1、BRITISH STANDARD Plastics - Fire tests - Standard ignition sources The European Standard EN IS0 100931998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 13.220.40; 83.080.01 BS EN IS0 10093:1999 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSL PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHI LAW STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10073-ENGL 1777 M 1b24
2、bb9 07q388b 787 = BS EN IS0 10093:1999 been prepared under the direction of the Sector AmdNo. Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 February 1999 O BSI 02-1999 ISBN O 680 30660 7 I National foreword Date Text a
3、ffected This British Standard is the English language version of EN IS0 100931998. It is identical with IS0 100931998. It supersedes BS IS0 100931994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRu26, Burning behaviour of plastics and rubbers, whi
4、ch has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the tea, - present to the responsible internatiordBumpean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests Wormed; - monitor related internationid and European developments and promulgate the
5、m in the K. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secrem. Cross-references The British Standards which implement intedonal or European pubiidons referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “Inte
6、rnational Standards Correspondence Index“, or by using the “Find“ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include ali the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards am responsible for their correct appidon. Compliance with a Briti
7、sh Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the Is0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. STD-BSI BS
8、EN IS0 10073-ENGL 1777 lb2Ybb7 0743887 b13 M EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 10093 November 1998 ICs 73.220.00; 83.080.10 Descriptors: see IS0 document English version Plastics - Fire tests - Standard ignition sources (IS0 1 0093: 1 998) Piastiques - Essais au feu - Catgorie
9、s de sources dallumage (IS0 10093:1998) Kunststofe - Brandprlffungen - Standard-Zndquellen (IS0 1 0093: 1 998) This European standard was approved by CM on 1 November 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Intemal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for gMng this European
10、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographiical references concerning such national standards maybe obtained on application tothe central CeCretana . t or to any CEN member. This European standard exists in three official versions (Engibh. Fre
11、nch, Gem). A version in any Mer language made by ttanslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the central Secretariat has the same status as the offiaal versions. CEN members are the national space-heating appliances; electric wiring, connectors and term
12、inations; other electrical appliances (such as washing machines, bedwarmers, televisions, water heaters); cigarettes; matches and smokers gas lighters; blow-lamps, blow-torches and welding torches; rubbish burning; candles. The above list covers the major primary ignition sources for accidental fire
13、s. Other sources may be involved in fires raised maliciously. Research into causes of fires has shown that primary ignition sources (e.g. glowing cigarettes or dropped flaming matches) can set fire to waste paper, which then acts as a secondary ignition source of greater intensity. When analysing an
14、d evaluating the various ignition sources for applications involving plastics materials, the following questions need to be answered on the basis of detailed fire statistics: a) What is the significance of the individual ignition sources in various fire risk situations? b) What proportion is attribu
15、table to secondary ignition sources? c) Where does particular attention have to be paid to secondary ignition sources? d) To what extent are different ignition sources responsible for fatal fire accidents? The following laboratory ignition sources are intended to simulate actual ignition sources tha
16、t have been shown to be the cause of real fires involving plastics. Laboratory ignition sources are preferred over actual ignition sources due to their consistency which results in greater data repeatability within a laboratory and greater reproducibility between laboratories. These laboratory ignit
17、ion sources may be used to develop new test procedures. STD.BS1 BS EN IS0 10073-ENGL 1779 Lb2qbb 07Li3893 917 m EN IS0 10093:1998 Plastics - Fire tests - Standard ignition sources 1 Scope This Intemational Standard describes and classifies a range of laboratory ignition sources for use in fire tests
18、 on plastics and products consisting substantially of plastics. These sources vary in intensity and area of impingement. They may be used to simulate the initial thermal abuse to which plastics may be exposed in certain actual fire risk scenarios. 2 Normative references The following standards conta
19、in provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigat
20、e the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 1337:1980, Wrought coppers (having minimum copper contents of 99,85 %) - Chemical composition and forms of wrought produc
21、ts. IS0 5657:1997, Reaction to fire tests - lgnitabiliy of building products using a radiant heat soume. IS0 81 91 -1 : 1 987, Furniture - Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture - Part 1: Ignition source: smouldering cigarette. IS0 81 91 -2:1988, Furniture - Assessment of the ignita
22、bility of upholstered furniture - Part 2: Ignition source: match-flame equivalent. IS0 97051 993, Fire tests - Full-scale room test for surface products. IS0 1 1925-2:1997, Reaction to fire tests - lgnitabiliy of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame - Part 2: Single flame sourc
23、e test. IEC 60332-3:1992, Tests on electric cables under fire conditions - Part 3: Tests on bunched wires or cables. IEC 60695-2-1/0:1994, Fire hazard testing - Part 2: Test methods - Section Vsheet O: Glow-wire test methods - GellWal. IEC 606952-2:1991, Fire hazard testing - Part 2: Test methods -
24、Section 2: Needle-flame test. IEC 60695-2-4/1:1991, Fire hazard testing - Part 2: Test methods - Section 4/sheet 7: 1 kW nominal pre-mixed test flame and guidance. IEC 60695-2-4/2:1994), fire hazard testing - Part2: Test methods - Section 4/sheet 2: 500 W nominal test flames and guidance. IEC 60695-
25、2-20:1995, Fire hazard testing - Part 2: Glowinflot wire based test methods - Section 20: Hot-wire coil ignitabili?y test on materials. 1) Future editions of this standard are expected to be published under the designation IEC 60695-1 1-3. 1 STD-BSI EN IS0 10093:1998 BS EN IS0 10093-ENGL 1999 m Lb2q
26、bb 074389q 853 m IEC 60695-1 1-4:-*), fire hazard testing - Patt 7 7: Test flame - Section 4: 50 W apparatus and confirmational test methods. ASTM D 50251 994, Standard specifcation for a laboratory burner used for small-scale burning tests on plastic materials. DIN 50051 :1977, Testing of materials
27、; Burning behaviour of materials; Burner. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Intemational Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 afterflame persistence of flaming of a material after the ignition source has been removed 3.2 afterHame time length of time for which a material continues to
28、flame, under specified test conditions, after the ignition source has been removed also called duration of flame) - 3.3 persistence of glowing of a material after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after the ignition source has been removed afterglow 3.4 afterglow time length of time for
29、 which a material continues to glow, under specified test conditions, after the ignition source has been removed and/or cessation of flaming 3.5 combustion exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizer, generally accompanied by flames and/or glowing and/or emission of smoke 3.6 easa of ignitio
30、n ease with which a material can be ignited under specified test conditions 3.7 exposed surface that surface subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.8 flama (verb) to undergo combustion in the gaseous phase with emission of light 3.9 flaming ddwk material separating from the specimen durin
31、g the test procedure and falling below the initial lower edge of the specimen and continuing to flame as it falls 3.1 O glowing combustion combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the combustion zone 2) Tobepublkhed. 2 3.1 1 ignitability measure of th
32、e ease with which a specimen can be ignited due to the influence of an external heat source under specified test conditions 3.12 ignite (transitive verb) to initiate combustion 3.1 3 ignite (intransitive verb) to catch fire with or without the application of an extemal heat source 3.14 ignition init
33、iation of combustion 3.15 ignition source applied source of heat which is used to ignite combustible materiais or products 3.16 ignition temperature minimum temperature of a material at which sustained combustion can be initiated under specified test conditions 3.17 irradiance (at a point of a surfa
34、ce) radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point divided by the area of that element 3.1 8 minimum ignition time minimum time of exposure of a material to an ignition source to obtain sustained combustion under specified test conditions 3.19 primary ignition
35、source the first applied ignition source 3.20 punking propagation of a smouldering combustion front after removal of the ignition source 3.21 secondary ignition source heat source which is activated following ignition from a primary source 3.22 sustained flaming after withdrawal of the ignition sour
36、ce, the inception of a flame on the surface of a material that persists for at least 10 s 3.23 transitory flaming after withdrawal of the ignition source, the appearance of flashes or flames which are not sustained for a continuous 10 s 3 STD.BS1 BS EN IS0 10073-ENGL 1777 3ib29bb 07438b b2b EN IS0 1
37、0093:1998 4 Ignition processes 4.1 When plastics are exposed to thermal energy, flammable vapours may be generated from their surface. Under suitable conditions (especially high temperatures), a critical concentration of flammable vapour may form and spontaneous ignition will result. If a flame is p
38、resent as the sole energy source, or as a supplementary source, the ignition process will be assisted; this mechanism is sometimes known as pilot ignition. 4.2 A specimen of plastic is regarded as ignited when flames appear on the surface of the plastic or when glowing combustion is evident. 4.3 Aft
39、er ignition has occurred, some burning plastics create additional fire hazards by forming flaming debris or drips. If this flaming debris falls on to combustible material, secondary ignition may occur and the fire will spread more rapidly. 4.4 The locaked application of a heat source to some plastic
40、s results in glowing combustion. With some thermoplastic foams and foams from thermosetting materials the localized application of a heat source results in punking which produces a carbonaceous char. 5 Characteristics of ignition sources 5.1 The main characteristics of ignition sources and their rel
41、ation to the test specimen may be defined by the following factors: a) The intensity of the ignition source. This is a measure of the thermal load on the specimen resulting from the combined conduction, convection and radiation effects caused by the ignition source. b) The area of impingement of the
42、 ignition source on the specimen. c) The duration of exposure of the specimen and whether it is continuous or intermittent. d) The presentation of the ignition source to the specimen and whether or not it impinges. e) The orientation of the specimen in relation to the ignition source. 9 The ventilat
43、ion conditions in the vicinity of the ignition source and exposed surface of the specimen. 5.2 The ignition sources described in clause 7 provide a range of intensities and areas of impingement to be considered for use in fire tests of plastics. NOTE Factors c) to f) may be determined when the speci
44、fic fire test conditions have been decided. 6 Experimental principles 6.1 Flame ignition sources of two iypes have been selected. 6.1.1 Dithision flame source To form a dfhrsion flame source, gas (usualiy propane, methane or butane) flows through stainless-steel tubes without ingress of air prior to
45、 the base of the flame. NOTE presentation is required toward the specimen. 6.1.2 Promhd flame source These flames simulate natural flames well but they often fluctuate and are not convenient to direct if any angular To form a pr0mixed flame source, a gas burner (usually using propane, methane or but
46、ane) fitted with air inlet ports or an air intake manifold is used. 4 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 L0093-ENGL L?q LbZi.lbb9 07Li3897 5b2 E EN IS0 10093:1998 E DF PF R NOTES Electric Overheated wire; arcs Diffusion flame Match; candle Premixed flame Laboratory-burner; blow-lamp Non-contacting radiant Electric f
47、ire; radiant heat from a developing or established accidental fire 1 Premixed flame sources are more directional than diffusion flame sources and are more suitable for some laboratory quality assurance tests. 2 Premixed flame sources are generally hotter than diffusion flame sources. 6.2 It is recom
48、mended (mandatory for some test methods) that gas burners are always set up to conform to precise gas flow rates and/or flame heights. Secondary checks of flame temperature or heat flux should be performed periodically but criteria on these parameters should not be an essential patt of the laborator
49、y procedure. After setting up the burner for a particular test (.e. often at an acute angle to the test specimen), it is desirable to leave the burner in this orientation throughout a series of experiments. This objective is conveniently satisfied if the operator only has to maintain the gas flow constant to the bumer. 6.3 The gas burners are connected to the gas supply by flexible tubing via a cylinder regulator providing an outlet pressure, on-off valve, fine-control valve and flowmeter. 6.4 Difficulties sometimes occur with the supply
