1、STD-BSI BS EN IS0 9293-LZ-ENGL 1991 W Lb29bbS 0830778 TTO m BRITISH STANDARD Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTS) - Part 12: Presentation of information The European Standard EN IS0 9241-12: 1998 has the status of a British standard ICs 13.180; 35.080 35.180; 3
2、5.240.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGm LAW BS EN IS0 9241-121999 BS EN IS0 9241-12:1999 been prepared under the direction of the Health and Amd. No. Date Environment Sector Committee , was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into eff
3、ect on 15 August 1999 O BSI 08-1999 ISBN O 680 30717 4 National foreword Comments This British Standard is the English ianguage version of EN IS0 9241-121998. It is identical with IS0 9241-12:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee Pw9, Applied ergonomics,
4、to Subcommittee pH/9/6, User system interfaces, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to We responsible inkrnationai/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; - monitor related int
5、ernational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organnations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists nonnative refe
6、rences to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “international Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using t
7、he “Find” faciity of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
8、 legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 46, the annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout this d
9、ocument indicates when the document was last issued. STD.BS1 BS EN IS0 924L-LZ-ENGL 1779 LbZllbb DBLOBOO q87 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 9241-12 December 1998 ICs 13.180; 35.180 escripots: see IS0 document English version Ergonomic requirements for office work with visua
10、l display terminals (VDTs) - Part 12: Presentation of information (IS0 9241 -1 2: 1998) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux B Bcrans de visualisation (rrv) - Partie 12: Prdsentation de linformation (IS0 9241-12:1998) Ergonomische Anforderungen fr BroUtigkeit mlt BildscMnngeM
11、en - Teil 12 InformaiioMdarstellung (IS0 9241 -1 2 1 998) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 December 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEWCENELEC Intemal Regulations which aipulaie the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without
12、any alteration. Up-to-date lists and blbliographical refems concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
13、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notmed to the central Secretariat has the same status as the offidal versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Flnland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland. Ireland,
14、 Italy, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Noway, Porlugal, Spain, Sweden, Smtzeiland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stasmrt, 36 - the visual display is small or of such low resolution that
15、users cannot view meaningful amounts of information in individual tiled windows. 5.3.9 Tiled window format A tiled format should be used in cases where - the task requires little or no variation in the size, numbers, contents and arrangement of windows; - continuous visual access to the information
16、currently displayed (e.g. critical information, information nececsaril, used for the task) is required; - the processing required for the rapid manipulation and display of overlapping windows degrades system response time and user task performance. 5.3.10 Selection of window format If appropriate fo
17、r the task, users should be allowed to select the preferred windowing format and save the selected format as “default“. 5.4 Areas The recommendations for the organization of information into areas provide guidance on the relative location of areas and the complexity of information displayed in areas
18、. 5.4.1 Consistent location of areas Areas (.e. identification, inputloutput, control, and message area) used in the dialogue within an application shoulc be consistently located. NOTE 1 NOTE 2 area. The identification area is often located above the inpuoutput area. In non-window environments, the
19、control area for command entries is often located at the bottom of the inpuffoutput 5.4.2 Density of displayed information The density of displayed information should be such that it is not perceived as overly cluttered by the user. NOTE 1 by characters) is appropriate. NOTE 2 increasing the densiy
20、of displayed information. For many character-based interfaces, a limit of 40 % (percentage of potential character positions actually populated For graphical user interfaces, other graphical elements such as lines, push-buttons, icons, may be perceived as 10 STDaBSI BS EN IS0 9241-LZ-ENGL 1977 Lb24bb
21、7 OBLOBL7 782 EN IS0 9241-12:1998 5.5 Inpuoutput area The recommendations for organizing information in inputloutput areas provide guidelines to present information required for the task, to portion displayed information if necessary, and to indicate the relative position of information currently di
22、splayed. 5.5.1 Required information If possible, all of the information required to perform a given task should be displayed in the inputloutput area. If this is not possible: a) the information required should be structured into subsets corresponding to task steps; b) these should support appropria
23、te sub-tasks and be meaningful to the intended users; c) splitting of information should not result in reduced task performance. 5.5.2 Scrolling and paging If the amount of information to be displayed exceeds the available inputloutput area, the user should be provided an easy means (e.g. horizontal
24、 or vertical paging/scrolling) to view portions of the information not currently displayed. When the user has to discern some relationship between separately displayed sets of information, it is desirable to display the two sets of information on a single screen, and scrollinglpaging is not always a
25、ppropriate. NOTE information. Techniques such as windows, split-screens, keywords, indexing, etc. can facilitate the overview of two sets of 5.5.3 Indication of relative position of displayed information If the information exceeds the available inputloutput area, the relative position and proportion
26、 of the information currently displayed should be indicated in relation to the total amount of information (e.g. a scroll bar, slider, or “page x of y“ indication). 5.6 Groups The recommendations for groups provide guidelines for arranging information into groups. Grouping information on the screen
27、helps the user to perceive, find, and interprecomprehend information more easily. 5.6.1 Distinction of groups Groups should be perceptually distinct according to spacing and location (see figure 8). If necessary, other means should be used to improve distinctiveness (e.9. a box around the group). 11
28、 STD.BSI BS EN IS0 9241-12-ENGL 1999 1b24bb9 OBLOB18 b19 EN IS0 9241-12:1998 .:;:,.;.,;:;:;:;:;:;,;:;:;,;,.:Retrie“al form:;,;.,;.;.;.,.:.:.;,:.;.;,;,:,:,;., . . . . :, ;:;:;:;,.;:;:,;,.,;:;:;:,.:; ;:, . Form name: Contents: - I I Reference: Version No.: Type: NO. of pages: 0 n Creation date: - - Is
29、sue dates: 71 Title: I Subject: Author 5: Keywords: Comments: I I Figure 8 - Example of grouping NOTE a) Law of proximity (see figure 9) EXAMPLE When grouping information, the application of the following gestalt principles can be helpful. Figure 9 - Illustration of law of proximity Elements in clos
30、e spatial proximity are perceived as belonging to each other. This is the case with two parallel lines, as well as, for example, with fields and labels, or windows and their shadows. b) Law of similarity (see figure 10) EXAMPLE - - - - I =-i Figure 10 - Illustration of law of similarity 12 STD.BS1 B
31、S EN IS0 9241-12-ENGL 1999 = Lb24bb9 0820819 555 a EN IS0 9241-12:1998 Elements are perceived as belonging to each other if they are similar. In the example, the observer perceives columns instead of rows. c) Law of closure (see figure 11) EXAMPLE 1 L A Figure 11 - Illustration of law of closure Non
32、-existent parts of a figure are added or incomplete figures are completed automatically. This is the case with all groups of data that are spatially separated and where the observer attempts to build a coherent figure. 5.6.2 Sequencing If the task requires a specific sequence, information should be
33、grouped and placed in an order which supports that sequence. 5.6.3 Use of conventions Groups of information should be arranged to follow common formats, conventions and customs (ag. addresses). 5.6.4 Functional grouping If the task does not require a specific sequence, task-related information shoul
34、d be organized into groups that are semantically related (.e. meaningful to the user). 5.6.5 Visually distinct groups - “chunks“ If task performance requires rapid visual search, the number of groups should be minimized and each group should span as close as possible to about 5“ visual angle. Charac
35、ter size should not be decreased in order to get more information into the group, as readability will be impaired (see IS0 9241-3:1992, subclauses 5.4 to 5.6 and 5.0 to 5.12). For character-based interfaces the recommended group area spans approximately 5 to 6 lines in vertical length top to bottom
36、and 10 to 12 characters in width. Groups exceeding these limits require more eye movements and therefore greater search times. 5.7 Lists Lists are used for organizing information. The recommendations for lists provide rules for ordering, numbering, and layout of information, the usage of headers, an
37、d guidelines for lists extending beyond the display area. 5.7.1 List structure Lists should be organized in a logical or natural order appropriate to the task. NOTE If no such order is applicable, alphabetic ordering can be considered. 13 STDmBSI 8s EN IS0 92YIi-LZ-ENGL 1999 = Lb24bb9 0830820 277 EN
38、 IS0 9241-12:1998 5.7.2 Item reparation Items and groups of items in a list should be visually distinct from one another to support visual scanning. 5.7.3 Alphabetic information The format of lists of alphabetic information should depend on language conventions, for example, vertical lists of alphab
39、etic information are left-justified for languages which read from left to right. See figure 12. NOTE Indentation can be used to indicate subordination in hierarchical lists. Cities Basel London New York Paris Figure 12 - Illustration of left-justified alphabetic information 5.7.4 Numeric information
40、 (see figure 13) Numeric information without decimal signs (comma or point) should be right-justified. Numeric information containing decimal signs should be aligned with respect to the decimal sign. 34.500 0.31 32315 323.450 Figure 13 - Illustration of alignment of numeric information 5.7.5 Fixed f
41、ont size A fixed font size with constant spacing should be used in numeric lists. 5.7.6 Itom numbering When listed items are numerically labelled, the numbering should begin with 1“ (one), not “O“ (zero), unless this conflicts with user expectations. 5.7.7 Continuity of item numbering If a list of n
42、umbered items exceeds the available inputloutput area and has to be paged/scrolled for its continuation, items should be numbered continuously in relation to the first item in the initial inputloutput area. In menus this recommendation does not apply to number designators used for option selection a
43、nd execution (see IS0 9241-14:1997, 7.2.6 and 7.2.7). 14 5.7.8 Indication of list continuation (see figure 14) If a list extends beyond the available display area, an indication of list continuation should be provided (e.9. more“ after the last displayed item, page 2 of Y, or a scroll bar indicator;
44、 see also 5.5.3). page 2 of 3 City Bertin London Oslo Paris Bogota Caracas Lima Mexico City Santiago Washington Figure 14 - Indication of list continuation 5.8 Tables Tables are appropriate to organize information into visual meaningful subsets. The recommendations for organizing information in tabl
45、es provide guidance for the arrangement of tabular information in an appropriate format. 5.8.1 List organization in tables (see figure 15) Tabular information should be arranged such that the material most relevant to the user or with the highest priority is displayed in the leftmost column, and ass
46、ociated but less significant materia1 in columns further to the right, unless this conflicts with user expectations. This applies to languages which are read from left to right. Adena Bocage Colin Diderot 40 12 03 89 40 34 90 O0 97 23 32 O0 02 32 32 O4 Nantes Rennes Paris Nancy Figure 15 - Example o
47、f a list organization in a table 5.8.2 Consistency with paper forms If paper forms are used in the task, the information display format and the paper forms should be designed to match each other whenever feasible. For data entry tasks see IS0 9241 -1 7 5.8.3 Maintaining column and row headings If a
48、table uses column and row headings and extends beyond the available display then the headings associated with the visible columns andor rows should always be visible. 15 5.8.4 Facilitating visual scanning A distinctive feature to facilitate scanning should be provided. For example, techniques such a
49、s inserting a blank line approximately every five lines should be used, see figure 16. Other techniques (e.g. colour or lines) could be used to aid scanning or to indicate table areas. Clty country Telephone Code Berlin Bern Brussels Copenhagen Lisbon London Madrid Oslo Paris Rome Germany Switzerland Belgium Denmark Portugal 4930 4131 *322 *45 +3511 United Kingdom +44lfl Spain +341 Norway *4f France *331 Italy *396 Vaduz Liechtenstein *41?5 Valetta Malta *356 Vienna A
