1、 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 801-1-ENGL 1997 Lb2qbbS 0598009 115 I BRITISH STANDARD Pulps Determination of saleable mass in lots Part 1. Pulp baled in sheet form The European Standard EN IS0 801-1 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICs 85.040 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITIXD BY C
2、OPYRIGHT LAW 3s EN IS0 $01-1 : 1997 327-4747“: Part 1 : 1995 .(?nUmbered, nco?-pomti?q Irnenmt No.1 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 801-1-ENGL 1777 H Lb2qbbS 0578010 737 W 9410 BS EN IS0 801-1 : 1997 Issue 2, March 1997 March 1997 Indicakd by a sideline in the margin s -+bnL Committees responsible for this Britis
3、h Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PAv11, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Carton Association British Fibreboani Packaging Association British Printing Industries Federation British Textile Confederation Envelope Makers a
4、nd Manufacturing Stationers Association Her Majestys Stationery Office Institute of Paper Conservation Paper Federation of Great Britain pira International Post ffice University of Manchester (institute of Science and Technology) Co-opted members This British Standard, having been prepared under the
5、 direction of the Materiais and Chemicals Sector Board (U-), was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1995 O BSI 1997 First published August 1980 Second edition January 1995 The foiiowing BSI references relate to the work on this Standard Committee
6、 reference PAV11 Draft for comment 91145545 DC ISBN O 680 23645 6 Amendments issued since publication ID* ITextaffected Amd. No. I l - Issue 1, March 1997 BS EN IS0 801-1 : 1997 Page Front cover Inside front cover b a 1 Issue Page Issue 2 ii 2 2 EN cover 1 1 iib 1 blank 1 to 11 original 2 Back cover
7、 2 Change of identifier Wherever BS 4747 : Part 1 : 1995 appears in this standard, it should be read as BS EN IS0 801-1 : 1997. O BSI 1997 a * rn * - STD-BSI BS EN IS0 BOL-L-ENGL 1997 W 1b2ibbS 0578012 70T Issue 2, March 1997 BS EN IS0 801-1 : 1997 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front c
8、over National foreword ii Foreword iib I Method 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Principle 2 4 APP- 6 Sample bales 6 Procedure 2 2 3 7 Expression of results 6 8 Testreport 7 Annexes A B (ionnative) Example of a full certacate of analysis and related calaons 8 (iormative) Equipment for marking the positio
9、n of the specimen sheets in sample bales 11 ables 1 Number of sample baies to be taken 3 B.l Distance of specimen sheet from uppermost don line 11 Figures 1 2 3 Diagram indicating the position from which specimen sheets shall be taken 3 Diagram illustrating how test pieces of conctant area are to be
10、 cut from 5 Diagram illushating how test pieces with constant angle at the apex are to be cut from specimen sheets selected according to the diagram given in fiaire 1 6 specimen sheets selected according to the diagram given in figure 1 O BSI 1997 1 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 801-1-ENGL 1997 1b211bb9 0598033
11、 blib This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PAV11 and is the Engiish language version of EN IS0 801-1 : 1996 Pulps - Determinution of s - wrappers (pulp - paper); - packaging wires or strappings. 2.3 oven-dry mass: The mass obtained OR drying pulp at 105 “C f 2 “C, until con
12、stant mass is reached. 2.4 absolute dryness: The ratio of the oven-dry mass (2.3) of the pulp to its initial mass, expressed as a percentage. 2.5 air-dry mass: The mass of the pulp when its moisture content is in equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere. 2.6 theoretical commercial dryness: A conven-
13、tional equilibrium value of 88 % or 90 % according to the country and/or commercial agreements.“ 2.7 saleable mass: The gross mass (2.2) multiplied by the absolute dryness (2.4) divided by the theoreti- cal commercial dryness (2.6). Usually, it approximates to the air-dry mass (2.5). 2.8 invoiced ma
14、ss: The saleable mass (2.7) indi- cated by the vendor on the invoice. 1) If the air dryness is 90 %, the pulp contains 90 parts by mass of absolutely dry fibres and 10 parts by mass of water. For an air dryness of 88 %, the corresponding figures are 88 and 12. 1 STD.BS1 BS EN IS0 1901-1-ENGL 1997 1b
15、24bb7 0578037 271 IS0 801-1:1994(E) 3 Principle From the lot, sample bales are taken in number which is a function of the total number of bales in the com- plete lot and in accordance with a sliding scale. These sample bales are weighed“ and collected in groups of six bales. Five specimen sheets are
16、 selected from each sample bale under defined conditions. From each specimen sheet, a test piece is cut in the form of a triangle, as indicated in clause 6. The test pieces are weighed and dried to constant mass to determine their oven-dry mass (2.3). The saleable mass (2.7) of the lot is then calcu
17、lated. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Scale, suitable for weighing the bales to an ac- curacy of at least 1/1 000. 4.2 Balance, suitable for weighing the test pieces to an accuracy of at least 1/5 000. The balance shall have a capacity of at least 5 kg and a sensitivity of 0,l g. Its weighing pan (or weighing tabl
18、e) shall be wide enough to accommodate the test pieces so that they do not protrude outside the rim of the pan. NOTE 1 As the test pieces are weighed when still hot, they cause an upstream flow of air around the weighing pan and, in consequence, a negative error in the balance read- ing. This error
19、is minimized if the pan is wide enough so that no part of the test pieces protrudes outside the rim of the pan. 4.3 Equipment, for marking the position of the specimen sheets to be selected (see annex BI and the test pieces in these sheets, as well as for cutting them. 4.4 Equipment, for storing at
20、least 30 test pieces to prevent them from gaining or losing mass before weighing. 4.5 Drying oven, with good ventilation, and capable of being controlled at 105 OC f 2 OC. 5 Sample bales All the sample bales shall be representative of the lot and for this purpose, so far as possible, these bales sho
21、uld be selected at random from all parts of the lot. In the absence of any other agreement between the interested patties, the available part of the lot to be examined shall be not less than half the complete lot at the time of examination. If the bales have identification numbers relating to severa
22、l series, the sample bales shall be selected as far as possible in proportion to the size of each of these series. The sample bales shall be intact and damaged as little as possible, and shall not include - bales showing signs of definite drying or wetting, as may happen with bales situated on the e
23、xternal faces of a stack; - bales or wrappings of bales having deteriorated, or showing clear signs of accidental localized wet- ting or loss; - bales carrying traces of previous sampling; - bales whose number is illegible or is not contained in the specification, if this is a lot specified bale by
24、bale. The number of sample bales to be taken is given in table 1. Above 5 000, the minimum number to be taken is 100 plus 1 % of the bales in excess of 5 000, the maxi- mum number being 200 plus 1 % of the bales in ex- cess of 5 000. In all cases, the total number of sample bales shall be a multiple
25、 of 6. When the lot is relatively uniform, and the number of bales rejected (exclusive of bales from the outer faces of the stack) does not exceed 10 % of the minimum number of bales to be selected (see table 11, then the minimum number shall be taken. Otherwise, the ana- lyst shall decide, within t
26、he limits set in table l, the number of bales to be selected. For frozen pulp, the sampling shall be postponed until the bales have thawed, so that satisfactory test pieces can be cut from the sheets. 2) The mean of the gross mass of the sample bales is considered as being the mean of the gross mass
27、 of all the bales in the lot. 2 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 BOL-L-ENGL 3797 W Lb24bb7 0578038 128 IS0 801 -1 : 1994( E) Bole Nos. Bale Nos. Bole Nos. Bale Nos. Bale Nos. Bale Nos. I.VII, II.VIII. III,IX. 1V.X. V.XI, VI.XII, XIII. etc. XIV, etc. XV., etc. XVI. etc. XVII, etc. XVItI, etc. 1 L * Table 1 - Number
28、 of sample bales to be taken Total number of baies in lot Number of sample balm min. I max. up to 100 101 to 200 201 to 300 301 to 400 401 to 500 501 to 600 601 to 700 701 to 800 801 to 900 901 to 1 O00 1 O01 to 2 O00 2 O01 to 3 O00 3 O01 to 4 O00 4 O01 to 5 O00 12 18 24 24 24 30 30 36 36 42 48 60 7
29、2 96 24 36 48 48 48 60 60 72 72 a4 96 120 144 192 6 Procedure 6.1 Weighing of sample bales Determine the gross mass of each sample bale sep- arately and report the results to an accuracy between 1/500 and 1/1 000; report, if possible, their marks and references in the order of their weighing. Check
30、the scale (4.1 1 before the weighings and during the course of the operation. If the moisture content of the sheets of pulp serving as wrappers obviously differs from that of the rest of the bale, or if the wrappers are invoiced separately, test them separately in accordance with 7.2. 6.2 Selection
31、of specimen sheets Select five specimen sheets from each sample bale, as specified below, as soon as possible after weigh- ing. Draw five sheets from each sample bale, the distance between the sheets being constant and equal to one-fifth of the total thickness of the bale (see the note), Do not take
32、 the sheets from the same positions in each bale, but select them according to the pro- cedure specified below and illustrated in figurel. In sample bale No. I, the first sheet is taken 1 cm from the extreme top, and the last sheet (the fifth) will be one-fifth of the thickness of the bale from the
33、bottom. In sample bales Nos. II, III, IV, V and VI, each sheet is taken from a slightly lower position (actually 1/50 of the thickness of the bale) than the corresponding sheet of the preceding bale; thus, in sample bale No. VI, the first sheet will be taken 1/10 of the height of the bale from the t
34、op, and the last sheet will be 1/10 of the height of the bale from the bottom. The sample bale No. VII, being a part of the next group of six sample bales, will recommence the cycle and be treated in the same way as the sample bale No. I, etc. NOTE 2 Pulp bales composed of sheets folded or in juxtap
35、osition. Pulp sheets are sometimes delivered folded two or more times into laps to conform to the size of the bale. In such cases, the word “sheet“ should be interpreted as applying to only one thickness of the lap. If several sheets are folded into one lap, the test piece should be drawn from the s
36、ample sheet defined above. It is advisable to cut the pulp sheet(s1 along the fold of the lap to deter- mine the exact position from which the specimen sheet should be drawn. Where the bales are composed of two adjacent sheet piles, the two sheets in juxtaposition on the same level should be conside
37、red as constituting one specimen sheet. I I I I I I I I I . I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I Figure 1 - Diagram indicating the position from which specimen sheets shall be taken Select all specimen sheets very carefully, especially those within about 5 cm from the top and the bottom of the bale. The
38、specimen sheets can be selected easily with the aid of an appropriately graduated measuring rod (see annex BI. Place the rod in an inclined position against the side of the bale, so that its lower end is at the level of the bottom face on the bale, and the upper line at the level of its top. The fac
39、es on the rod cor- 3 STD=BSI BS EN IS0 801-1-ENGL 1797 Lb2llbbS 0578017 Obll 9 IS0 801-1:1994(E) respond to the six bales in a bale group and the lines correspond to the five specimen sheets in the table. If the top and bottom of the bales can be established by means of numbers or other identifying
40、marks, start the selection of specimen sheets from the top of the first group of six sample bales and from the bottom of the second group of six sample bales. Follow this alternating procedure for successive groups of six bales. 6.3 Cutting the test pieces 6.3.1 General From each of the specimen she
41、ets selected, take a triangular test piece by making two straight cuts through the sheet from the edge to the midpoint. These triangles (see note 3) have their bases at the outside edges and apices at the midpoint of the sheets. All test pieces used in the test have either the same area, or a consta
42、nt apex angle of 24“. It is very important that each specimen sheet remain in contact with the sheet underneath when the test piece is cut and that the cutting of the test piece is carried out on the same bale at the moment when the specimen sheet is exposed. Place the test pieces in the storage equ
43、ipment (4.4) to prevent gain or loss of moisture until the desired quantity has been accumulated for weighing as a batch. NOTE 3 As a result of a very full study, it has been de- cided to adopt two alternative ways of cutting the triangular test pieces. In alternative 1. the test pieces are cut in s
44、uch a way that they are equal in area. In alternative 2, the test pieces are cut so that the angle at the peak is constant; hence, the areas of the test pieces vary according to the position from which they are taken in the specimen sheets. Alternative 1 is theoretically correct for representative s
45、am- pling but believed by some to be difficult to operate in practice. Alternative 2 is considered by some to be easier to follow. Data collected show that, in practice, the differ- ence between the results obtained by the two ways of cutting the test pieces is likely to be negligible, and for this
46、reason it has been agreed to recognize both alternatives. 6.3.2 Alternative 1: Constant area From the first bale of a group of six sample bales, proceed as follows: Cut test pieces in the shape of triangles in which the apices are at the midpoint of the sheets and where the lengths of the bases of t
47、he triangles are 12 “ and - 7,5 7,5 - where 1, is the length of the long side of the sheet; 1, is the length of the short side of the sheet. The test piece cut from the first specimen sheet has one side which coincides with a sheet diagonal (starting point shown in figure 2). If the specimen sheets
48、vary in grammage. and, hence also in thickness, compensate this by cutting nar- rower test pieces from the thicker sheets and wider ones from the thinner sheets. Cut the test pieces from the consecutive specimen sheets as indicated in figure2. These five triangular pieces together form the sample fr
49、om bale No. I. In sample bale No. II, cut the test pieces from con- secutive positions clockwise of the respective test piece positions in sample bale No. I, and progressively for sample bales Nos. III, IV, V and VI. Use the same procedure for each group of six sample bales. For each of these groups, the total area of the test pieces is equivalent to one sheet. If, however, the pulp properties and sheet shapes cause difficulty in cutting the test pieces, it is permissible to double the area of every test piece. The procedure for cutting test pieces with consta
