspecimen. Immediatelyweighthetestspecimeninair.Takecaretoensu
42、rethatevaporationoftheimmersionliquiddoes notleadtoanyappreciablelossinmassduringtheweighingoperation. Recordthemassthusdeterminedasthemassoftheimpregnatedtestspecimen(m 3 ),repeattheimmersion, dryingandweighing. Iftheindividualresultsforeachtestspecimendifferbymorethan0,3%,repeatthetestuntiltwosets
43、of resultsmeetthesecriteria. 6.4Determinationofthedensityoftheimmersionliquid Determinethebulkdensityoftheliquidusedintheoperationatthetemperatureofthetest,usingthemethod giveninISO758orENISO1675toanaccuracyof0,01g/cm 3 . 6.5Calculationofresults 6.5.1 Calculatethebulkdensity r b ,inkilogrampercubicmetreorgrampercubiccentimetre,fromthe followingequation: L m m m - = 2 3 1 b where m 1 isthemassofthedrytestspec
