1、BS EN1822-2:2009ICS 13.040.40; 23.120NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDHigh efficiency airfilters (EPA, HEPA andULPA)Part 2: Aerosol production, measuringequipment, particle counting statisticsThis British Standard was published under the authority
2、 of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 61791 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 1822-2:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1822-2:2009. It supersedes BS EN 1822-2:1998 which is with
3、drawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/21/3, Air filters other than for air supply for I.C. engines and compressors.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i
4、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1822-2:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1822-2 November 2009 ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN
5、 1822-2:1998English Version High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA) - Part 2: Aerosol production, measuring equipment, particle counting statistics Filtres air haute efficacit (EPA, HEPA et ULPA) - Partie 2: Production darosol, quipement de mesure et statistiques de comptage de particules S
6、chwebstofffilter (EPA, HEPA und ULPA) - Teil 2: Aerosolerzeugung, Megerte, Partikelzhlstatistik This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard th
7、e status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germ
8、an). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech R
9、epublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN
10、 DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1822-2:2009: EBS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3
11、Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Aerosol production 54.1 General 54.2 Aerosol substances .54.3 Producing monodisperse aerosols74.3.1 Condensation methods .74.3.2 Particle size classification . 114.4 Generating polydisperse aerosols 114.5 Neutralisation of a
12、erosols 114.6 Minimum performance parameters for aerosol generators . 124.7 Sources of error 124.8 Maintenance and inspection 125 Measuring devices 125.1 Optical particle counters 125.1.1 Operation . 125.1.2 Minimum performance parameters . 135.1.3 Sources of error and limit errors . 145.1.4 Mainten
13、ance and inspection 145.1.5 Calibration . 145.2 Condensation nucleus counter . 145.2.1 Operation . 145.2.2 Minimum performance parameters . 165.2.3 Sources of error and limit errors . 165.2.4 Maintenance and inspection 175.2.5 Calibration . 175.3 Differential mobility analyser . 175.3.1 Operation .
14、175.3.2 Minimum performance parameters . 185.3.3 Sources of error and limit errors . 185.3.4 Maintenance and inspection 195.3.5 Calibration . 195.4 Particle size analysis system on the basis of differential mobility analysis 195.4.1 Operation . 195.4.2 Minimum performance parameters . 195.4.3 Source
15、s of errors and error limits . 195.4.4 Maintenance and inspection 195.4.5 Calibration . 195.5 Dilution systems . 205.5.1 Operation . 205.5.2 Minimum performance parameters . 205.5.3 Sources of error and limit errors . 205.5.4 Maintenance and inspection 205.6 Differential pressure measuring equipment
16、 205.7 Absolute pressure measuring equipment 215.8 Thermometers . 215.9 Hygrometer 216 Maintenance and inspection intervals 217 Particle counting statistics 23Bibliography . 25 BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1822-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/
17、TC 195 “Air filters for general air cleaning”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdr
18、awn at the latest by May 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1822-2:1998. It is dealing
19、with the performance testing of efficient particulate air filters (EPA), high efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA) and ultra low penetration air filters (ULPA) at the manufacturers site. EN 1822, High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA), consists of the following parts: Part 1: Classifi
20、cation, performance testing, marking Part 2: Aerosol production, measuring equipment, particle counting statistics Part 3: Testing flat sheet filter media Part 4: Determining leakage of filter elements (scan method) Part 5 : Determining the efficiency of filter elements This European Standard is bas
21、ed on particle counting methods which actually cover most needs of different applications. The difference between this European Standard and its previous edition lies in the addition of: an alternative test method for using a solid, instead of a liquid, test aerosol; a method for testing and classif
22、ication of filters made out of membrane type filter media; a method for testing and classification filters made out of synthetic fibre media; and an alternative method for leak testing of group H filters with other than panel shape. Beside that, various editorial corrections have been implemented. A
23、ccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
24、atvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 4 Introduction As decided by CEN/TC 195, this European Standard is based on particle counting methods which
25、actually cover most needs of different applications. The difference between this European Standard and previous national standards lies in the technique used for the determination of the integral efficiency. Instead of mass relationships, this technique is based on particle counting at the most pene
26、trating particle size (MPPS), which is for micro-glass filter mediums usually in the range of 0,12 m to 0,25 m. For Membrane filter media, separate rules apply; see EN 1822-5:2009, Annex A. This method also allows testing ultra low penetration air filters, which was not possible with the previous te
27、st methods because of their inadequate sensitivity. BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard applies to efficient particulate air filters (EPA), high efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA) and ultra low penetration air filters (ULPA) used in the field of ventilation an
28、d air conditioning and for technical processes, e.g. for applications in clean room technology or pharmaceutical industry. It establishes a procedure for the determination of the efficiency on the basis of a particle counting method using a liquid (or alternatively a solid) test aerosol, and allows
29、a standardized classification of these filters in terms of their efficiency, both local and integral efficiency. This European Standard describes the measuring instruments and aerosol generators used in the course of this testing. With regard to particle counting it specifies the statistical basis f
30、or the evaluation of counts with only small numbers of counted events. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
31、document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1822-1:2009, High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA) Part 1: Classification, performance testing, marking EN 1822-3, High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA) Part 3: Testing flat sheet filter media EN 14799:2007, Air filters for genera
32、l air cleaning Terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14799:2007 apply. 4 Aerosol production 4.1 General When testing a filter a test aerosol with liquid particles shall be used as reference test method and as defined in EN 1822-1
33、. Alternatively, a solid PSL aerosol can be used for local efficiency (leak) testing (see EN 1822-4:2009, Annex D). The testing of high-performance filters (U16 and U17) requires methods of aerosol production with high production rates (1010s-1to 1011s-1), in order to provide statistically significa
34、nt measurements downstream of the filter. By adjusting the operating parameters of the aerosol generator it shall be possible to adjust the mean particle diameter of the aerosol so that it is equal to the MPPS. The concentration and the size distribution of the aerosol produced shall remain constant
35、 throughout the test. 4.2 Aerosol substances A suitable aerosol substance for the reference test method is a liquid with a vapour pressure which is so low at the ambient temperature that the size of the droplets produced does not change significantly due to evaporation over the time scale relevant f
36、or the test procedure (typically max. 5 s). BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 6 Possible substances include but are not limited to: DEHS; PAO; Paraffin oil (low viscosity). The most critical properties of a possible aerosol substance are: Index of refraction; Vapour pressure; Density; which should
37、 not differ too much from the values given for the three substances suggested in Table 1. NOTE Standard laboratory safety regulations should be observed when handling these substances. It should be ensured by means of suitable exhaust systems and air-tight aerosol ducting systems that the test aeros
38、ols are not inhaled. In case of doubt the safety data sheets for the appropriate substances should be consulted. BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 7 Table 1 Important data for aerosol substances at 20 C DEHS PAO aParaffin oil (low visc.) Chemical designation Sebacic acid-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester Po
39、ly-Alpha-Olephin (e.g. CAS bNo. 68649-12-7) Mixture (e.g. CAS # 64742-46-7)Trivial name Diethylhexylsebacyte Polyalphaolefin Paraffinoil Density (kg/m3) 912 800 820 (820 c) 843 Melting point (K) 225 280 259 Boiling point (K) 529 650 780 (674 c) Flash point (K) 473 445 500 453 Vapour pressure at 293
40、K (Pa) 1,9 100 130 Dynamic viscosity (kg/m s) 0,022 to 0,024 0,003 1 0,004 at 373 K (0,013 at 313 K c) (Kinematic viscosity at 373 K: 3,8 4,1 mm2/s) 0,026 Index of refraction/ wavelength (nm) 1,450/650 1,452/600 1,453 5/550 1,454 5/500 1,458 5/450 1,475/400 (1,455 6 c) a US Patents 5,059,349 3 and 5
41、,059,352 4 describe and restrict the use of PAO for filter testing. Material properties of PAO as per Japan JACA Standard No. 37-2001: “The guideline of substitute materials to DOP” 5, Japan JISZ Standard No. 8901-206 6 and ISO Standard No. 14644-3 7.b CAS #, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numb
42、er, substances have been registered in Chemical Abstracts, issued by American Chemical Society 8.c Data for “Emery 3004” as a specific example of a PAO. Source: Crosby, David W., Concentration produced by a Laskin nozzle generator, a comparison of substitute materials and DOP, 21st DOE/NRC Nuclear A
43、ir Cleaning Conference 9.4.3 Producing monodisperse aerosols 4.3.1 Condensation methods 4.3.1.1 General Condensation methods are preferred for the creation of monodisperse aerosols, i.e. the particles are formed by condensation from the vapour phase. It is necessary to distinguish between heterogene
44、ous and homogeneous condensation. BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 8 4.3.1.2 Heterogeneous condensation 4.3.1.2.1 General In the case of heterogeneous condensation the vapour condenses at a relatively low level of supersaturation onto very small particles which are already present, the so-called
45、condensation nuclei. The size distribution of the resultant aerosol has a geometrical standard deviation between g= 1,05 and g = 1,15. Aerosol generators which operate using the principle of heterogeneous condensation are the Sinclair-LaMer generators (Figure 1) and the Rapaport-Weinstock generator
46、(Figure 2). 4.3.1.2.2 Sinclair-LaMer aerosol generator (Figure 1) A simple nebuliser operated with nitrogen nebulises a weak aqueous solution of sodium chloride. After large water drops have been excluded in a drop eliminator, the smaller droplets are passed into a diffusion drier where they vaporis
47、e. The resultant sodium chloride aerosol is then passed into a vessel containing the actual aerosol substance, where it becomes saturated with the vapour of this substance. The aerosol vapour mixture is then passed through a re-heater, and then on through a condensation chimney, where the vapour con
48、denses on the salt particles, forming a homogeneous droplet aerosol (see also 10). Key 1 Nitrogen supply 2 Nebuliser 3 Drop eliminator 4 Diffusion drier 5 Thermostatic oven 6 By-pass valve 7 Flow meter 8 Re-heater 9 Condensation chimney 10 Aerosol Figure 1 Structure of the Sinclair-LaMer aerosol generator The vessel containing the aerosol substance is contained in a thermostatic oven, whose temperature can be adjusted so as to regulate the amount of vapour and the diameter of the particles. A part of the sodium BS EN 1822-2:2009EN 1822-2:2009 (E) 9 chloride aerosol can also be diverted past
