1、BRITISH STANDARD Methods of test for BS EN BS 1902-4.3:ZOOO 993-5:2000 dense shaped refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength The European Standard EN 993451998 has the staim of a British Standard ICs 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIG
2、HT LAW STD=BSI BS EN 773-5-ENGL 2000 1111 Lb24bb9 0873773 TL7 = BS EN 993-52000 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materiais and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000
3、 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 993-5 1998. It supersedes BS 19024.3 1985 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RPV1, Refractory products and materials, to Subcommittee RPI/l/l, Sampling
4、 and physical testing of refractory materials, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related international and European developments and promulgate interpretation, or proposals for chang
5、e, and keep the UK interests informed; them in the UK A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the B
6、SI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ?International Standards Correspondence Index?, or by using the ?Find? facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are respo
7、nsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyrigh
8、t notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. I Date I Comments O BSI 09-2000 ISBN O 580 30849 9 STD.BS1 BS EN 993-5-ENGL 2000 W Lh24669 0873774 953 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 9934 September 19
9、98 ICC 81 .O80 English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires faonns denses - Partie 5: Dtemination de la rsistance Icrasement temprature ambiante Pruhrerfahren fr dichte geformte feuerfe
10、ste Erzeugnisse - Teil 5: Bestimmung der Kaltdruckfestigkeit This European Standard was approved by GEN on 4 September 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard wit
11、hout any alteration. Up-todate lists and bibliographical references concerning sich national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language m
12、ade by trmslation under the responsibility of a GEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as tie official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Gemany, Greece, Iceland,
13、 Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMIITEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 6-1050 Brussels 8 1998 CEN All rights of exploita
14、tion in any fom and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 993-51998 E Page 2 EN 993-511998 Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 Principle 5 Apparatus 6 Test pieces 7 Procedure 8 Expression of results 9 Test report Page 3 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 O
15、 BSI 09-2000 Page 3 EN 993-5:1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Ref-actory products and materials, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an iden
16、tical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1999. It is closely based on the corresponding International Standard IS0 10059- 1 : 1992, Dense, shaped refiactory products - Determination of cold compressive str
17、ength - Part I: Referee test without packing. Reproducibility and repeatability data are not available, but can be given in a subsequent edition. EN 993, Methods of testing dense shaped refiactoryproducts, consists of the following parts: - Part I: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity an
18、d true porosis, - Part 2: Determination of true densis: - Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories; - Part 4: Determination ofpermeability to gases; - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength; - Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperatures; - Part 7: Dete
19、rmination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures; - Part 8: Determination of refiactoriness-under-load, - Part 9: Determination of creep in compression; - Part 1 O: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating - Part I I: Determination of resistance to thermal shock(ENV); - Par
20、t 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (refiactoriness); - Part 13: Specification for pyrometric reference cones for laboratory use, - Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire (cross-array) method; - Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire bara
21、llel) method - Part 16: Determination of resistance to sulphuric acids; - Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the mercury method with vacuum; - Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the water method with vacuum; - Part 19: Determination of resist
22、ance to thermal expansion; - Part 20: Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature. Q BSI 09-2000 Page 4 EN 993-511998 According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Au
23、stria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Q BSI 09-2000 STD.BSI BS EN 993-5-ENGL 2000 m Lb24bb9 O7L7785T9 m Page 5 EN 993-5: 1998 1 Scope This Europ
24、ean Standard specifies a method of determination of the cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory products. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at appropriate places
25、 in the text and in the publications listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred
26、 to applies. EN 993-1, Methods of test for dense shaped refiactoryproducts -Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity. IS0 3599, Vernier callipers reading to 0,l and 0,05 mm. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 cold c
27、rushing strength maximum load per unit area, applied under specified conditions at room temperature, that a rehctory product will withstand before failure occurs 3.2 dense shaped refractory product product having a true porosity of less than 45 % (V/V), when measured in accordance with EN 993-1 4 Pr
28、inciple A test piece of known dimensions is subjected under Specified conditions to a steadily increasing compressive load until its failure, when it cannot support a further increase in load. The cold crushing strength is calculated from the maximum load indicated at failure and the mean cross-sect
29、ional area over which the load is applied. (Q BSI 09-2000 STD-BSI BS EN 993-5-ENGL 2000 Lb24669 0873779 435 = Page 6 EN 993-5:1998 5 Apparatus 5.1 Mechanical or hydraulic compression testing machine, fitted with a measuring device capable of measuring the load exerted on the test piece to within f2
30、%. The machine shall be capable of increasing the stress at the rate of 1 ,O MPa/s* O, 1 MPa/s, until the test piece is unable to support the load. The platens of the machine shall a) have a Rockwell hardness value between 58 HRC and 62 HRC; b) be ground plane to a flatness tolerance of 0,03 mm over
31、 the area to be in contact with the test piece; c) have a surface texture (mean roughness value Ra) between 0,s pm and 3,2 pm. This can be checked visually or by feeling with a “mean-roughness” reference standard such as is used for flat grinding. The area of the upper platen shall not be greater th
32、an 100 cm. The upper platen shall work on a seating that will compensate for small deviations from parallelism between the platen and test piece. A testing machine whose upper platen does not comply with the above requirements for size can be used in conjunction with an ancillary adaptor, such as sh
33、own in Figure 1, placed centrally between the platens of the machine. The platens of the adaptor shall comply with the machine platen requirements for hardness and flatness given in this clause, They shall have a thickness of at least 10 mm. NOTE The platens should be replaceable to allow re-machini
34、ng and should not be matted. 5.2 Vernier callipers, in accordance with IS0 3599, for measurement of test pieces (see 6.3 and clause 7). 5.3 Set square. 5.4 Dying oven, capable of being controlled at (1 1 O f 5) OC. 5.5 Feeler gauges. 5.6 Levelling plate. O BSI 09-2000 STD-BSI BS EN 773-5-ENGL 2000 9
35、 3ib29bb9 0871780 157 9 Page 7 EN 993-5: 1998 6 Test pieces 6.1 The test pieces shall be either: cylinders 50 mm f 0,5 mm in diameter and 50 mm f 0,5 mm in height; or cubes 50 mm f 0,5 mm in edges length. Where it is not possible to obtain this size from the test item, cylinders 36 mm f 0,3 mm in di
36、ameter and 36 mm f 0,3 mm in height shall be used. Only one test piece shall be taken from each item to be tested, unless otherwise agreed and reported (see clause 9). 6.2 Test pieces shall be cut from the item) so that the load applied during testing is in the same direction as the forming pressure
37、 during manufacture of the item, where this is known. The original position of the test pieces in the item(s) shall be reported. Test pieces containing cracks or visible defects shall be discarded and this shall also be reported. Both ends of the test piece shall be made plane and parallel, grinding
38、 the surfaces where required. Water sensitive material where hydration is expected during the time of test piece preparation and handling shall be machined dry or by using a non-reacting liquid. To ensure that the top and bottom ends of the test pieces are plane over their entire surface, each end s
39、hall in tuni be pressured with a load of 3 kN f 1 kN on to a levelling plate which is lined with carbon or blue paper and hard filter paper (0,15 mm in thickness). Test pieces that do not show two complete, clearly visible coloured impressions shall be reground (see Figures 2 to 5 for examples of cy
40、lindrical test pieces). NOTE A steel straight edge can be used to assist in checking the surfaces. Mortar should not be used to plane the surfaces. 6.3 The parallelism of the test pieces shall be checked by four measurements of the height, at the extremities of two perpendicular diameters for a cyli
41、nder, or for a cube, along the four edges between the load-bearing faces. The difference between any two of these measurements of height shall not exceed 0,2 mm. 6.4 The perpendicularity shall be checked by placing the test piece on a plane surface and using a set square, placed against the side of
42、the test piece, at four positions corresponding to the height measurements. No gap between the side of the test piece and the set square shall exceed 0,5 mm, measured with feeler gauges. 6.5 Drying of test pieces. The prepared test pieces shall be carefully dried by placing them in a drying oven at
43、(1 1 O f 5) “C to constant mass. They are then cooled to room temperature and stored in a dry place until the test is begun. O BCI 09-2000 STD.BSI BS EN 993-5-ENGL 2000 Lb24bb9 0871781 O93 I Page 8 EN 993-5:1998 7 Procedure Measure two perpendicular diameters or medians of each surface to within 0,l
44、 mm. From the arithmetic mean of these four measurements, calculate the initial cross-sectional area A,. Place the test piece or the ancillary adaptor with the test piece in it centrally between the platens of the machine, without using any packing between the test piece and the platens. Select the
45、load range so that the expected load at failure is greater than 10 % of the load range. Apply the load smoothly and continuously, increasing the stress at the rate of (1,0 f 0,l) MPds until the test piece fails, when it is unable to support the load. Record the maximum load indicated. NOTE A graph o
46、f applied load against time is recommended for showing the result. 8 Expression of results The cold crushing strength (u) of the test piece (in MPa) is given by the expression: where: Fmax Ao is the maximum load recorded, in Newtons; is the mean initial cross-sectional area of the test piece over wh
47、ich the load is applied, in square millimetres. The result shall be given to three digits. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the name of the test laboratory; b) the date of the test; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. determined in accordance with
48、EN 993- d) the designation of the material tested (manufacturer, size, quality, etc.); e) the number of items tested and the number of test pieces cut from each item if Q the dimensions of the test pieces, their location in the item and the relationship to; g) the direction of pressing (see 6.1); h)
49、 the location of any defective test pieces (see 6.2); 5; greater than one (see 6.1); O BSI 09-2000 STD.BSI BS EN 993-5-ENGL 2000 = 3b24bb9 0873782 T2T Page 9 EN 993-5:1998 i) the individual value of cold crushing strength for each test piece and the mean j) the mean value for the batch sampled. value for each item, where different see 6.1 and e); Cylindrical ram for transmittina load to .- - test piece Ball seating transmitting Upper platen Rigid frame Lower platen I I Figure 1 - Ancillary adaptor a) coarse grained brick type b)
