1、CENELEC EN*b0043 U 3404583 0357026 782 W BRITISH STANDARD Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump- turbines The European Standard EN 60041 : 1994 has the status of a British Standard 1 BS EN 60041 : 1995 CENELEC ENxb0041 W 3404583 0
2、357027 b39 W BS EN 60041 : 1995 Standards Board and comes into effect on Amd. No. Date 16 September 1995 0 BSI 1995 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MCE/15 Draft for comment 87/74825 DC ISBN O 580 24212 9 Committees responsible for this British St
3、andard Text affected The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Engineering Sector Board to “kchnical Committee MCE/15, Hydraulic turbines, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering
4、Laboratory) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers North of Scotland Hydro-electric Board Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) University of Southampton CENELEC EN*b004L 3404583 0157028 555 BS EN 60041 : 1995 Contents
5、Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Fore word 2 Text of EN 60041 3 i CENELEC ENrb00LiI.t = 3404583 0357029 49L BS EN 60041 : 1995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board and is the English language
6、version of EN 60041 : 1994, Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic omzance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It was derived by CENELEC from IEC 41 : 1991 published by the Internationa
7、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Common modifications and editorial corrections are indicated by the presence of side rules in the margins. For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to: - IEC Publication 27 : Letter symbols to b
8、e used in electrical technology - IEC Publication 617 : Graphical symbols for diagrams The symbols and signs contained in the present publication have either been taken from IEC Publication 27 or 617, or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication. For general terminology, re
9、aders are referred to IEC Publication 50: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), which is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing with a specific field, the General Index being published as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplied on request 1). The terms a
10、nd definitions contained in the present publication have been either taken from the IEVor specifically approved for the purpose of this publication. Some Sections and Parts of BS 4727 are identical with or technically equivalent to IEC Publication 50. All Parts of BS 3939, except for Part 1, are ide
11、ntical with IEC Publication 617. EN 60041 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the United Kingdom took an active part. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS 4999 General requirements for rotating electrical machines Part 102 : 1987 Method
12、s for determining lsses and t$fic.ienCy from tests (emluding machines for tmction vehicles) IEC 34-2A : 1974 IEC 185 : 1987 BS 7626 ; 1993 S 1976 BS 7625 : 1993 Spec$fication for voltage trawfms BS 5671 ; 1979 Guide for cmm.isSioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines BS 3680 Measureme
13、nt of liquidflow in open channels Part 3 : Streamjbw memrernent Part 3A : 1980 Velocity-area methods Part 4 Weirs andfluma W 1979 IS0 1438-1 : 1980 1) Available from Sales Department, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. ii CENELEC EN*bOOYL 3404583 0357030 I103 = BS EN 60041 : 1995 IS0 2537 :
14、 1988 IS0 2975-1 : 1974 IS0 2975-2 : 1975 IS0 2975-3 : 1976 IS0 2975-6 : 1977 IS0 2975-7 : 1977 IS0 3354 : 1988 IS0 3455 : 1976 IS0 3966 : 1977 IS0 5168 : 1978 IS0 7066-1 : 1989 IS0 7066-2 : 1988 Part 8A : 1989 Current nzeters incorporating a rotating element BS 5857 Methods for measurmt offluidflow
15、 in closed conduits, using tracers Part 1 Measur- of waterflow Section 1.1 : 1980 General Section 1.2 : 1980 Constant rate injection method using non-radiarctive tracers Section 1.3 : 1980 Constant rate injection method using radioactive tracers Section 1.4 ; 1980 Transit time method using non-radio
16、active tracers Section 1.5 : 1980 Transit time method using radioactive tracers BS 1042 Measurement offluidflow in ciosed conduits Part 2 Velocity area methods Section 2.4 : 1989 Method of measur- of clean water flow using current meters in full conduits and under regular flow conditions BS 3680 Mea
17、surement of liquid flow in open channels Part 8 Measuring instmcments and equipmen$ Part 8C : 1980 Caliration of rotating-element current-meters in straight open tanks BS 1042 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Part 2 Velocity area methods Section 2.1 : 1983 Method using Rtot static tubes
18、BS 5844 : 1980 Methods of measur- offluidflow: estimation of uncertainty of ajlow-rate measurement BS 7118 Measuw offluidflow: assessment of uncwuinty in th calibration and use ofjlow mewr-devices Part 1 : 1990 Linear calibration relationships Part 2 : 1989 Non-linear calibration relationships Addit
19、ional information The following IS0 standards referred to in the text were earlier editions which have now been superseded by later editions. Where available the identical British Standard is cross-referenced. IS0 publication Corresponding British Standard IS0 31-3 : 1978 Superseded by BS 5775 Spedf
20、kation for quantities, units and symbols Part 3 : 1993Mechanh BS 1042 Measurement offluidflow in closed conduits Part 1 : Pressure differential devices Section 1.1 : 1992 Specifzcation for square-edged iii sc Pagc 15. Indcxtcsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
21、 15.1 Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 15.2 Relativc dischargc measurcment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 15.3 Mwsurcincnt of othcr quantitics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 15.4 Computation of results . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 15.5 Unccnainty of mcasurcment , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 APPENDIX A - Systematic uncertaintics in performance measurements at steady state conditions . . 168 APPENDKB - Rcjcclon of outliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . 176 Arrmmx C - Analysis of the random uncertainties for a test at constant operating conditions . . . 177 APPENDIX D - Analysis of the random uncertainties for a test over a range of opcrating conditions . 181 APPENDIX E - Physical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. 184 APPENDIX F - Derivation of the equation for lhe specific hydraulic energy of a machine . . . . . 195 APPENDIX G - Measurement of electric power - Determination of the correction for a singlc-phase measuring system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 APPENDIX H - Thennodyn
25、amic method - Examples for a balance of power and computation of the spccific mechanical encrgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 A“XNDIX J - Acoustic method of discharge measurement . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 202 Annex ZA (normative) Other international publications quoted in
26、 this standard with the references of the relevant European publications. . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 21 1 Page 6 EN 60041 : 1994 CENELEC EN*b0041 m 3404583 0157036 b21 m FIELD ACCEPTANCE TESTS TO DETERMINE THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS AND PUMP-TURBINES SECTIO
27、N ONE - GENERAL RULES 1 Scope and object 1.1 Scope 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 I 1.3 This International Standard covers the arrangements for tests at the site to determine the extent to which the main contract guarantees (see 3.2) have been satisfied. It contains the rules governing their conduct and pres
28、cribes measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed. It deals with methods of computation of the results as well as the extent, content and style of the final report. Model tests, when used for acceptance purposes, are dealt within IEC 193 with Amendment No. 1, first supplement 193 A,
29、and in IEC 497. Tests of speed governing systems are dealt with in IEC 308. Object Thc purposc of this standard for ficld acceptance tests of hydraulic turbincs, storage pumps or pump- turbincs, also callcd the machine, is: - to dcfine the terms and quantities which are used; - to spccify incthods o
30、f tcsting and ways of measuring the quantitics involved in ordcr to asccrtain thc hydraulic pcrformancc of thc machine; - to dctcrmine if the contract guarantces which fail within the scope of this standard have been fulfilled. The dccision to perform field acceptance tests including the definition
31、of their scope is thc subject of an agrcemcnt between the purchaser and the supplier of the machine. For this, it has to be examined in each casc, whether thc measuring conditions recommended in this standard can be realized. The influence on the measuring uncertainties, due to hydraulic and civil c
32、onditions has to be taken into account. If thc actual conditions for field acceptance tests do not allow compliance with the guarantees to be proved, it is recommcnded that acceptance tests be performed on models (see 1.1.2). Types of machines In gcncral, this standard applics to any size and type o
33、f impulse or rcaction turbine, storagc pump or pump-turbinc. In particular, it applics to machines coupled to electric generators, motors or motor- gcncra tors. This standard applies to machines with unit power greater than 5 MW or with reference diameter greater than 3 m. Although the complex and d
34、etailed procedure involved is not generaily justified for machines with smaller power and size, nevertheless this standard may be used for such machines by agreement between purchaser and supplier. For LIIC purposc of this standard thc Brm turbine includes apump-turbinc functioning as a turbine and
35、thc Celsius tcmpcraturc 19 = 0 - 273,15 Mass pcr unit volumc a) Valucs for watcr arc givcn in Appcndix E, Tablc EI1 (Q is commonly uscd instcad of Q ,J Valucs for air arc givcn in Appcndix E, Tablc EIII. Usualiy thc valuc of air density at hc rcfcrcncc lcvcl of the machinc (scc 2.3.7.10) is uscd Val
36、ucs for rncrcury arc givcn in Appcndix E. Tablc BIV 6) c) Voliimc pcr unit mass. Uscd only for waicr in this standard Factor charactcrizing a thcrmcdynamic propcny. Valucs for wakr arc givcn in Appciidix E, Table BV Thc ratc of changc of cnthalpy pcr unit mass with changc in tcmpcraturc at constant
37、prcssurc. Valucs for watcr arc givcn in Appcndix E. Tablc EVI For purposcs of this standard thc absolutc parhl prcssurc of hc vapour in thc gas mixturc over thc liquid surfacc is ihc saturation vapour prcssurc corrcsponding to the tcmpcraturc. Valucs for distilled watcr arc givcn in Appcndix E, Tabl
38、c EVII A quantity charactmising he mcchanical bchaviour of a fluid (SCC IS0 3 1 -3) Ratio of the dynamic viscosity to chc density: Y = Symbol Unit kg m3 . kg-l m3 . kg-l 1% CENELEC EN*b004L 3404583 OL5704L T = Page 11 EN 60041 : 1994 2.3.4 Discharge, velocily and speed lems l-CTcmi Dischargc (voluin
39、c flow ratc) Mass flow ratc Mcasurcd dischargc Dischargc at rcfcrcncc scction Corrcctcd dischargc at rcfcrcncc scction No-load turbinc dischargc Indcx dischargc Mcan vclocity Rotational spccd No load turbinc Initiai spccd sped Finai spccd hlorncntary ovcrspccd of a iurbinc Maximum momcntary ovcrspcc
40、d of a turbinc haxiriiuin stcddy statc runaway spccd Definition Volumc of watcr pcr unii tirnc flowing through any scction in thc system Mass of waicr flowing through any section of thc systcin pcr unii time. Both p and Q must bc dctcrmincd at thc same scction and at thc conditions existing in that
41、scction Nofe. - Thc mass flow rate is constani bctwccn two sections if no water is added or removcd. Volumc of watcr pcr unit time flowing through any mcasuring scction. for example 1 (see 2.3.1.3 and 2.3.1.4) Volumc of watcr pcr unit time flowing through thc reference section 1 or 2 Volume of watcr
42、 pcr unit time flowing through a refercncc scction referred to the ambient pressure (scc 2.3.5.2) c.g. QIc = (eQ)l/e, (SCC 3.2.3) where e, is the dcnsity at ambicnt prcssurc and the watcr tcmpcraturc at the rcfcrcncc scction Turbinc dischargc at no-load, at spccificd spccd and spilied spccific hydra
43、ulic energy and gcncrator not cxcitcd Dischargc givcn by rclativc (uncalibratcd) flow mcasurcrncnt (scc Clause 15) amb Dischargc dividcd by the arca A Numbcr of rcvolutions pcr unit time The stcady stak turbinc speed at no load with govcmor conncctcd and gcnerator not excitcd Thc stcady state turbin
44、e spced just bcforc a changc in opcrating conditions is initiated (sec Figurc 3) Thc steady statc turbine spccd after ali iransicnt wavcs havc bccn dissipated (SCC Figure 3) Thc highcst spccd attaincd during a suddcn spccificd load rcjcction from a spccificd governor setting (sec Figurc 3) Thc momcn
45、tary ovcrspccd attained undcr ihc most unfavourablc transicnt conditions (in some cases thc maximum momcntary ovcrspccd can cxcccd thc maximum stcady statc runaway spced) lhc spccd for that position of nccdlcs or guidc vancs andlor runncr/impcllcr bladcs which givcs thc highcsi vaiuc aficr aU transi
46、cnt wavcs havc bccn dissipatcd with clccirical machinc disconnccted from load or nciwork and not excitcd, undcr thc maximum spccific hydraulic cncrgy (hcad). Thc runaway spccd particularly of high spccific spccd machincs may bc influenced by cavitation and hus dcpcnds on thc availablc NPSB (sec 2.3.
47、6.9) Symbol Page 12 EN 60041 : 1994 iEC 3WI Figurc 3 - Varialion of turbine speed during a suddcn load rcjcction 2.3.5 Pressure lerrn.7 2.3.5.1 2.3.5.2 2.3.5.3 2.3.5.4 2.3.5.5 2.3.5.6 2.3.5.1 Tcrm hbsolutc prcssurc hmbicnt prcssurc Gaugc pmsurc Initial prcssurc Final prcssurc Momentary prcssurc Maxi
48、muml minimum rnmcnury prcssurc Dcfinilion The static prcssurc of a fluid mcasuremcnt with rcfcrcncc to a pcrfect vacuum Thc absolutc pressure of Ihe ambicnt air Thc diffcrcncc bctwcen the absolutc presssure of a fluid and thc ambient prcssure at thc piace and timc of rncasurcmcnt: Thc stcady state g
49、auge pressure which OcCuTs at a spccificd point of Ihc system just before a change in opcraling conditions is initiated (see Figure 4) Thc stcady sratc gauge pressure which occurs at a spccificd point of the system after aii transient wavcs have bccn dissipatcd (see Figure 4) Thc hghcsflowest gauge pressure which occurs at a spccificd point of thc systcm undcr spccific transient conditions (sec Figurc 4) The rnomcntary pressure under the most unfavourablc transient conditions Symbol Unit Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa CENELEC ENxb0043 3404583 0357043 8bL m Page 13 E
