1、CEN EN*993-1 95 81 3404589 009b42L O74 BRITISH STANDARD Methods of test for Dense shaped refractory products Part 1. Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity The European Standard EN 993-1 : 1995 has the status of a British Standard BS EN BS 1902 : Section 3.8 : 1995 993-1
2、: 1995 CEN EN*993-1 95 E 3404589 009b422 TOO 9 BS EN 993-1 : 1995 under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1995 O BSI 1995 Amd. No. The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPM/l Draft for comment 93/301169 DC ISBN O 680
3、23603 X Cooperating organizations Date Ext affected The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland
4、Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standard Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. Association francaise de normalisation Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. Hellenic Organiz
5、ation for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Asociacin Espaola de Normal
6、izacin y Certificacin Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution CEN EN*993-L 95 3404589 0096423 947 BS EN 993-1 : 1995 Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword page Inside front cover i Foreword 2 Text of EN 993-1 3 National
7、annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover National foreword This British Standard has been preparec. under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version
8、of EN 993-1 : 1995, Methods of test for dense shaped refractow products - Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS 1902 : Section 3.8 : 1989 which is withdrawn. EN 993-1 was produced as
9、 a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. i CEN ENx993-II 95 E 3404589 0096424 883 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 993-1 February 1995 ICs 81.080 Descr
10、iptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped refractory products, determination, bulk density, porosity English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1 : Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity Mthodes dessai pour produits r
11、fractaires faconns denses - Erzeugnisse - Partie 1: Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente de la porosit ouverte et de la porosit totale Prfverfahren fr dichte geformte feuerfeste Teil 1: Bestimmung der Rohdichte, offenen Porositt und Gesamtporositt This European Standard was approved by CEN o
12、n 1995-02-15. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
13、obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central
14、Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Comm
15、ittee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 993-1 : 1995 E Page 2 EN 993-1 : 1995 CEN ENm993-L 95 3404589 0096425 7LT Foreword This European Stand
16、ard has been prepared by Bchnical Committee CEN/W187, Refractory products and materials, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. It is closely based on the corresponding International Standard, Dense shaped refractory products - Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity, pu
17、blished by the International Organization for Standardization Reproducibility and repeatability data are not available, but may be given in a subsequent edition. EN 993 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of 18 Parts: Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity
18、 and true porosity Part 2: Determination of true density Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature Part 7: Determination of
19、modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load Part 9: Determination of creep in compression part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV) Part 12: Determination of pyrom
20、etric cone equivalent Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross-array) Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel) Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granula
21、r material (mercury method) Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method) This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1995, and conflicting national standar
22、ds shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1995. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal
23、, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. United Kingdom. (ISO) . Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative reference 3 Definitions 4 Principle 5 Apparatus and materials 6 7 Procedure 8 Expression of results 9 Rst report Annex A (informative) Reference Number and shape of test pieces Page 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 CEN
24、EN*993-1 95 I 3404589 0096426 656 Page 3 EN 993-1 : 1995 1 Scope This Part of EN 993 specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products. NmE. For shaped insulating refractory products, the bulk density and true porosi
25、ty are determined in accordance with EN 1094-4. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date
26、d references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 993-2 Methods of test for dense shaped refracto
27、ry products Part 2: Determination of true density Liquid chemical products for industrial use - Determination of density at 20 OC IS0 758 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of EN 993, the following definitions apply. 3.1 bulk density (Pb) The ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porou
28、s body to its bulk volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre. The sum of the volumes of the solid material, the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body. NOTE. The roughness of the surface limits the accuracy of definition of the bulk volume and, in cons
29、equence, of the bulk density. Also, the concept of bulk density becomes less precise when the volume of the sample diminishes below certain limits or when its texture (size of pores and grains) is too coarse. 3.2 bulk volume (vb) 3.3 true density (pt) The ratio of the mass of the material of a porou
30、s body to its true volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre. 3.4 true volume The volume of the solid material in a porous body. 3.5 open pores Those pores that are penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test described. NOTE. These pores are, in principle, al
31、l those that are connected with the atmosphere, either directly or via one another. Here also the roughness of the surface imposes a limit to the accuracy of the definition of the volume of the open pores. 3.6 closed pores Those pores that are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test descr
32、ibed. 3.7 apparent porosity (na) The ratio of the total volume of the open pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed as a percentage of the bulk volume. 3.8 closed porosity (nf) The ratio of the total volume of the closed pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed as a percentag
33、e of the bulk volume. 3.9 true porosity (nt) The ratio of the total volume of the open and closed pores to the bulk volume of the material, expressed as a percentage. NOTE. Consequently, the true porosity is the sum of the apparent porosity and the closed porosity. 3.10 dense shaped refractory produ
34、ct A product having a true porosity of less than 45 % (V/V). 4 Principle 4.1 The following are determined by weighing: the mass of a dry test piece, then its apparent mass when immersed in a liquid with which it has been impregnated under vacuum, and then its mass in air while still soaked with the
35、liquid. From these values and from the true density of the material, determined by the method specified in EN 993-2, its bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity are determined by calculation. 4.2 The precision of the results does not require any correction to be made for the fact that weig
36、hings are carried out in air, not in a vacuum. 5 Apparatus and materials (110 * 5) oc. 5.1 Dryirq oven., capable of being controlled at 5.2 Balance, with an accuracy of f 0,01 g. 5.3 Brise, to be placed over the load-bearing scale pan of the balance (see 7.3), if a two-pan balance is used. 5.4 Evacu
37、a.tin.g equipnwnt, capable of reducing the pressure to a value no greater than 2500 Pa and a means of measuring the pressure used. 5.5 ThemzomeW, accurate to i 1 OC. 5.6 Immersion liquid, for materials that do not react with water, the immersion liquid may be cold distilled water. For materials that
38、 are sensitive to contact with water, a suitable organic liquid shall be used. NOTE. For example, distilled paraffin may be used for hydratable materials. 5.7 Desiccator. CEN EN*773-L 95 3404589 O076427 592 Page 4 EN 993-1 : 1995 6 Number and shape of test pieces 6.1 The number of items (for example
39、, bricks, shapes, nozzles) to be tested shall be determined by agreement between the interested parties. 6.2 The number of test pieces to be tested per item shall be agreed between the parties; it shall be stated in the test report. If the test pieces are cut out of bricks or blocks, the same number
40、 shall be cut from each one, in order to facilitate statistical analysis. 6.3 %st pieces shall be cut in the form of prisms or cylinders. The bulk volume of a test piece shall be not less than 50 em3, and shall be not more than 200 cm3. The ratio of the longest to the shortest dimension of a test pi
41、ece shall not exceed 2: 1. NCTE. Where it is not possible to obtain the given size and volume from the item, test pieces of other dimensions and volume may be used by agreements between parties, and are to be reported. 6.4 Any test piece showing cracks shall be eliminated, since these might falsify
42、the determination of the bulk volume. 7 Procedure 7.1 Determination of mass of dry test piece (mi) Dry the test piece at (110 tr 5) OC to constant mass, i.e. until two successive weghings made before and after at least 2 h in the oven do not differ by more than 0,l %. Before each weighing, place the
43、 test piece in a desiccator until it has cooled to room temperature. Weigh each test piece to the nearest 0,Ol g. The mass determined is the mass of the dry test piece (mi). 7.2 Soaking of test piece Carry out a check test to ensure that the apparatus will hold a vacuum. Place the cooled and dried t
44、est piece in an airtight vessel. After sealing the vessel, evacuate it until a pressure of not more than 2500 Pa is attained; maintain this vacuum for at least 15 min. In order to ensure that all the air has been removed from the open pores, isolate or disconnect the vessel from the vacuum pump and
45、check that pressure does not rise through any degassing of the test piece. Reconnect the vessel to the vacuum pump and progressively introduce the immersion liquid so that, after 3 min, the test piece is covered by about 20 mm of liquid. Maintain this reduced pressure for 30 min, then switch off the
46、 pump and open the vessel. Wait a further 30 min to ensure that the liquid penetrates into all the open pores. NOTE. Certain fine porosity materials such as refractories containing carbon and some clay products may require longer periods of evaporation. 7.3 Determination of apparent mass of immersed
47、 test piece (m2) Suspend the test piece by a thin thread from the load-pan suspension point of a hydrostatic balance and weigh it while completely immersed in a quantity of the immersion liquid, contained in a beaker standing on the bridge, if used. In this way, the apparent mass of the immersed tes
48、t piece is obtained (mz). The weighing shall be made to the nearest 0,Ol g. Determine the temperature of the immersion liquid to an accuracy of i 1 OC. 7.4 Determination of mass of soaked test piece (mg) Remove the test piece from the liquid and immediately sponge it quickly and carefully with a dam
49、p sponge or cloth to remove droplets and the surface film of liquid but without drawing liquid out of any of the pores. NOTE. Consistent results have been obtained by keeping for this purpose alone a linen cloth which, having been washed two or three times when new to remove the dressing, is immersed in the immersion liquid and lightly wrung out by hand before each use. Immediately weigh the test piece in air to the nearest 0,Ol g. lkke care to ensure that evaporation of the immersion liquid does not lead to any appreciable loss in mass during the weighing operation. In
