1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationElectromechanical elementary relaysPart 2: ReliabilityBS EN 61810-2:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61810-2:2011. It is identical to IEC
2、 61810-2:2011. It supersedes BS EN 61810-2:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/94, General purpose relays and reed contact units.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This
3、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 61894 9 ICS 29.120.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published und
4、er the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2011.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61810-2:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61810-2 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2011 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Stan
5、dardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61810-2:2011
6、E ICS 29.120.70 Supersedes EN 61810-2:2005English version Electromechanical elementary relays - Part 2: Reliability (IEC 61810-2:2011) Relais lectromcaniques lmentaires - Partie 2: Fiabilit (CEI 61810-2:2011) Elektromechanische Elementarrelais - Teil 2: Funktionsfhigkeit (Zuverlssigkeit) (IEC 61810-
7、2:2011) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-04-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogr
8、aphical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o
9、f a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
10、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 61810-2:2011EN 61810-2:2011 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 94/316/FDIS, future edition
11、 2 of IEC 61810-2, prepared by IEC TC 94, All-or-nothing electrical relays, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61810-2 on 2011-04-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 61810-2:2005. The main changes with respect to EN 61810-2:2005 are listed below: in
12、clusion of both numerical and graphical methods for Weibull evaluation; establishment of full coherence with the second edition of the basic reliability standard EN 61649; deletion of previous Annex A and Annex D since both annexes are contained in EN 61810-1. This standard is to be used in conjunct
13、ion with EN 61649:2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has t
14、o be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-01-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-04-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the In
15、ternational Standard IEC 61810-2:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 61810-2:2011- 3 - EN 61810-2:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced doc
16、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modificati
17、ons, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050-191 1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service - - IEC 60050-444 2002 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 444: Elementary relays
18、 - - IEC 60300-3-5 2001 Dependability management - Part 3-5: Application guide - Reliability test conditions and statistical test principles - - IEC 61649 2008 Weibull analysis EN 61649 2008 IEC 61810-1 2008 Electromechanical elementary relays - Part 1: General requirements EN 61810-1 2008 BS EN 618
19、10-2:2011 2 61810-2 IEC:2011 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope . . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 General considerations . 9 5 Test conditions . . 10 5.1 Test items 10 5.2 Environmental conditions . . 10 5.3 Operating conditions 10 5.4 Test equipment . 11 6 Failure criter
20、ia . 11 7 Output data 11 8 Analysis of output data . 11 9 Presentation of reliability measures . 12 Annex A (normative) Data analysis 13 Annex B (informative) Example of numerical and graphical Weibull analysis . . 22 Annex C (informative) Example of cumulative hazard plot 26 Annex D (informative) G
21、amma function . 32 Bibliography . 33 Figure A.1 An example of Weibull probability paper 16 Figure A.2 An example of cumulative hazard plotting paper . . 18 Figure A.3 Plotting of data points and drawing of a straight line . 18 Figure A.4 Estimation of distribution parameters . 19 Figure B.1 Weibull
22、probability chart for the example 24 Figure C.1 Estimation of distribution parameters . 28 Figure C.2 Cumulative hazard plots . 30 Table B.1 Ranked failure data . 23 Table C.1 Work sheet for cumulative hazard analysis . . 26 Table C.2 Example work sheet 29 Table D.1 Values of the gamma function . 32
23、 BS EN 61810-2:201161810-2 IEC:2011 5 INTRODUCTION Within the IEC 61810 series of basic standards covering elementary electromechanical relays, IEC 61810-2 is intended to give requirements and tests permitting the assessment of relay reliability. All information concerning endurance tests for type t
24、esting have been included in IEC 61810-1. NOTE According to IEC 61810-1, a specified value for the electrical endurance under specific conditions (e.g. contact load) is verified by testing 3 relays. None is allowed to fail. Within this IEC 61810-2, a prediction of the reliability of a relay is perfo
25、rmed using statistical evaluation of the measured cycles to failure of a larger number of relays (generally 10 or more relays). Recently the technical committee responsible for dependability (TC 56) has developed a new edition of IEC 61649 dealing with Weibull distributed test data. This second edit
26、ion contains both numerical and graphical methods for the evaluation of Weibull-distributed data. On the basis of this basic reliability standard, IEC 61810-2 was developed. It comprises test conditions and an evaluation method to obtain relevant reliability measures for electromechanical elementary
27、 relays. The life of relays as non-repairable items is primarily determined by the number of operations. For this reason, the reliability is expressed in terms of mean cycles to failure (MCTF). Commonly, equipment reliability is calculated from mean time to failure (MTTF) figures. With the knowledge
28、 of the frequency of operation (cycling rate) of the relay within an equipment, it is possible to calculate an effective MTTF value for the relay in that application. Such calculated MTTF values for relays can be used to calculate respective reliability, probability of failure, and availability (e.g
29、. MTBF (mean time between failures) values for equipment into which these relays are incorporated. Generally it is not appropriate to state that a specific MCTF value is “high” or “low”. The MCTF figures are used to make comparative evaluations between relays with different styles of design or const
30、ruction, and as an indication of product reliability under specific conditions. BS EN 61810-2:2011 6 61810-2 IEC:2011 ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTARY RELAYS Part 2: Reliability 1 Scope This part of IEC 61810 covers test conditions and provisions for the evaluation of endurance tests using appropriate s
31、tatistical methods to obtain reliability characteristics for relays. It should be used in conjunction with IEC 61649. This International Standard applies to electromechanical elementary relays considered as non-repaired items (i.e. items which are not repaired after failure), whenever a random sampl
32、e of items is subjected to a test of cycles to failure (CTF). The lifetime of a relay is usually expressed in number of cycles. Therefore, whenever the terms “time” or “duration” are used in IEC 61649, this term should be understood to mean “cycles”. However, with a given frequency of operation, the
33、 number of cycles can be transformed into respective times (e.g. times to failure (TTF). The failure criteria and the resulting characteristics of elementary relays describing their reliability in normal use are specified in this standard. A relay failure occurs when the specified failure criteria a
34、re met. As the failure rate for elementary relays cannot be considered as constant, particularly due to wear-out mechanisms, the times to failure of tested items typically show a Weibull distribution. This standard provides both numerical and graphical methods to calculate approximate values for the
35、 two-parameter Weibull distribution, as well as lower confidence limits. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference
36、d document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-191:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service IEC 60050-444:2002, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 444: Elementary relays IEC 60300-3-5:2001, Dependability manag
37、ement Part 3-5: Application guide Reliability test conditions and statistical test principles IEC 61649:2008, Weibull analysis IEC 61810-1:2008, Electromechanical elementary relays Part 1: General requirements BS EN 61810-2:201161810-2 IEC:2011 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docu
38、ment, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-191 and IEC 60050-444, some of which are reproduced below, as well as the following, apply. 3.1 item any component that can be individually considered IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-01-01, modified NOTE For the purpose of this standard, items are elementar
39、y relays. 3.2 non-repaired item item which is not repaired after a failure IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-01-03, modified 3.3 cycle operation and subsequent release/reset IEC 60050-444:2002, 444-02-11 3.4 frequency of operation number of cycles per unit of time IEC 60050-444:2002, 444-02-12 3.5 reliability
40、 ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given number of cycles or time interval IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-02-06, modified NOTE 1 It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval. NOTE 2 T
41、he term “reliability” is also used as a measure of reliability performance (see IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-12-01). 3.6 reliability test experiment carried out in order to measure, quantify or classify a reliability measure or property of an item IEC 60300-3-5:2001, 3.1.27 3.7 life test test with the pu
42、rpose of estimating, verifying or comparing the lifetime of the class of items being tested IEC 60300-3-5:2001, 3.1.17, modified BS EN 61810-2:2011 8 61810-2 IEC:2011 3.8 cycles to failure CTF total number of cycles of an item, from the instant it is first put in an operating state until failure 3.9
43、 mean cycles to failure MCTF expectation of the number of cycles to failure 3.10 time to failure TTF total time duration of operating time of an item, from the instant it is first put in an operating state until failure IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-10-02, modified 3.11 mean time to failure MTTF expectati
44、on of the time to failure IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-12-07 3.12 useful life number of cycles or time duration until a certain percentage of items have failed NOTE In this standard, this percentage is defined as 10 %. 3.13 failure termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function IEC
45、60050-191:1990, 191-04-01, modified 3.14 malfunction single event when an item does not perform a required function 3.15 contact failure occurrence of break and/or make malfunctions of a contact under test, exceeding a specified number 3.16 failure criteria set of rules used to decide whether an obs
46、erved event constitutes a failure IEC 60300-3-5:2001, 3.1.10 3.17 contact load category classification of relay contacts dependent on wear-out mechanisms NOTE Various contact load categories are defined in IEC 61810-1. BS EN 61810-2:201161810-2 IEC:2011 9 4 General considerations The provisions of t
47、his part of IEC 61810 are based on the relevant publications on dependability. In particular, the following documents have been taken into account: IEC 60050-191, IEC 60300-3-5 and IEC 61649. The aim of reliability testing as given in this standard is to obtain objective and reproducible data on rel
48、iability performance of elementary relays representative of standard production quality. The tests described and the related statistical tools to gain reliability measures based on the test results can be used for the estimation of such reliability measures, as well as for the verification of stated
49、 measures. NOTE 1 Examples for the application of reliability measurements are: establishment of reliability measures for a new relay type; comparison of relays with similar characteristics, but produced by different manufacturers; evaluation of the influence, on a relay, of different materials or different manufacturing solutions; comparison of a new relay with a relay which has already worked for a specific period of time; calcul
