1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 818-1:1996 +A1:2008Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 1: General conditions of acceptanceICS 53.020.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g
2、3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1996 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 64211 1National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 818-1:1996+A1:20
3、08. It supersedes BS EN 818-1:1996 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK
4、participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/1, Chains and fittings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respon
5、sible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 September 2008 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 818-1:1996+A1 Ap
6、ril 2008 ICS 53.020.30 Supersedes EN 818-1:1996 English Version Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 1: General conditions of acceptance Chanes de levage maillons courts - Scurit - Partie 1: Conditions gnrales de rception Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten fr Hebezwecke - Sicherheit - Te
7、il 1: Allgemeine Abnahmebedingungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 1996 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 20 November 1996 and Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 10 February 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate t
8、he conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists
9、 in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bod
10、ies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EU
11、ROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008: EEN
12、818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 !Terms and definitions“.7 4 Hazards .9 5 Safety requirements 10 5.1 Dimensions.10 5.2 Material, manufacture and heat treatment 10 5.2.1 Material .10 5.2.2 Welding and trimming .10 5.2.3 Heat treatme
13、nt10 5.2.4 Surface finish .10 5.2.5 Links inserted in the course of manufacture10 5.3 Mechanical properties.11 5.3.1 Manufacturing proof force (MPF).11 5.3.2 Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation (A) .11 5.3.3 Bend deflection11 6 Verification of safety requirements13 6.1 !Qualification o
14、f personnel.13 6.2 Material diameter .13 6.3 Condition of chain tested13 6.4 Selection of samples .13 6.5 Static tensile test .14 6.5.1 Testing machine.14 6.5.2 Tensile test samples14 6.5.3 Procedure .14 6.5.4 Total ultimate elongation (A) 14 6.6 Bend test.14 6.6.1 Test equipment 14 6.6.2 Procedure
15、.15 6.7 Acceptance criteria15 6.8 Re-tests.15 7 Marking .15 7.1 Grade marking15 7.2 Manufacturers marking 15 7.3 Additional marking 15 8 Manufacturers certificate .16 9 !Information“ for use .16 Annex A (normative) Requirements for the static tensile test machine17 Annex B (normative) Requirements f
16、or the bend test equipment .19 Annex C (informative) Proposed contractual clauses.20 C.1 General20 C.2 Inspection .20 C.3 Inspection marking20 BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 3 C.4 Steel makers cast analysis.20 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and
17、 the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC21 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC22 !Bibliography 23 BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008) ha
18、s been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest b
19、y October 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2008. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-02-10. This document supersedes EN 818-1:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by t
20、ags ! “. The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by the tags . !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essenti
21、al requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ The other parts of EN 818 are: Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 8 Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 4 Par
22、t 4: Chain slings Grade 8 Part 5: Chain slings Grade 4 !Part 6: Chain slings Specification for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer“ !Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T (Types T, DAT and DT)“ A further part or parts will cover fine tolerance chains for chai
23、n hoists and other lifting appliances. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gre
24、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to
25、 be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This Directive stipulates that where chain with welded links is used for lifting accessories it is to be of short link type and for the purp
26、oses of this standard this is chain having a ratio of nominal pitch to nominal size of 3:1. Chains covered by this European Standard are divided into grades which relate to the mechanical properties of the finished product and not simply to the strength of the material. Each grade is identified by a
27、 letter for fine tolerance chain or number for medium tolerance chain in the series: M,4; P,5; S,6: T,8; V,10 (see note 1 to table 0). The letter or number indicates the mean stress at the minimum breaking force as shown in table 0. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope o
28、f this Part of EN 818. In addition, lifting equipment shall comply as appropriate with !EN ISO 12100“ for hazards which are not covered by this standard. !This standard is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated i
29、n type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for equipment that have been designed and build according to the provisions of this type C standard.“ BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 6 Table 0 Basis of grade
30、 symbols Grade Fine tolerance Medium tolerance Mean Stress at the specified minimum breaking force, N/mm2M P S T V 4 5 6 8 10 400 500 630 800 1000 NOTE: Chains in all of these grades may not be the subjects of European Standards. This grading system has also been applied to hooks, links, shackles an
31、d other accessories, indicating their strength compatibility with the appropriate grade of chain. The stresses in a chain link are not uniform and at the extrados at the crown particularly, the maximum fibre stress is considerably greater than the mean stress obtained by dividing the force by the to
32、tal cross-sectional area of both legs of the link. BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 7 1 Scope This part of EN 818 specifies the general conditions of acceptance related to safety for electrically welded round steel short link chain for lifting purposes. It includes: a) medium tolera
33、nce chain for use in chain slings and for general lifting service and; b) fine tolerance chain for use with hoists and other similar lifting appliances. The hazards covered by this Part of EN 818 are identified in clause 4. Annex C gives proposals for clauses covering inspection, inspection marking
34、and steel makers cast analysis which may be included in a form of contract. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications ar
35、e listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. !deleted text“ !EN 818
36、-6:2000+A1“, Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 6: Chain slings, instructions for use and maintenance !EN 1050“, Safety of machinery - Risk assessment EN 10002-2, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile testing machi
37、nes !EN ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)“ 3 !Terms and def
38、initions“ !For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply.“ 3.1 nominal size (dn) nominal diameter of the round section steel wire or bar from which the chain is made 3.2 material diameter (dm) diameter of the material in the chain link as measured 3.3 weld dia
39、meter (ds) diameter at the weld as measured BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 8 3.4 length dimensionally affected by welding (e) length on either side of the centre of the link, affected by welding 3.5 pitch (p) internal length of a link as measured 3.6 manufacturing proof force (MPF
40、) of chain force to which during manufacture the whole of the chain is subjected 3.7 breaking force (BF) maximum force which the chain withstands during the course of a static tensile test to destruction 3.8 working load limit (WLL) of chain maximum mass which the chain hanging vertically is authori
41、zed to sustain in general lifting service. 3.9 total ultimate elongation (A) total extension at the point of fracture of the chain expressed as a percentage of the internal length of the test sample 3.10 processing any treatment of the chain subsequent to welding, for example, heat treatment, polish
42、ing or dimensional calibration 3.11 lot specified quantity from which test sample(s) is/are selected !3.12 competent person designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience and with the necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be c
43、arried out NOTE EN ISO 9001:2000, 6.2 gives guidance on training.“ BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 9 4 Hazards !Accidental release of a load, or release of a load due to“ failure of lifting accessories such as slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirect
44、ly the !safety or health“ or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment. In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories this Part of EN 818 lays down requirements for the design, selection of materials of construction and testing to ensure t
45、hat specified levels of performance are met. Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard for all types of chain having the specified levels of performance given in this Part of EN 818 when used in general lifting service. Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and speci
46、fication of lifting accessories this Part of EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturers certificate. The risk of injury due to sharp edges, sharp angles or rough surfaces when handling is also covered by this Part of EN 818. Those aspects of safe use associated with good pr
47、actice are given in !EN 818-6:2000+A1“. Table 1 contains !those hazards“, which require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for short link chain. Table 1 Hazards and associated requirements Hazards identified in annex A of !EN 1050“ Relevant clause/s
48、ub-clause of this Part of EN 818 !1 e)“ Mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength 5 6 7 8 9 !1.3“ Cutting hazard 5.2 !1.8“ Friction or abrasion hazard !deleted text“ 5.2 BS EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008EN 818-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 10 5 Safety requirements 5.1 Dimensions The material diameter (dm). the pi
49、tch (p) and the width (w1, w2) of a chain link, and the multiple pitch length (l) of a chain (see figure 1) shall be as specified in the Part of EN 818 for the particular type (medium or fine tolerance) and grade of chain. 5.2 Material, manufacture and heat treatment 5.2.1 Material The material shall comply with the requirements of the Part of EN 818 for the particular type and grade of chain. Within these limitations it shall be the chain manufacturers responsibility to select a steel such that the finished chain, suitably heat treated, complies wi
