1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014Petroleum and natural gasindustries Completion fluidsand materialsPart 6: Procedure for measuring leakoff ofcompletion fluids under dynamic conditionsBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、of EN ISO13503-6:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PSE/17/-/3, Drilling and completion fluids and wellcements.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include a
3、ll the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 71941 7ICS 75.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Stand
4、ard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13503-6 March 2014 ICS 75.100 English Version Petroleum and natural gas industries - Comp
5、letion fluides and materials - Part 6: Procedure for measuring leakoff of completion fluids under dynamic conditions (ISO 13503-6:2014) Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de compltion et matriaux - Partie 6: Mode opratoire pour le mesurage de la perte de fluide par filtration en condit
6、ions dynamiques des fluides de compltion (ISO 13503-6:2014)Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflssigkeiten und -materialien - Teil 6: Verfahren zur Messung des Fluidverlustes von Komplettierungsflssigkeiten unter dynamischen Bedingungen (ISO 13503-6:2014) This European Standard was approved
7、by CEN on 27 October 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national sta
8、ndards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
9、notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
10、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC
11、 Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-6:2014 EBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014EN ISO 13503-6:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13503-6:2014) has been prep
12、ared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the
13、secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attent
14、ion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of t
15、he following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
16、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13503-6:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13503-6:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E) ISO 2014 All ri
17、ghts reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Cell type 24 Identification of test parameters (linear flow cells) . 34.1 General . 34.2 Temperature 34.3 Pressure 44.4 Test duration . 44.5 Shear rate . 44.6 Permeability 44.7 Fluid shear-history simulato
18、r (optional) . 44.8 Heat-up rate . 45 Test procedure 45.1 Core preparation . 45.2 Round cell 55.3 Proppant conductivity cell 56 Calculations 66.1 Shear rate . 66.2 Leakoff coefficients 67 Calculation examples . 87.1 Round cell Linear gel 87.2 Round cell Crosslinked gel 107.3 Proppant conductivity ce
19、ll Crosslinked gel 118 Report .12Bibliography .14BS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
20、 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO col
21、laborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Sta
22、ndards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
23、 this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13503-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcomm
24、ittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements.ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials: Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids Part 2: Measurement of properties of pr
25、oppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations Part 3: Testing of heavy brines Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants Part 6: Procedure for measurin
26、g leakoff of completion fluids under dynamic conditionsiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)IntroductionThe objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide a procedure for measuring fluid loss (leakoff) under dynamic conditions. This procedure was compiled on the
27、 basis of several years of comparative testing, debate, discussion and continued research by the industry.Dynamic fluid loss testing consists of a simulation of the circulation process where completion fluid loss occurs at a core face with appropriate shear conditions. Under dynamic conditions, the
28、filter cake deposition and fluid loss behaviour are different to those of fluid loss under static conditions.Laboratory leakoff tests have shown that there is a dynamic effect for low-permeability formations, i.e. 50 mD, the dynamic effect is relatively small because the fluid system that penetrates
29、 the fracture face forms minimum filter cake.The determination of the fluid loss coefficients is simply a quadratic regression of the data, with time and square root of time as variables.In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, US Customary (USC) units are included in parentheses for information.
30、 The units do not necessarily represent a direct conversion of SI to USC units, or vice versa. Consideration has been given to the precision of the instrument making the measurement. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014BS EN ISO 13503-6:2014Petroleum and natural gas industries Comple
31、tion fluids and materials Part 6: Procedure for measuring leakoff of completion fluids under dynamic conditions1 ScopeThis part of ISO 13503 provides consistent methodology for measuring the fluid loss of completion fluids under dynamic conditions. This part of ISO 13503 is applicable to all complet
32、ion fluids except those that react with porous media.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1backpressureconstant pressure maintained at the leakoff port2.2celltool that contains the core and maintains test conditions such as test temper
33、ature and confining pressureNOTE Cell orientation is defined according to whether the long axes of the core are horizontal or vertical.2.3filter cakebuild-up of materials on core face or within the porous medium2.4filtratefluid exiting the core2.5fluid inletpoint at which fluid enters the gap2.6flui
34、d lossmeasure of fluid volume that leaks into a porous medium over time2.7gaplinear distance from the core face to the wall opposite the core face2.8shear-history simulatorapparatus used to simulate shear history in a fluidSOURCE: ISO 13503-1:2011, definition 2.10INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-6:2
35、014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)3 Cell typeThere are two different types of cell for measuring fluid loss under dynamic conditions:a) round cell: an example is shown in Figure 1;b) proppant conductivity cell: an example is shown in Figure 2 (see also ISO
36、 13503-5:2006, Figure C.1).Key1 inlet port2 outlet port3 porous medium (core)4 gap5 leakoff outletFigure 1 Schematic of a typical round cell2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)Key1 inlet port2 outlet port3 porous medium (core)4 gap5 leakoff outletFigure 2 Schematic
37、 of a typical proppant conductivity cell4 Identification of test parameters (linear flow cells)4.1 GeneralAll calibrations shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.4.2 Temperature4.2.1 General considerationsTemperatures shall be measured to within 1 C (2 F) and stabili
38、zed to within 3 C (5 F) of the test temperature.4.2.2 Test temperatureThe test temperature is the simulated temperature as defined by the fluid and cell temperatures.4.2.3 Fluid temperatureFluid temperature is the temperature of the test fluid measured at the fluid inlet.4.2.4 Cell temperatureCell t
39、emperature is the internal cell temperature representing the core temperature. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)4.3 Pressure4.3.1 Test pressureTest pressure is the differential fluid pressure across the core length. It may be measured by a differential pressure
40、transducer or calculated by subtracting the backpressure from the fluid pressure. It shall be controlled at 5 % of the design pressure.4.3.2 Fluid pressureFluid pressure is the pressure at the core face.4.3.3 BackpressureBackpressure is the pressure of the filtrate as it exits the core.4.3.4 Confini
41、ng pressureThe confining pressure is the pressure used to seal the core if a Hassler sleeve is used.4.4 Test durationThe test begins when the differential fluid pressure is applied and shall continue for a minimum of 60 min.4.5 Shear rateThe shear rate of the test fluid across the core face shall be
42、 40 s1 25 %.4.6 PermeabilityUsing a compatible fluid, determine the permeability of the core prior to the test.4.7 Fluid shear-history simulator (optional)Shear-sensitive fluids may be conditioned through a shear-history simulator as described in ISO 13503-1 and specified by the following parameters
43、:a) tubing length;b) tubing inside diameter;c) flow rate.4.8 Heat-up rateWithin 15 min or less, the fluid temperature at the inlet shall be no lower than 5 % below and no higher than 3 C (5 F) above the desired test temperature. The inlet temperature shall be measured and recorded at a point close t
44、o the inlet port.5 Test procedure5.1 Core preparationMechanical preparation of the core shall be carried out so as to minimize any alteration of its permeability (such as by grinding and polishing the core surface). The core shall be saturated with the base fluid or 4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS
45、EN ISO 13503-6:2014ISO 13503-6:2014(E)a synthetic formation fluid (examples include KCl, NH4Cl or other brines). If the formation fluid is not known, the core shall be saturated using a non-reactive solution.5.2 Round cell5.2.1 Prepare a core with minimum dimensions of 25,4 mm (1 in) in length by 25
46、,4 mm (1 in) in diameter.5.2.2 Saturate the core and record liquid permeability.5.2.3 Prepare the test fluid and record fluid properties (for example in accordance with ISO 13503-1).5.2.4 Set the backpressure, typically 690 kPa (100 psi) or greater, to satisfy a desired pressure differential across
47、the core during the test (for example a minimum pressure differential of 6 900 kPa (1 000 psi) for tests on low-permeability cores).5.2.5 Heat the cell to the test temperature.5.2.6 Fluid should enter and exit the cell in a uniform flow regime so as to minimize entrance and exit effects. The distanc
48、e between the core face and any loop curvature before fluid enters or exits the cell should be at least 2,5 times the diameter of the loop.5.2.7 Initialize flow across the core face at the desired shear rate with the leakoff valve closed.5.2.8 Monitor fluid temperature, fluid rate, pressure differen
49、tial and fluid properties such as pH and viscosity before the fluid enters the cell.5.2.9 Open the leakoff valve and start collecting fluid leakoff data at a minimum frequency of one data point per minute for at least 60 min. The volume is collected in a container, making sure the evaporation is minimized (the volume may be calculated from fluid mass by collecting fluid in a tared container).5.3 Proppant conductivity cell5.3.1 Prepare cores to fit the proppant conductivity cell with a minimum thickness of 9,5 mm
