1、BS EN 15316-4-7:2008ICS 91.140.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDHeating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficienciesPart 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systemsIncorp
2、orating corrigendum February 2010This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2009 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70677 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15316-4-7:2008National forewordThis British Standa
3、rd is the UK implementation of EN 15316-4-7:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/24, Central heating installations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to in
4、clude all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.31 March 2010 Correction to figures 1 installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions fo
5、r operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these stand
6、ards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products com
7、plying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines de
8、scribe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or
9、individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General
10、BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 5 Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water sys
11、tems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space
12、 heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standar
13、ds organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Port
14、ugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard presents methods for calculation of the additional energy requirements of a heat generation system by biomass combustion in order to meet
15、the distribution and/or storage sub-system demand. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. This method can be used for the follo
16、wing applications: judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets; optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options; assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing he
17、at generation system, by calculating the energy use with and without the energy conservation measures. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. 1 Scope This European Standar
18、d is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs, for space hea
19、ting generation by biomass combustion sub-systems (boilers) with stocking by hand, including control. This European Standard is also intended for the case of generation for both domestic hot water production and space heating. The case of generation only for domestic hot water production is treated
20、in EN 15316-3-3. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 303-5,
21、 Heating boilers Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked, nominal heat output of up to 300 kW Terminology, requirements, testing and marking EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008
22、(E) 7 EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in building Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems EN 15316-3-2, Heating systems in building Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 3-2: D
23、omestic hot water systems, distribution EN 15316-3-3, Heating systems in building Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation EN 15316-4-1:2005, Heating systems in building Method for calculation of system energy requi
24、rements and system efficiencies Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1.1 space heati
25、ng process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.2 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.1.3 heated space room or enclosure which for the purposes of the calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-
26、point temperature or set-point temperatures 3.1.4 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE Thermal energy reco
27、vered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and is directly treated in the related system standard. 3.1.5 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support e
28、nergy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. 3.1.6 heat recovery heat generate
29、d by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger) 3.1.7 total system thermal loss total
30、 of the technical system thermal loss, including recoverable system thermal losses BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 8 3.1.8 recoverable system thermal loss part of the system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the
31、heating or cooling system 3.1.9 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.10 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a uni
32、t quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water va
33、pour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. NOTE 3 The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation. 3.1.11 net calorific value gross calorif
34、ic value minus latent heat of condensation of the water vapour in the products of combustion at ambient temperature 3.1.12 calculation step discrete time interval for the calculation of the energy needs and uses for heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification NOTE Typical discrete time int
35、ervals are one hour, one day, one month or one heating and/or cooling season, operating modes, and bins. 3.1.13 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps. 3.1.14 external temperature tempera
36、ture of external air NOTE 1 For transmission heat transfer calculations, the radiant temperature of the external environment is supposed equal to the external air temperature; long-wave transmission to the sky is calculated separately. NOTE 2 The measurement of external air temperature is defined in
37、 EN ISO 15927-1. 3.1.15 boiler gas, liquid or solid fuelled appliance designed to provide hot water for space heating. It may (but need not) be designed to provide domestic hot water heating as well 3.1.16 combustion power product of the fuel flow rate and the net calorific power of the fuel BS EN 1
38、5316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 9 3.1.17 condensing boiler boiler designed to make use of the latent heat released by condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products. The boiler needs to allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain NOTE
39、 Boilers not so designed, or without the means to remove the condensate in liquid form, are called non-condensing. 3.1.18 modes of operation various modes in which the heating system can operate (set-point mode, cut-off mode, reduced mode, set-back mode, boost mode) 3.1.19 modulating boiler boiler w
40、ith the capability to vary continuously (from a set minimum to a set maximum) the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing 3.1.20 accumulator (storage) system part of the generation system tank which stores excess heat during operation time (resulting from the difference between
41、 the boiler output and the actual heat input to the heating system) 3.1.21 load balancing (storage) system part of the generation system tank which improves the operation conditions during operation time (resulting in reducing the starting intervals and increasing the running time of automatic fired
42、 biomass boilers (see EN 15316-4-1) 3.1.22 biomass boiler biomass fuelled appliance designed to provide heating medium (e.g. water, fluid) for space heating 3.1.23 load factor ratio between the time with the boiler ON and the total generator operation time 3.1.24 operation cycle time period of the o
43、peration cycle of a boiler BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 10 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit b temperature reduction factor c- c coefficie
44、nt cvarious c specific heat capacity J/kgK or Wh/kgK aE energy in general (except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy J or Wh ae expenditure factor c- f factor c- H calorific value J/mass unit or Wh/mass unit bH heat transfer coefficient cW/K k factor c- m mass kg n e
45、xponent - N number of items integer P power in general including electrical power W Q quantity of heat J or Wh at time, period of time s or h aV volume L V volume flow m/s or m/h aW auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work J or Wh a loss factor % load factor - prefix for difference efficiency
46、factor % Celsius temperature C heat flow rate, thermal power W aIf seconds (s) is used as the unit of time, the unit for energy needs to be J; If hours (h) is used as the unit of time, the unit for energy needs to be Wh. bMass unit for fuel may be Stm, Nm or kg. cCoefficients have dimensions; factor
47、s are dimensionless. BS EN 15316-4-7:2008EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 11 Table 2 Indices acc accumulator gen generation subsystem on on aux auxiliary gnr generator op operation avg average grs gross out output from subsystem brm boiler room H heating P0 at zero load cham chamber hup heating up Pint at inte
48、rmediate load ch chimney i, j, k indices Pn at nominal load ci calculation step in input to subsystem Px at x load cmb combustion ins insulation rbl recoverable cod cooling down int intermediate ref reference cor corrected / correction lob load balancing rvd recovered ctr control ls losses s gross (
49、calorific value) dis distribution m mean sby in stand-by operation em emission max maximum ta tank fa factor mass massic test test conditions fib fire bed min minimum W heating system water fg flue gas net net w water ge generator envelope off off z indices The indices specifying symbols for sub-system energy balance quantities are in the following order: the first index represents the use (H = space heating, W = domestic hot water etc.); the second index represents the sub-system (gen = generation, dis = distributio
